La viola cornuta, chirimwa chakanaka chinobva kuPyrenees neCantabrian Mountains, kuSpain. Inomira kunze kwekunhuhwirira kwayo, kutumbuka kunoshamisa mumatsutso, ichiva chimwe chete chinodyiwa uye chekushongedza nharaunda sezvo ichionekwa sechishongo chekushandisa. Ziva pano kutarisira kwavo uye nezvimwe zvakawanda.
viola cornuta
La viola cornuta, chirimwa chisingaperi, zvinoreva kuti chinogona kurarama kwemakore anopfuura maviri, nekuda kwekukura kwayo kwemidzi. Iyo inobatsira kuti itore nyore mvura uye chikafu kubva kune substrate, izvo zvakajairika Plant nutrition process. Saizvozvo, inozivikanwa nemazita e "Violeta de los Pirineos", "Violeta" uye "Pensamiento mini" (nekuda kwekufanana kwayo nePansy chirimwa).
Inowanikwa kuPyrenees, makomo ari munzvimbo yekuchamhembe kweIberian Peninsula, ine muganho wechisikigo nenyika dzeFrance neSpain. Saizvozvo, inozvarwa kuMakomo eCantabrian, ari kuchamhembe kweIberian Peninsula. Chinhu chinokatyamadza ndechekuti inosanganisirwa mu "Red List" yeAngorra, maererano nekufunga kweInternational Union for the Conservation of Nature.
Zvakajairika kuona Viola cornuta, munzvimbo dzine makwenzi, pakati pematombo kana matombo uye pane huswa. Kureba kwechirimwa kunobva pamasendimita makumi matatu, maruva ayo ari pakati pe30 ne2 centimita, nepo mapeti ayo anoyera pakati pe4 ne1,5 masendimita. Humwe hunhu hwayo hunoshamisa nderekuti inokwanisa kushingirira tembiricha dziri pakati -1,9°C kusvika -7°C, mamiriro anoita kuti ive yakanaka.
Kunhuhwirira kwayo chimwe chinhu chisingaendi zvisina kucherechedzwa, pamwe nerunako rwayo hukuru uye mhenyu bicolors, kunyanya kuwana misanganiswa yeyero, yebhuruu uye yakasviba violet tones. Iko kunze kwekuve chirimwa chekushandiswa kwakajairwa kwekushongedza, mapeti emaruva ayo chikamu chekushongedza gastronomic uye anotodyiwa.
Kuberekwazve kweViola cornuta
La viola cornuta Inoratidzwa nekuita kubereka kuburikidza nembeu, kunyanya mumwedzi inotaurwa kumwaka wechirimo kana wezhizha. Mune chinhu chimwe chete chinodiwa ndechekuisa mugirazi rine mvura uye mushure memaminitsi mashomanana, mbeu dzakanyura chete dzichatorwa.
Izvi zvinofanirwa kuiswa, nechinhambwe pakati pavo, pane substrate yemadzinde, yaimbova yakanyorova, inogona kuiswa nyore muhari kana seedling tray. Gare gare ivo vakafukidzwa nekamwe substrate, kudiridza uye kuiswa munzvimbo ine zuva rakananga, kana chiri chirimo, kana munzvimbo ine shaded, kana iri zhizha. Tichifunga kuti mukati memavhiki maviri anenge amera. Munguva iyi, zvakakosha kuona kuti substrate inogara yakanyorova.
Nguva yakanakisa ye transplant
Chirimwa cheViola cornuta chine nguva yakanaka yekudyara kune yakananga substrate muvhu, mwaka wechirimo. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana chikonzero chacho chiri kuiswa kuhari huru, nguva yacho inoratidza, apo midzi inobuda kuburikidza nemakomba emvura. Inogonawo kunge iri sarudzo, kana chirimwa chine kureba kuri pakati pe5 ne10 masendimita.
Taxonomic kupatsanura
Dyara viola cornuta, inowana mutsara wayo wetaxonomic kubva kuSweden sainzi Carlos Linneo, uyo akamira kunze kwekuve nyanzvi yebotanist, naturalist uye zoologist. Izvi zvakauya kuzozvipa mugore ra1753, kuburikidza nebhuku rake "Species Plantarum", ichipa iyo inotevera data:
- Humambo: Plantae
- Chikamu: Magnoliophyta
- Kirasi: Magnoliopsida
- Order: Malpighiales
- Mhuri: Violaceae
- Genre: Viola
- Zvisikwa: V. cornuta
Hunhu hweViola cornuta
Pakati pezvakakodzera maitiro echirimwa viola cornuta, zvinotevera zvinowanikwa:
- Icho chirimwa chisingaperi, ndiko kuti, chine hupenyu hweanopfuura makore maviri.
- Icho chikamu chezvinomera zvakafanira kurimwa zvose muhari uye muvhu rakananga.
- Kukwezva kwayo kukuru, kunze kwekunhuhwirira kwayo kwakanakisa, maruva ayo anopa munguva yechando.
- Mashizha echirimwa anowanzoita oblong.
- Vanoda nzvimbo dzebindu dzine chiitiko chezuva.
- Mapeti emaruva ayo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muhaute cuisine, pamwe nepastry, kwete kungoshongedza chete. Nekuti zvinotodyiwa, zvine muto wakapfava.
- Maruva ayo anowanzoita bicolored.
- Inopararira kuburikidza ne rhizomes.
- Mamiriro ekunze ayo akanaka ndeaya ari pakati pekutonhorera nekunyorova.
- Iyo substrate iyo inorimwa inofanira kuva nemvura yakanaka uye yakapfuma mune organic zvinhu, uye inofanirawo kuchengetwa yakanyorova.
- Iyo yakakwana pH haina kwayakarerekera, ichigoneka kusvika kune alkaline.
Tsanangudzo yemaruva ayo nemashizha
Maruva ayo anomira zvakanaka nokuda kwokunhuhwirira kwawo. Kazhinji inouya mumumvuri wepepuru yakasviba, yebhuruu, kirimu, kana yero. Ikoko iyo bicolor toni ndiyo inonyanya kushamisa, maruva munyaya iyi ane mavara makuru eyero, bhuruu uye violet nenzira yakabatanidzwa.
Kuve yakajairika, yakasviba violet padivi peyero, yero padivi pebhuruu uye lavender padivi peyero. Ikoko kukura kwayo kunosvika pakati pe 2 ne 4 centimita. Imo mapeti ayo anosvika pakati pe 1,5 ne 1,9 centimita.
dyara mashizha viola cornuta, vane kuberekwa kwavo kubva pasi pehumwechete uye kumashure vane mvere. Nekune rumwe rutivi, chimiro chadzo chakaita oblong, zvinoreva kuti dzakareba kudarika dzakafara. Vane petiole, iyo inopindirana neyo appendix iyo inobatana nayo stem.
Viola cornuta care
Pakati pekutanga kana kwakakosha kutarisirwa kweiyo viola cornuta zvinotevera:
- Nzvimbo: Inoratidzwa nekuve chirimwa chinoda mweya mutsva uye chiedza chepanyama, saka inofanira kunge iri munzvimbo dzekunze, ingave yakasimwa muvhu kana muhari. Asi, kana ichi chinodiwa chisipo, ingangoita nzvimbo inokwana mwenje wechisikigo unosvika paikoko.
- Substratum: Kana iyo substrate iri yepoto, yepasirese inokurudzirwa, iyo yekuigadzirisa, pakati pe20 ne30% perlite uye yakawedzera ivhu (kana yakafanana) inogona kuwedzerwa, iyo inorerutsa mvura. Panyaya yebindu, izvo zvinodiwa ndeye nyore-kudonhedza substrate isingakonzere kudonha kwemvura uye kuti pH haina kwayakarerekera, kana alkaline.
- Kudiridza: Kudiridza iyo Viola cornuta chirimwa chinowanzoda ndeye 1 kusvika ka2 pasvondo. Asi kana, pane zvinopesana, mwaka uchipisa, inoda kuwedzerwa kudiridza kwe3 kusvika ku4 nguva pavhiki. Zvakakosha kuratidza kuti kudiridza kunoitwa chete pane substrate, pasina nguva pamashizha uye zvishoma pamaruva. kufanira kusiirwa zvakakwana Humidity, asi pasina mafashamo.
- Vanyoreri: Zvinokurudzirwa kuzviita ne organic fertilizer, mazuva ose gumi kusvika ku10, kubva pakutanga kwechirimo kusvika pakupera kwematsutso. Fetereza yakanaka ndeye organic compound, guano kana algae fetireza.
- Kuchekerera: Kuchekerera kweViola cornuta hakusungirwi, zvinongodiwa chete kubvisa mashizha kana maruva anoratidzika akaoma, akaoma, ane chero chiratidzo chekuora kana chirwere. Izvi zvinoitwa nyore uchishandisa chigero chakambocheneswa, nechinangwa chekuti chirimwa chisakanganiswa nebhakitiriya, mavhairasi kana fungi.
Zvipembenene zvinorwisa Viola cornuta
Kunyange chirimwa viola cornuta, inoratidzirwa nekuve sezviri pachena yakasimba uye yakasimba, kune zvipembenene zvinogona kuirwisa, uko zvinowanzova makonye nemaaphid. Nekudaro, icho hachisi chikonzero chekuvhunduka, nekuti mhinduro iri mukuwedzera diatomaceous pasi, iyo inonzvenga zvipembenene izvi zvinobudirira.
Diatomaceous Earth inoumbwa nemubatanidzwa wefossilized microscopic algae kwavanosanganisa silica, nekudaro vachigadzira yakanakisa mishonga yezvipembenene. Kazhinji inonatswa 35 gramu parita remvura. Izvi zvinouraya chipembenene ichi nekuti chinochipedza mvura kusvika chafa.
Viola cornuta zvirwere
Zvirwere zvinogona kurwisa viola cornuta, inongoratidza chete kana kuvapo mushure mekudiridza kwenguva refu uye kudzokorora. Mune izvo, kunyangwe zvisiri zvakajairika, avo vanouya kuzotambura ndivo:
- Alternariosis (blackhead, bold, late blight kana alternaria)
- cercospora
Izvo zvinobatwa nenzira yefungus inokonzera mashizha emuti, mavara akatenderera uye inzwi rakasviba, pakati pebrown nedema. Kuve kurapa kwakaringana, shandisa fungicides ine musanganiswa wemhangura.
