Leonardo Da Vinci anozivikanwa nekuve mumwe wenyanzvi huru dzatakapihwa nenhoroondo. Munhu ane mukurumbira weRenaissance wezana ramakore rechi 15, haana kungosiya basa reunyanzvi rinonakidza, asi aivewo muvambi nemugadziri wechiratidzo. Murangariro wake wokuda kuziva uye wokusika wakazviratidzira umene mumhatsa huru yezvakagadzirwa, zvimwe zvazvo zvakanga zviri mberi zvikuru kunguva yazvo. Ichi chokwadi chakakonzera marudzi ese efungidziro uye zvakavanzika zvakatenderedza munyori, izvo zvakashanda sezvinhu zvekutsvagisa pamwe nechirongwa chemabhuku akawanda uye mabasa emufirimu.
Munyaya ino, tichaongorora zvimwe Zvakagadzirwa naLeonardo Da Vinci zvinonyanya kukosha, kubva kumotokari dzakashongedzerwa kusvika kune masutu ekudhivha, kuratidzwa kwehunyanzvi hwavo mumunda weinjiniya uye hunyanzvi. Saizvozvo, isu tichaongorora zvakavanzika zvakatenderedza Leonardo da Vinci.
1. Motokari yezvombo
Pakati pemagadzirirwo akawanda aLeonardo da Vinci ipfungwa ye "armored car". Mumifananidzo yake, unogona kuona tangi rehondo rine dhizaini rine hexagonal uye rine makanoni akarongwa mativi ese kupa dziviriro yakakwana. Iyi dhizaini inoratidza chiono chaDa Vinci munharaunda yemauto, achitarisira kukosha kwekufamba uye kuchengetedzwa muhondo dzemazuva ano.
2. Kanoni inotenderera
Imwe tsvarakadenga yemauto yakagadzirwa Da Vinci ndiyo "swivel cannon." Mumifananidzo yake, akaronga a cannon yakaiswa pane pivot, iyo yaizobvumira nzira yayo kuti ichinje pasina kufambisa chidimbu chose. Pfungwa iyi yakaratidza kukosha kwekusiyana-siyana uye kugona munhandare yehondo, tichitarisira kushanduka kwepfuti.
3. Automatic saw
Leonardo akapindawo mukugadzira maturusi nemichina. Pfungwa yake ye "automatic saw" muenzaniso unozivikanwa. Mumifananidzo yake, unogona kuona saha yedenderedzwa inofambiswa nemuchina wegiya uye cranks. Iyo dhizaini inoratidza kufarira kwayo mukuita otomatiki uye nekuvandudza kugona mukuvaka nekugadzira.
4. Dredge
Mumunda we hydraulic engineering, Da Vinci akagadzira dredge, muchina wakagadzirirwa kuchera nekuchenesa mitumbi yemvura, senzizi nemigero. Magadzirirwo ayo aisanganisira screw mechanism yekusimudza uye kutakura sediment. Kunyangwe isina kuitwa munguva yayo, pfungwa iyi yakateya hwaro hwemagadzirirwo emangwana mukuvaka uye kudhiza muchina.
5. Jib crane
Chiratidzo chaDa Vinci chakawedzerawo pakuvaka nekufambisa nedhizaini yake ye "jib crane." Ichi chigadzirwa chakaratidza crane yakavakirwa pachikuva chinotenderera, kubvumira kunatsiridza kusvika uye kufamba zvichienzaniswa neakagadziriswa cranes. Pfungwa iyi yakapesvedzera kuvandudzwa kwema crane emazuva ano anoshandiswa mukuvaka nemaindasitiri.
6. Ngoro inozvifambisa
Imwe yemafungiro aDa Vinci anonyanya kufadza ndeye "ngoro inozvifambisa." Magadzirirwo ake yaisanganisira chitubu uye giya michina yaizobvumira mota kufamba yega. Kunyangwe panguva yake pakanga pasina tekinoroji yaidiwa kuvaka prototype inoshanda, iyo pfungwa yemotokari inofamba isina kudiwa kwemhuka kana kukweva kwemunhu inoratidza chiono chake chitsva.
7. Diving suit
Mumunda wekuongorora pasi pemvura, Da Vinci akagadzira "diving suit." Pfungwa yake yaisanganisira chivharo chematehwe chisina mvura uye girazi mask kubvumira kuona pasi pemvura. Kunyangwe zvisingazivikanwe kana akambovaka prototype inoshanda, zano rake rakateya hwaro hwemasutu ekudhivha emangwana uye midziyo yepasi pemvura inoshandiswa nhasi.
8. Propeller
Da Vinci akaongororawo pfungwa yekufambiswa kwemvura nedhizaini yake yepropeller. Mifananidzo yake iripo propeller yakafanana neiyo inoshandiswa pazvikepe zvemazuva ano. Kunyange zvazvo isina kushandiswa panguva iyoyo, dhizaini iyi yakafanofananidzira kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi mukufambisa uye kufambiswa kwemvura.
9. Zvimwe zvakagadzirwa naLeonardo Da Vinci
Pamusoro pezvakagadzirwa zvakataurwa, zvinyorwa zveDa Vinci zvakazara nemazano uye zvikeche zvemichina inobhururuka, mabhiriji anofamba, uye akasiyana michina michina. Kunyatsoongorora kwake muviri wemunhu kunoratidzawo kufarira kwake kunzwisisa muviri wemunhu nemashandiro awo. Ziva kuti mune zvese magadzirirwo avo pane yakakwana yemasvomhu kuwirirana kunowanikwa mune chiyero chegoridhe. Tinozviona:
- ari zvikeche zvemichina inobhururuka Zvinosanganisira magadzirirwo ezvinoita ornithopter, midziyo inotevedzera kubhururuka kweshiri. Kunyange zvazvo magadzirirwo aya asina kuvakwa munguva yawo, akakurudzira kuedza kweramangwana pakubhururuka kwevanhu.
- ari mabhiriji anofambiswa yakagadzirwa naDa Vinci inoratidza kunetseka kwake kwekukunda zvipingamupinyi zvechisikigo pasi. Magadzirirwo avo airatidza hungwaru mhinduro dzekufamba kwemauto nevagari, kunyangwe mazhinji emapurojekiti aya aingozobudirira gare gare.
- Kana ari michina michina, Da Vinci akaongorora mazano akasiyana-siyana, kubva pawachi kusvika kune maitiro ekusimudza uye otomatiki mafambiro. Zvikeche izvi zvinopa muono wakasiyana-siyana mundangariro dzemurume uyo, pamusoro pokuva nyanzvi yokudhirowa, akanga ari piyona mukushandiswa kwesainzi nouinjiniya.
- Leonardo da Vinci akaita zvidzidzo zvakawanda mukati human anatomy muupenyu hwake hwose. Achishandisa unyanzvi hwake hwokudhirowa uye kunyatsocherechedza, akatsemura zvitunha zvevanhu kuti anzwisise zvakaita muviri. Mifananidzo yake yakadzama yeanatomical, yakatorwa muzvinyorwa zvake, yakaratidza ruzivo rwepamusoro rwaitarisira kuwanikwa kwakawanda kwekurapa. gare gare. Zvidzidzo izvi hazvina kungoratidza hunyanzvi hwake seanatomist, asi zvakare zvakasiya nhaka yekukosha kukuru kune mushonga nesainzi.
Izvo zvakavanzika zvakatenderedza Leonardo Da Vinci
Zvakavanzika zvakatenderedza Leonardo da Vinci uye ane mukurumbira "Da Vinci Code" zvakaburitsa fungidziro dzakawanda uye dzidziso dzizere nezvakavanzika. Bhuku raDan Brown rakasimudzira pfungwa yezvakavanzika zvakavanzwa mumabasa aDa Vinci, zvichiratidza kuvapo kwemameseji akavharidzirwa.
Kunyange zvakadaro Dzidziso idzi dzinenge dziri dzengano., ratidza aura yechakavanzika chakatenderedza Da Vinci. Zvichienderana nedingindira rezvaakagadzira, vamwe vanofungidzira kana mamwe magadzirirwo angave aine macode akavanzika kana meseji, asi kusvika zvino, zvinhu izvi zvinoramba zvakaita sengano pane chokwadi chinobatika.
Legacy uye kurudziro
Kunyange zvazvo zvizhinji zvezvigadzirwa zvaLeonardo Da Vinci zvisina kuitika munguva yake, nhaka yake yakagara sechikonzero chekukurudzira kwezvizvarwa zvakawanda. Mafungiro ake echiono akapesvedzera kusimukira kwehunyanzvi uye mainjiniya, zvichiratidza izvozvo Kusika hakuzivi miganhu uye kunogona kudarika zvipingamupinyi zvenguva.. Pfungwa dzaDa Vinci dzinoda kuziva dzinoramba dziri mwenje unotungamira kune avo vari kutsvaga kuongorora miganhu yeruzivo uye hunyanzvi.