Victorian Orchard Iye munhu ane dhigirii rakasimba rehungwaru, akaberekerwa muMexico, aine chinzvimbo chemauto cheGeneral, uye akaita zvematongerwo enyika, achiva mutungamiri weMexico. Kuzivikanwa nevateveri vazhinji uye kusemeswa nevamwe.
Biography yaVictoriano Huerta
José Victoriano Huerta Márquez akaberekwa muna Zvita 22, 1850 mutaundi reColotlán, riri kuchamhembe kwedunhu reJalisco, kuMexico. Vabereki vake vaive Jesús Huerta Córdoba naMaría Lázara vanobva kuMárquez Villalobos Shelter.
Akaroora munaNovember 21, 1880, muMexico City, naEmilia Águila Moya, waakaita naye vana vakati wandei: Celia, Jorge, Elena, Dagoberto, Luz, María del Carmen, Eva, María Elisa, Víctor.
Victoriano Huerta aive injinjiniya wekuMexico uye murume wemauto, purezidhendi weMexico pakati pa1913 na1914 semugumisiro wekuvhota. Rudzi rweIndia rwakayerera mumajeni ake, kwete chikonzero chakamutadzisa kudzidza paMilitary College yeChapultepec, akapedza kudzidza muna 1876, semutungamiriri.
Mushure mekuwana dhigirii, akatumirwa kuCorps of Engineers yeMexico Cartography Commission, kwaakaita mabasa munzvimbo yetypography munharaunda yePueblo uye State of Veracruz, panguva iyoyo kuchengeterwa omakore masere akazvipira kuutungamiri uhu.
Mumakore akatevera ehupenyu hwake akabata zvinzvimbo zvakasiyana mukati mechikamu cheGeneral Staff, mune yekupedzisira pasi pekuraira kwaPorfirio Díaz. Akanga ari murume ane ruzivo rwakakura mukuvimbika, kutengesa uye zvisingazivikanwi zvinopoteredza hupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika. Mugore rino 1902, akakwidziridzwa kuva brigadier general muhurumende yePorfirio Díaz.
Victoriano Huerta, ari pasi pemirairo yaGeneral Ignacio A. Bravo, muna 1903, akapinda mukudzorera maIndia eMayan, uye gare gare izvo zvaakauraya kwemakore anoverengeka mukuzviisa pasi kwemaIndia eYankee eHurumende yeSonora.
Mugore ra1910 akatora zvakananga murairo wekudzvinyirira chisimba cheZapatistas muMorelos neGuerrero. Iko kusanganiswa kwechisimba, hutsinye uye kupandukira kunoshandiswa mumakwikwi anopesana nevekuzvarwa kunopa hutongi hwehutongi uye hunosiririsa kune ramangwana rinoshungurudza mumutungamiri weMexico, pamwe nekuti ropa reIndia rinoyerera nemutsinga dzake. Mukucherechedza basa rake, Victoriano Huerta akapiwa chinzvimbo cheBrigadier General.
Hurumende yePorfirio Díaz mukati memakore 1876 kusvika 1911, yakatsoropodza hutongi hwake hwehudzvanyiriri, uko kufa kwemupurazi uye muzvinabhizimusi, Francisco I. Madero, kwakavapo muAntireelection Campaign, kwakamukurudzira kuti atore chikamu muchirongwa ichi. kurwisana nehurumende, asi, zvisati zvaitika, akakumbira kuuto kuti asunungurwe, izvo zvakarambwa.
Kuputika kweChimurenga cheMexico, chiitiko chakaitika musi waNovember 20, 1910, kwakatungamirira kukundika nokukurumidza kweuto romudzvinyiriri. Asi nekuda kwehunhu hwake, maitiro uye kufunga kwake, Huerta akave munhu akakosha mukati mekomisheni yaizofanira kuenda naPorfirio Díaz mukutapwa.
Munguva yekushanda kwechinguvana muhofisi yaFrancisco León de la Barra, uye kusvika pakugadzwa kwaFrancisco I. Madero, akashandiswa kubva muna 1911 kusvika 1913, Victoriano Huerta, akanga akazvipira zvizere kurwisana neruncor uye kushingirira kurwisana nevateveri veshanduko yezvekurima Emiliano Zapata. .
Muna Mbudzi 1911, mushure mekunge Francisco I. Madero atora chigaro chemutungamiri weRepublic, General Huerta akasarudza kusiya basa rechiuto, zvisinei, akazogutsikana kuti aenderere mberi nehondo yekurwisa vatungamiriri vezvekurima: Pascual Orozco naEmiliano Zapata, ari wekupedzisira. veava, vakagadzira Chirongwa cheAyala, chiri chirongwa chezvematongerwo enyika chine zvinyorwa zvinoda shanduko yekukurumidza yenyika dzechivanhu, dzakatorerwa kubva kwavari pasi pekuraira kwaPorfirio Díaz.
Victoriano Huerta yakavambwa muTorreón, guta riri mudunhu reCoahuila, riri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweMexico, inodaidzwa kuti Northern Division, ichikwanisa kukunda maOrozquistas muConejos, Rellano, La Cruz naBachimba, ichiva chikamu chimwe chete kubva pakuponda. mukurumbira Pancho Villa.
Pasina mazuva mashoma gare gare, mushure mekukundwa kwePascual Orozco, General Huerta, pamwe nemauto, vakave hwaro hwekutanga hwehutungamiriri hwaMadero kuti hurambe huchishanda, nekuda kwehukama hwake hwekuchengetedza uye pamwe nekupindira mukuvharirwa kwezvombo. yevanopesana nemaderistas, yakaiswa nehurumende yeNorth America. Mumwedzi waSeptember, Madero akamugadza seMunyori weHondo muguta guru renyika uye akakwanisa kutonga kumukira kutsva.
The Tragic Gumi: zviitiko zvechisimba
Nekuda kwezviitiko zvechimbichimbi zvakaitika mune inodaidzwa kuti Makore gumi eNjodzi, yakagadzirwa kubva munaFebruary 9 kusvika 13, 1913, nzira yenyika yeAztec inofanira kushandurwa zvachose.
Pana February 9, 1913, kumukira kwechipiri kwechimurenga kwakatanga, vachitungamirirwa neGeneral Reyes naMondragón. Mushure mekutora dare rejeri nekumisa General Félix Díaz akasununguka, Victoriano Huerta akangwara, achinyepedzera kuti aitsigira Mutungamiriri webumbiro remitemo, Madero, akagadzwa naye seMutungamiriri Wemauto weMexico City, achitsiva General Laura Villar, akafa panguva yehondo.
Zvichakadaro, Huerta, munzvimbo yake sechinzvimbo chaakabata, akaronga kutengesa, chiitiko chinomuratidza munhoroondo yenyika. Anosangana muchivande nevanorangana uye gare gare nemumiriri weUnited States, Henry Lane Wilson, Huerta anoita chirongwa chekudzivirira kusimbiswa kwaFelipe Ángeles kubva pakusvika muguta guru uye kutanga mhirizhonga.
Achishandisa sechikonzero chinovapa dziviriro, Huerta akabata Madero pamwe chete nemutevedzeri wake wemutungamiri wenyika, ainzi Pino Suárez, waakatendisa kusiya zvinzvimbo zvavo, achivapa vimbiso yekuti vaizosiya guta guru vasina kukuvara.
Kusiya kwake basa pakwakaitwa pachena kunhengo dzeCongress, vakabva vangogadza Pedro Lascuráin semutungamiri wenguva pfupi, ane hurumende yakagara nguva pfupi yemaminetsi makumi mana neshanu, zvakafanira kusiya hutungamiriri, uku General Victoriano Huerta akasiya chigaro. chemutungamiri webumbiro remitemo.
Kubva panguva iyoyo, kuna Madero naPino Suárez, mazuva akaverengwa. Zvino, musi waFebruary 22, mhondi dzaHuerta dzakatarisira vezvematongerwo enyika vaviri, kunyange zvazvo kusiri kure nejeri reCapital District, vakaparadzwa nepfuti.
Tichifunga nezvechokwadi, kuti varuramise kuponda, vakapa seshanduro yepamutemo, tsika yemutemo wekupukunyuka, ichisimbisa kuti vezvematongerwo enyika vaviri vaive vafa nekuda kwekupindirana kwepfuti nemauto ehondo nemakororo akaedza kuvasunungura.
Mutungamiri weVictoriano Huerta -1913-1914
Akangwara Victoriano Huerta, zvishoma nezvishoma anosundira parutivi vakwikwidzi vake vakanyanya kukosha, anotsvaga kupatsanura vanopikisa uye akapokana neChamber of Deputies, achizopedzisira agadza muRepublic hurumende yemauto ine ropa rekubata, iyo yakatanga kuve nekubatana kwevazhinji vepakati makirasi. .
Zvisinei, gare gare zvakazoonekwa kuti yakanga yakaparadzana kupfuura bumbiro remitemo, raitongwa naVenustiano Carranza, uyo aiva nekubatana kwevarimi vePancho Villa naEmiliano Zapata, vachiwana kukunda kwakadzokororwa kwemauto.
Sezviri pachena, mamiriro ake ezvematongerwo enyika akanga akavakirwa pakugara asingagumi musimba, pasinei nemutengo waizomubhadhara, iyo yakanga izere nezvikanganiso, uye mushure mekuzvidza mumwe wevanhu vezvematongerwe enyika vakamutsigira, General Félix Díaz, uye kunyangarika The congress. .
Vakwikwidzi vatsva vakaumbwa nezviitiko zvakaita se "levas", zvinoreva kumanikidzwa kutorwa kwevanhu kuti vashande muchiuto, yevagari vane runyararo, kuvatora sefodya ye cannon, pamwe nerufu rwevatevedzeri: Rendón, Domínguez. uye Gurrón, nedzimwe nyanzvi, varidzi vemabhizinesi nevashandi vehurumende.
Kuna Victoriano Huerta, mhosva yake yakakomba yaive kurwisa zvido zveUS nekuita danho rekubvuma kupihwa kweBritish kwakabatana nemafuta emafuta. Panguva iyoyo, mutungamiri weNorth America Democratic, Woodrow Wilson, akasarudza kubvisa rutsigiro rwaHuerta uye kutora mukana wakavhurika kune vapanduki vebumbiro.
Zvino, pamberi pekugara kweVeracruz, nekuda kwekuvapo kweUS Marines, uye kusati kwapera mauto emubatanidzwa aHuerta muZacatecas, ari pasi pePancho Villa, Mutungamiri Victoriano Huerta akapa kusiya chigaro kwake. mumaoko egweta Francisco S. Carvajal, uye akatanga nekutapwa kwake, kwakatanga kuenda kuLondon uye gare gare kuSpain.
Zvichakadaro, Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga yakanga izere, uye vamiriri veGermany: Franz von Rintelen naFranz von Papen, vakaronga chero huwandu hwehupfumi nehondo, kuitira kuti adzokere kuMexico, kunze kwekutora mukana wekupikisa kwemukati. Constitutionalism, uye ichadzokera kusimba zvakare, mukutsinhana nekuzivisa hondo neUnited States.
Ipapo, Victoriano Huerta, akasarudza kukwira muguta reCádiz achienda kuNew York uko akasungwa ari pamwe chete naPascual Orozco, pavakanga vari pachiteshi chechitima cheNewman muNew Mexico, vachipomerwa mhosva yokudyidzana vachitsigira Germany.
Asi, nekuda kwehutano hwake husina kusimba, akasunungurwa papurazi raaiva naro muEl Paso, Texas, asi mushure mokunge Orozco atiza, Victoriano Huerta akavharirwa mujeri remauto reFort Bliss, kwaakagomera kwekupedzisira nekuda kwechiropa chechiropa. , pana January 13, 1916.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti hunhu Victoriano Huerta, hazvisi nyore kunyangarika kubva rima nhoroondo mamiriro ezvinhu zvechisimba akazunungusa Mexico nevagari vayo muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri iyo yakaratidza nhoroondo yayo.
Hunhu hwaVictoriano Huerto hwakatorwa munhoroondo yeMexico semunyori wekutengesa kukuru kwakagumisa kuvepo kweMadero, pamwe netarisiro yakaitwa mumazuva iwayo kunakidzwa nechirongwa chemazuva ano.
Victoriano Huerta, akanakidzwa neunyanzvi hukuru uye hunyengeri, izvo zvakamuita kuti aite nehurongwa, kutendeseka kwake kwakafananidzirwa uye kuvimbika nechishuvo chekugadza simba idzva, kukwanisa kwake kuzvisimbisa panzvimbo yakarurama uye panguva yakanakisisa.
Nekupi kwerufu rwezvematongerwo enyika rwakaunza pasina kukahadzika kuti pakarepo kuisire hutongi hweropa uye zvakare neinvestimenti inooneka, nenzira yepamutemo, vakamushandura kuva munhu ane makaro wechiuto, chidhakwa chisingafungidziki, akakodzera kuuraya nyika nekuda kwezvido zvake zvinosiririsa .
Nhaka yaVictoriano Huerta
Nezve chinhu ichi, kutaura kudiki kwakanaka kunogona kuitwa nezve hunhu hwaHuerta. Kunyangwe zviitiko zvechimurenga zvisati zvaitika, aive murume airambwa nevakawanda nekuda kwekutsiura kwake hutsinye zvizvarwa zvemo munyika yese yeAztec.
Akaramba achitora nzira isiri iyo, akadzivirira hudzvanyiriri hwakaipa hwaPorfirio Díaz, pamberi pekurangana kwekukunda Madero, ari mumwe wevasingawanzo uye vechokwadi vanoona nezvechimurenga.
Akanga ari mutungamiriri aikwanisa, sezvinopupurirwa nokukunda kwake kwechiuto, zvisinei, vateveri vake vakanga vasingamudi, nepo vadzivisi vake vakamubvisa chose chose.
Akakwanisa kuita chimwe chinhu chisina mumwe munhu akanga aita: akaita kuti Zapata, Villa, Obregón naCarranza vashande pamwechete. Nepo vatungamiri vevapanduki ava vakangobvuma kuti: Huerta akanga asina kukodzera kuva mutungamiri wenyika. Kutaura zvazviri, Huerta anovengwa nevaMexico.
Zvido zvehupenyu hwake
Victoriano Huerta, akanga ari munhu akapiwa kudhakwa, izvo akazova chidhakwa. Hunhu hwaive husiri chipingamupinyi kuti arambe aine maitiro ake emanomano. Shamwari dzake dzinoti paainyanya kunwa, zvaiita sokuti pfungwa dzake dzave nani uye dzakajeka.