Ruzivo rwakakosha padanho retekinoroji, mune ino chinyorwa tichataura zvakadzama nezve zvekuchengetedza zvinhu izvo zvinotibvumira kuchengetedza ruzivo rwakataurwa.
Iwo makuru emakomputa vanobatana
Midziyo yekuchengetedza
Iwo mafaera uye zvirongwa zvinodiwa kuti komputa kana nhare mbozha ishande nemazvo, kana ruzivo rwekuti munhu anoda kuendesa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe, anochengetwa uye anodzivirirwa muchinhu chinozivikanwa semudziyo wekuchengetera.
Parizvino, tinogona kuwana mhando dzakasiyana dzemidziyo iyi zvichienderana nezvatinoda, semuenzaniso, zviripo zvekuchengetedza zvinhu malaptop, Hardware kuchengetedza zvishandiso, pakati pevamwe.
Kana iwe usiri kunyatso kujeka nezve iyo komputa system, tinokupa iwe mukana wekuverenga yakanaka kwazvo ruzivo rwunozokubatsira iwe mune yedu chinyorwa: Computer System: Chii? Mhando uye Hunhu.
Kurongwa
La shanduko yemidziyo yekuchengetedza, yakatanga muna 1947 nekusvika kweWilliams Tube uye inopfuurira nanhasi.
Ukuwo, maitiro emidziyo yekuchengetedza vanomaka mutsauko pakati pechimwe nechimwe, zvichiita kuti dzisanyanya kubatsira zvichienderana nebasa raunoda kuita.
Zvinoenderana nekugona kwavo kana maitiro mukati mehurongwa, tinowana mhando mbiri:
Primary Devices: ndeavo mashoma ekuchengetedza michina iyo inoshandiswa nguva dzose, saka inoda simba kuti ikwanise kuchengetedza ruzivo muCPU.
Secondary Devices: ndivo vanochengetedza ruzivo zvakatevedzana pamidziyo yekunze kuitira kuti vanhu vaende naro chero chero nguva yavanoda.
Kana iri nzira iyo data inotorwa nayo, tinowana marudzi maviri: sequential access devices, umo kudarika ruzivo iwe unofanirwa kutsvaga rekodhi nerekodhi kubva pakutanga kwerutsigiro, uye zvigadziriswe zvekuwana zvishandiso, uko ruzivo runowanikwa zvakananga kubva. nzvimbo yekuchengetedza.
Magnetic kuchengetedza
Izvi midziyo yekuchengetedza data Izvo zvinoumbwa nemagineti zvinhu zvinobvumira kuchengetwa kwehuwandu hwemashoko kuburikidza nebhinari system.
Magnetic Tape Unit
Vachionekwa sevasina basa kwechikamu chikuru, vanochengeta data yevhidhiyo uye odhiyo mhando. Kushandiswa kwayo kwaidzokororwa mu70s sezvo vakakwanisa kuchengeta mafaera kuburikidza neyakatevedzana mhando maitiro.
Muboka iri, zvinhu zvakaita seVHS kana kaseti vatambi havana kukwanisa kurarama nekufamba kwenguva uye zvakamira kushandiswa nekuda kwekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji.
floppy drive
Inomiririrwa neiyo floppy drive kana floppy drive, ivo vanowanzo batanidzwa mumakomputa, kunyangwe kana zvisiri, vanogona kubatanidzwa kwavari nekuda kwetambo.
Yakagadzirwa muna 1969, mafloppy drives ane mashoma ekutsigira simba uye floppy disks ane nzvimbo ye1,44 MB chete, anofambisa kuchinjana kwemafaira madiki, kudzima uye kunyorazve ruzivo kakawanda sezvaunoda, zvisinei, maitiro acho anononoka kana zvienzanise nounyanzvi hutsva.
Parizvino, vashandisi vanosarudza kushandisa zvimwe zvigadziriso zvekuchengetedza izvo zvinobvumira huwandu hukuru hwe data kuchengetedzwa, pamusoro uye pamusoro peiyo inopiwa ne floppy disks.
Hard drive kana hard drive
Ndizvo midziyo yekuchengetedza mukati inonyanya kuzivikanwa pasi rose, mukurumbira wavo unokonzerwa nekuti ivo vanogadzira iyo yekutanga inoshanda unit yechero komputa, yakabatana nayo kuburikidza nebhodhi reamai kana mamaboard.
Nekuda kwekuti hard drive yemukati inoshanda nekugadziriswa mukombuta uye kuendesa ruzivo rwurimo, maCD, USB ndangariro kana mamwe maturusi ekunze anodiwa, ekunze hard drive akagadzirwa zvakare anobatana nekombuta kuburikidza kubva. tambo ye USB.
Yekutanga hard drive munhoroondo yakapihwa muna 1956, vanochengeta ruzivo rwakakosha rwekombuta, zvirongwa, mafaera kana sisitimu yekushandisa, zvese izvi nezvimwe zvakawanda zvinowanikwa mumudziyo uyu.
Chimiro chacho chinowanzove madhisiki maviri anowanikwa pamusoro peimwe pane iyo magineti zvinhu zvine basa rekuchengetedza iyo data inofamba. Kazhinji, dhisiki rimwe nerimwe rakaoma rine tsono mbiri dzinotsigira kuverenga kwemashoko asi kwete chaizvoizvo kubata madhisiki kuti arege kuvakuvadza.
Saka kuti the basa remidziyo yekuchengetedza zverudzi urwu zvinozadzikiswa, zvinodikanwa kuti vagamuchire simba, saka vanofanirwa kubatanidzwa kune magetsi ekombuta.
Simbisa maficha
Kugona: inoreva nhamba yegigabytes (GB) iyo mudziyo unayo. Parizvino, inosiyana pakati pe250 GB uye 1 TB.
Avhareji yenguva yekutsvaga: ndiyo nguva inotora kuti tsono ione ruzivo rwaunoda, kureva kuti, nguva inotora kuti uwane data yakatsvakwa.
Avhareji yenguva yekuverenga/kunyora: Inguva inotora kuti hard drive iverenge kana kunyora ruzivo rutsva kuti ruchengetwe.
Kutenderera kumhanya: kumhanya kwakatemwa mumarevolutions paminiti (RPM). Madhisiki anowanikwa mumakomputa anhasi anotenderera kubva pa4200 kusvika 15 RPM, nekukurumidza uku kumhanya, nekukurumidza iyo data iri padhisiki ichawanikwa.
Data transmission capacity: inoreva kumhanya uko hard drive inotumira ruzivo. Parizvino inowanzoita 6 GB pasekondi.
optical storage
Madhiraivha anotarisisa tekinoroji yavo pamateki ekuverenga anowanikwa mukati meoptical discs, nekushandisa laser inorova inopenya pamusoro.
Kusiyana nevamwe kuchengetedza uye kugadzirisa zvishandiso, optical drives haachengete ruzivo mukati, pane kudaro, iyo data yakanyorwa pane disk-shaped zvishandiso, izvo zvinogona kuiswa nyore nyore uye kubviswa kubva mudhiraivha.
CD-ROM kutyaira
Iyo CD-ROM drive inomiririra imwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa kuchengetedza zvikamu nhasi, mukana wayo uri pakuti inokwanisa kuchengeta masisitimu anoshanda, zvirongwa, maapplication uye kunyange mavhidhiyo kana maaudios.
Iine tray iyo disk (CD-ROM) yakaiswa, inobuda uye inopinda muchikwata nekudzvanya bhatani riri kunze kwechombo.
Madhiraivha mazhinji eCD-ROM ane vhoriyamu uye zvidzori zvekufambisa, pamwe nekukwanisa kubaya mahedhifoni. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kune zvikamu zvakatsaurirwa chete kuverenga discs, nepo vamwe vachikwanisa kuverenga uye kurekodha.
MaCD ekutanga akatanga kutengeswa pasi rose muna 1982, achisimudzirwa nemakambani akaita seSony kana Philips, aive nesimba re650 MB.
Madhisiki anowanzo kunyorwa kune rumwe rutivi chete uye michina yavo inopa mukana wekunyora ruzivo kamwe chete mune dzimwe nguva uye mune dzimwe zvinokwanisika kutsiva ruzivo rwekare nerutsva.
CD-R/RW drive
Madhiraivha eCD-R/RW ane basa rekuverenga nekurekodha ruzivo, anewo kugona kunyora patsva, zviri nyore, iwo maCD-R/RW disc rewriters.
Nzvimbo yayo yekuchengetedza inotangira kubva ku650 kusvika ku900 MB, ichikurumidza nguva yekuendesa data kune diski, izvi zvinongotora maminetsi.
DVD-ROM dhiraivha
Rutsigiro rwunopihwa neDVD-ROM dhiraivha ndeye 17 GB yekuchengetedza, ichiisa pamberi peiyo CD-ROM drive, iyo inogovera mamwe maitiro. (kuverenga, kubatana, kushanda).
Musiyano unonyanya kuzivikanwa ungave wekuti neDVD-ROM madhiraivha isu tinokwanisa kuwana dhijitari odhiyo, ndiko kuti, tinogona kuteerera kuDVD pasina kudikanwa kwekushandisa mahedhifoni, chinhu chinoyemurika kana tichitaura nezvekuona mafirimu.
DVD ± R/RW drive
Iine vhidhiyo uye odhiyo mhando yepamusoro kune yakapfuura midziyo, dhiraivha iyi inokwanisa kuverenga, kurekodha uye kurekodha zvakare mavhidhiyo, mifananidzo nemanzwi.
Iyo yekurekodha kumhanya inotangira pa2,4x kusvika 16x, nemamwe mazwi, inogona kurekodha kubva ku24 kusvika ku6 maminetsi. Unit DVD ± R/RW iri nyore kushandisa uye inogadzira kopi yemhando yepamusoro yedhijitari. Kugona kwayo kunobva pa650 MB kusvika pa9 GB.
DB dhiraivha
BD madhiraivha, vaverengi kana marekodhi, ndeaya anoshanda neBlue-ray discs. Parizvino, ndivo vakasarudzwa kuverenga uye kurekodha mavhidhiyo emhando yepamusoro.
Madhisiki eBlue-ray ane simba rekuchengetedza 20 GB, iyo inoshandura mumaawa matanhatu anoenderera epamusoro-tsanangudzo vhidhiyo kusanganisira odhiyo.
Aya mayuniti akazvipira kune hunyanzvi, nekuda kweizvi madhisiki akagadziridzwa kuti aenderane ne3D uye HD, yakakwira tsananguro yemhando yepamusoro mukati meaudiovisual world.
Magneto-optical kuchengetedza
Magneto-optical drives anokwanisa kuverenga nekunyorazve madhisiki anobatanidza optical disk uye floppy disk tekinoroji panguva imwe chete.
Aya mayuniti anoshandisa hurongwa hwakaoma kupfuura iyo inogadzirwa chete nemagineti uye inobvumira kuwanda kweruzivo kuchengetwa.
MiniDisc drive
Yakagadzirwa muna 1992 nehofori yeJapan Sony (kunyanya), MiniDisc drive yakatsiva mimhanzi makaseti. Chinhu chinotakurika chinokutendera kuridza manzwi.
Saizvozvowo, inoshandisa dhijitari kurekodha kuchengetedza data pane diki dhisiki raive nehukuru hwakakura panguva yekutanga kwayo kuve neanopfuura 70 maminetsi eruzha rwedhijitari.
Madhisiki anoisa makwara anogadzirika nyore uye anotamba pasina kumbomira pakati pawo. Mukati medhisiki mune tafura yezviri mukati inoratidza maaudios akachengetwa, anomiririrwa nezita rerwiyo kana muimbi.
Neruremekedzo kune mamwe mayuniti, iyo MiniDisc inopa iri nani ruzha kuburikidza neyakakwana odhiyo kuenzana, izvi zvinowedzerwa nemukana wekugadzirisa kumhanya kwekutamba.
Zip drive
Mutsivi weiyo floppy dhisiki, iyo Zip drive yakagadzirwa mu1994, inobvisika yekuchengetedza mudziyo inoshandisa dhisiki yakafanana neiyo floppy disks maererano nemagadzirirwo uye saizi, asi ine yakakura kwazvo kuchengetedza.
Kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwema hard drive uye kutaridzika kwezvimwe zvigadziriso senge peni dhiraivha kana memori makadhi, zvakaita kuti Zip unit ive isingashande uye ine pundutso chigadzirwa.
Jazz Unit
Yakagadzirwa muna 1997, iyi unit ine vhezheni ine 1GB kugona uye imwe ine 2Gb. Zvimiro, inoshandisa nzira dzakada kufanana nedzema hard drive uye panguva yayakatangwa maitiro ayo aive akafanana neaya emidziyo iyi.
Chikwata cheJaz hachina budiriro yaitarisirwa nevagadziri vayo, nekuda kwemutengo waro wepamusoro uye kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji nyowani zvakakonzera kufambisira mberi kwakasiyana. mhando dzemidziyo yekuchengetedza uye kugona kwavo.
super disk drive
Iyo SuperDisk kana LS-120, yakagadziridzwa nekambani yeImation, ine huwandu hwe120 uye 240 MB. Iyo sisitimu yaro yakavakirwa pane laser inokwanisa kutungamirira magineti yekuverenga-engraving chishandiso pane dhisiki iyo ruzivo runofanira kuchengetwa kana iro rine data rinowanikwa.
SuperDisk yakafukidzwa nekubudirira kweZip drives, pakazosvika gore ra2000 mhando haina kumutsa kufarira vashandisi uye yakanga yanyangarika pamusika.
Orb Drive
Iyo Orb Drive inzvimbo inobviswa yekuchengetedza yakagadzirwa muna 1999. Shanduro yekutanga yakanga ine simba re 2.2 GB, asi iyo yakagadzirwa muna 2001 yakanga ine 5.7 GB.
Kunyange zvazvo yaiita seimwe nzira yakanaka munyika yekombuta, seyakaitangira, haina kubudirira zvakanyanya nekuda kwemitengo yakaderera uye kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi kwakabvumira kugadzirwa kwemidziyo yekuchengetedza zviri nani.
solid state kuchengetedza
Solid-state madhiraivha haana mativi emagetsi, pachinzvimbo anoshandisa transistors kuchengetedza mashoma emagetsi kuchaja. Mune mamwe mazwi, haifaniri kuramba ichibatanidzwa kune simba remagetsi kuitira kuchengetedza ruzivo.
Magadzirirwo echigadzirwa ichi haavimbi nemadhisiki maviri nemapini senge ari muhard drive, asi anoshandisa isina-volatile memory.
Kuenzaniswa nemamwe madhiraivha ekuchengetedza, solid-state dhiraivha inopa kuita kwepamusoro, kushoma kutsvaga / kuverenga nguva, uye zviri nyore kufamba chero kupi.
Flash Memory Unit
Yakagadzirwa muna 1994 naFujio Masuoka, flash memory yakashandura zvachose nyika yekuchengetedza. Kuvandudzwa kwevatambi vemazuva ano vanoteerera, semuenzaniso, iPod, inomuka nekubatanidza flash memory muhurongwa hwayo.
MP3s, memory cards, USB flash drives kana microSD cards ndezvimwe zvezvishandiso zvinoshandisa tekinoroji yechikamu ichi kuita mabasa azvo.
Flash memory inobvumira kukurumidza kuwana ruzivo, inoda simba shoma remagetsi, inoshingirira kuvhunduka uye inogona kutakurwa mumidziyo inotakurika.
Aya mayunitsi anopa tekinoroji yakafanana neye RAM ndangariro, ine mukana wekukwanisa kuchengeta ruzivo kwenguva yakareba.
Kuti ashandiswe pasi rose, madhiraivha akagadzirwa kuti akwanise kushingirira tembiricha kubva -25°C kusvika 85°C.
memori kadhi unit
Icho chinhu chemukati chekupinza uye chinobuda chishandiso, chinogona kubatanidzwa kuburikidza ne USB ports kana kugadziriswa mumidziyo yakaita semaprinta, makomputa, maDVD, pakati pezvimwe.
Zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwavo, vaverengi vemakadhi ememori vanotaurirana neimwe kana mamwe marudzi emakadhi (vaverengi vakawanda), iyo yekupedzisira inokwanisa kuverenga makadhi anopfuura mashanu pasinei nerudzi.
Mamwe makadhi ekurangarira haadi vaverengi kana ma adapter kuti vawane ruzivo rwavo, izvi imhaka yekuti anogona kubatana zvakananga kune USB port.
USB Memory
USB flash drives, inozivikanwawo sePenDrives, yakasimba-nyika yekuchengetedza michina ine hunyanzvi kubva pa1GB kusvika 1TB.
Madhiraivha epeni ave akanyanya kushandiswa kuchengetedza zvishandiso nhasi kutakura data kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe. Yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza magwaro, ndangariro idzi dzinokwanisa kubata zvirongwa, mavhidhiyo uye kunyange masisitimu anoshanda.
Kana zvichidikanwa, iyo data iri mundangariro idzi inogona kurekodhwa uye kudzimwa zviuru zvenguva, nepo nguva yekuchengeta ruzivo ingangoita makore makumi maviri.
Cloud kuchengetedza
Un mudziyo wekuchengetera chaiwo, ndiyo inokubvumira kuchengetedza ruzivo kuburikidza netiweki (Internet). Iyo inoratidzirwa nekushandisa iyo chaiyo vhezheni yeakasiyana tekinoroji zviwanikwa.
Virtual kuchengetedza inounzwa kuburikidza nenzira nhatu, software sevhisi, iyo inowanzoendesa zvikumbiro kuburikidza newebhu bhurawuza uye pamusoro peiyo vashandisi vasina kutonga kuzere.
Zvakare, isu tine chikuva sevhisi sevhisi, inoumbwa nehurongwa, makodhi kana zvikamu zvakambogadziriswa uye zvakagadzirira kujoinha mamwe maturusi etekinoroji, semuenzaniso, sevha yewebhu.
Chekupedzisira, isu tinowana zvivakwa sevhisi, iyi nzira inopa yakamisikidzwa sevhisi yekuchengetedza iri nyore pawebhu. Inotarisa maseva, zvinongedzo, uye mamwe masisitimu ekubata mitoro yebasa.
Ziva zvakadzama zvese zvine chekuita nekombuta yemakore, zvavari, izvo zvakakosha uye nezvimwe, kupinda muchinyorwa chedu, Chii chinonzi cloud computing?
Kudzorerwa Kwemashoko
Kana ruzivo rwakachengetwa rwadzimwa netsaona kana mudziyo unawo ukatadza, uchititadzisa kuuwana, kudzoreredza data kunova kwakakosha.
Mazuva ano, maitiro ekudzorera anoitika kuburikidza nenzira dziri nyore sekushandiswa kwemakopi (backups) yemashoko ekutanga, akachengetwa pane mamwe madivayiri kana masisitimu akadai seLinux neUnix. Saizvozvo, kune makambani uye vanhu vakazvipira kunotora ruzivo.