Muchinyorwa chino chatinokuunzirai nhasi, tiri kuzogadzirisa nyaya ingangove inonakidza kune vazhinji venyu uye iyo zvakare ichajekesa chero mhando yekusahadzika kubva kune vese vanhuwo zvavo uye nyanzvi dzeinjiniya, Tiri kutaura nezve musiyano webhiriji neviaduct.Pane mumwe wenyu anoziva kuti chii?
Kana uchiziva musiyano upi noupi pakati pezvivakwa zviviri izvi, asi uchinzwa kuda kuziva zvakatowanda nebhuku rino, tinokuvimbisa kuti uchawana mashoko anobatsira zvikuru panyaya yacho. Isu tichatsanangura zvese nenzira iri nyore, ndiko kuti, kuti munhu wese azvinzwisise.
Pamusoro pekudoma misiyano mikuru pakati pebhiriji uye viaduct, Isu tichatsanangurawo kuti chimwe nechimwe chezvivakwa zviviri izvi chii uye tichaona kuti ndeapi akakosha mabhiriji uye viaducts munharaunda yeSpanish.. Iye zvino nezhizha nemazororo, kufarira kwako kunogona kumutswa uye unonzwa uchida kuenda kuvashanyira.
Bridge: chii uye zvinhu
Ichi chivakwa chinoitwa nevanhu pamusoro pekuora mwoyo kuti vataurirane imwe pfungwa neimwe. Kana tichitaura nezvenzvimbo yekuora mwoyo, tinoreva nzvimbo ine kudzika, concave, kana mune mizhinji yemvura yakaita senzizi, nyanza, gungwa, nezvimwe.
Basa guru remabhiriji ndiro bvumira kufamba kwevanhu kana zvinhu, zvinogona kuva netsoka kana mumhando ipi zvayo yemotokari. Kune mabhiriji evanofamba netsoka, kana mabhiriji ane mukana wekuwana mota kana zvitima kana akagadzirirwa iwo.
Zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwazvinoiswa, inogona kuiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzakadai semugero, payaishandiswa kutakura mvura, viaduct, zvatichaona gare gare kana catwalks, zvinova zviya zvakagadzirirwa vanhu vanofamba netsoka.
Kuchengetedza kwakakosha murudzi urwu rwekuvaka, saka dhizaini yezvimiro inofanira kuitwa nenyanzvi muchikamu. Iyi dhizaini inofanirwa kuve yakavakirwa pazvimiro zvekuverenga izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotariswa, senge zvinhu zvekuvaka.
Mabhiriji sezvatichangobva kuona, Vanogona kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana uye zvichienderana nekuti iwe wasarudza pane imwe kana imwe, kuvaka kuchava nehumwe hunhu.
- Kana vakasarudza kushandisa huni, ivo vanokurumidza mabhiriji kuvaka uye nemutengo wakaderera.. Pane zvinopesana, ivo kazhinji havadziviriri zvakanyanya uye vanogara kwenguva refu. Icho chinhu chinobata zvakanyanya kune mamwe maajenti emuchadenga.
- Zambuko redombo rinoramba uye rinogara nekufamba kwenguva., kunyange zvazvo kuvakwa kwayo kuchitoreva mari yakakwirira. Haidi kutarisirwa zvakanyanya uye inoshingirira mamiriro ekunze akasiyana zvakanyanya.
- Metal mabhiriji ndiwo anonyanya kuenderana, sezvo achibvumira magadzirirwo akasiyana. Izvo zvivakwa, izvo zvinoitwa nekukurumidza, asi zvinosanganisira kudhura kwakanyanya. Chimwe chinhu chinofanira kucherechedzwa ndechekuti nekufamba kwenguva uye imwe mamiriro ekunze kana magasi vanotanga kutambura chiitiko chinoparadza.
- Pakupedzisira, mabhiriji ekongiri anokurumidza kuvaka, anopikisa uye anokwanisika zvehomwe dzemakambani ekuvaka. Ivo vanopikisa zvakanyanya kuita kweakasiyana emuchadenga vamiririri.
Ndeapi marudzi emabhiriji atingawana?
Tatoona kuti bhiriji chii uye zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvarinogona kuvakwa nazvo. Zvino, ndizvo nguva yekuwana mafomu anogona kutora zvivakwa izvi zvichienderana nekuedza kwezvinhu zvayo zvekuvaka.
- girder mabhiriji: anonyanya kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvakachinjika zvinotsigirwa nembiru kana zvitsigiro. Zvinhu zvakamira, zvakaita sembiru, zvinotsigira simba rekumanikidza. Nekune rimwe divi, maelementi akachinjika, anowanzo chinjika nekuda kwehuremu hwaanotsigira.
- arch mabhiriji: zvivakwa zvinoumbwa nechikamu chakakombamira kumusoro uye chinotsamira pazvitsigiro kana kuti zvinomutsa. Tinogona kuwana zvivakwa zviviri zvakasiyana mumhando iyi yemabhiriji. Mune imwe yadzo, arch ndiyo inochengetedza dhizaini yebhiriji kwainotenderera, nepo mune imwe yakafanana iyo iyo dhizaini inoenderana nerubatsiro rwezvitsigiro.
- Mazambuko akarembera: Muchiitiko ichi, dheti yebhiriji yakarembera uye inotsigirwa nerubatsiro rwenhamba yakawanda yezvipfeko. Mukuwedzera, tambo mbiri huru dzakasungirirwa kumativi ose ebhiriji.
Viaduct: chii uye kuti inovakwa sei
Izwi rokuti viaduct rakakamurwa kuita mazwi maviri "via" uye "duct". Yokutanga inotiudza nezvomugwagwa, nepo yechipiri ichitaura nezvokuvaka. Saka tinogona kutaura kuti viaduct chivakwa chakagadzirirwa kutenderera kwevanhu kungave netsoka kana nemotokari.
Kazhinji, rudzi urwu rwekuvaka runowanzove nehukuru hunotariswa kuitira kuti ivo vanonyanya kuyambutswa nemotokari. uye kwete zvikuru nevanhu vanofamba netsoka. Iyo viaducts inoitwa kuitira kubatanidza mapoinzi maviri ari ega achitsvaga kuchengetedza mipata kana mamwe marudzi etsaona dzenzvimbo.
Maviaducts echiRoma akavakwa nematombo ematombo uye arches, sezvatinoona mumigero. Nekufamba kwenguva, zvese izvi zvakashanduka uye zvakanyanya zvakanyanya nekusvika kwenjanji, zvekuti huni dzakatanga kutsiva dombo nekuda kwemitengo, sezvo huni hwaive hwakawandisa.
Iye zvino, Zvinhu zvinowanzoshandiswa pakuvaka viaducts zvakasimbiswa kongiri uye simbi. Imwe yedambudziko guru rinounzwa nerudzi urwu rwekuvaka kushaikwa kwerutsigiro kana chinhambwe chinofanira kuvharwa.
Misiyano mikuru pakati pebhiriji uye viaduct
Kana tangotsanangura kuti rimwe nerimwe remashoko maviri aya rinei, rinoita serakafanana, inguva yekuziva kuti misiyano yavo mikuru ndeipi uye nokudaro, kuziva kusiyanisa chimwe chivakwa kubva pane chimwe.
Musiyano wekutanga ndouyu mabhiriji anowanzo kuvakwa pamusoro pemvura mikuru kana zvipingamupinyi zvisingabvumiri kupfuura pazviri, saka vanopa nhanho pavari. Chimwe chinhu chinofanira kutariswa chiri mundima yehupfumi, sezvo bhiriji rinomiririra mari yakakura kwazvo kupfuura kuvakwa kwevhavha.
Viaducts anowanzo akasiyana mabhiriji akabatana kune mumwe nemumwe nearch bhiriji zvimiro.. Zvinowanzovakwa pamusoro pezvakasikwa kana zvimiro zvemuviri. Kusiyana nemabhiriji, viaducts anotsigirwa nearch yakagadzirwa nekongiri yakasimbiswa kana zviuru zvemakore apfuura nematombo.
Bhiriji uye viaduct zvakafanana kana zvakafanana maererano nechimiro, ndiko kuti, tinoreva dhizaini uye nzira yekuvaka. Musiyano wavo mukuru une chekuita nekuwedzera kwechimwe nechimwe chazvo uye nepamusoro padzinovakirwa.
Muchidimbu, zvese zvivakwa zvine longitudinal ine nzvimbo yakati sandara uye yakatsetseka iyo inoshandiswa senzira yekufambisa yemotokari kana vanhu. Iwo viaducts, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti anogona kunge ari pasi pevhu kana aerial, zvivakwa izvi zvinoedza kuvhara chinhambwe pakati pemapoinzi maviri. Zambuko, kune rumwe rutivi, chivakwa chipfupi-chinhambwe uye chine basa rekubatanidza mapoinzi maviri, asi kwete iro rekupedzisira kuenda.
Mabhiriji uye viaducts muSpain
Muchikamu chino chekupedzisira chatinozviwana tiri, Tiri kuzotaura nezve mabhiriji akasiyana uye viaducts atinogona kuwana mukati mehurefu nehupamhi hwenzvimbo yeSpanish.. Zvimwe zvezvivakwa zvauchaona mune inotevera runyorwa zvakakodzera kushanyira uye kufungisisa ukuru hwazvo.
Zambuko Idzva – Malaga
El chifananidzo chikuru cheRonda uye izvo, zvine mabviro ayo mugore ra1759.
Los Tilos Viaduct – La Palma
https://es.m.wikipedia.org/
Kuvaka nehurefu hwakazara hwe155 metres, inoyambuka mupata uye umo munogona kuonekwa kuti hamuna zvitsigiro zvepakati.
Biscay Bridge
https://www.bilbaobizkaiacard.com/
Ibhiriji rakasiyana, iro inobatanidza guta reGetxo nePortugal kuyambuka rwizi Nervión.
Montabliz Viaduct
https://es.wikipedia.org/
Mune ino kesi, Ichi chivakwa chakagadzirwa kuchengetedza kudzika kweRwizi rweBisueña, kumaodzanyemba kweSantander. Nehurefu hwakazara hwemamita 721 uye 150 metres kureba.
Roman Bridge yeCangas de Onís - Asturias
https://queverenasturias.es/
Imwe yemabhiriji akashanyirwa uye akatorwa mifananidzo muAsturias uye kunyange kubva kuSpain. Bhiriji rinoyambuka rwizi rweSella kuburikidza neguta reAsturian reCangas de Onís.
Lindin Viaduct
Nekureba kwemamita 757 uye kureba kunosvika 103 metres. Iyo yakavakirwa pamupata weAbidueiras rwizi.
Triana Bridge - Seville
https://www.elmundo.es/
Kune akati wandei mabhiriji anoyambuka rwizi rweGuadalquivir kuburikidza neguta reSeville, asi mazhinji Ndivo vanoti hapana akafanana naiye Triana.
Erques Viaduct
https://newsroom.ferrovial.com/
Mupata weErques wakapatsanura mataundi eAdeje neGuía de Isora, pane ichi chiitiko muna 2015, Erque viaduct yakavakwa iyo inobatanidza pfungwa mbiri zvakananga.
Sezvatakakwanisa kuona, pane misiyano midiki pakati pezvivakwa zviviri izvi, asi kwete maererano nechimiro chazvo sezvo mhando yebasa inoitwa. Zvose zviri zviviri zvivakwa zvinoshanda kubhiriji madaro pakati pemapoinzi maviri. Vanosiyana pakukura kwavo.
Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chatakuunzirai nhasi chichakunakidzai, pamusoro pekugadzirisa chero kusahadzika pamusoro pekuti chimwe nechimwe chezvivakwa izvi chinosanganisirei, uye kusiyana kwacho.