Kuburikidza nechinyorwa ichi chinonakidza, iwe unozogona kuziva zvese nezve izvo zvakajairwa Zvipfeko de Mekisiko, kuvarume nevakadzi. Usarega kuiverenga! uye tsvaga kuti zvipfeko zvemamwe matunhu eMexico ndezvipi.
Zvipfeko zvakajairika zveMexico nedunhu
Zvipfeko zvakakurumbira zveMexico ndiko kubudirira kwemubatanidzwa pakati pevagari venzvimbo neveSpanish, pamwe chete nemasara evaIndia, maAztec, maMayans nemamwe madzinza echivanhu. Mupfekero wakajairika unomiririra kwete chete tsika yenyika, asiwo tsika dzevanhu vanopfuura mamirioni makumi matanhatu muMexico.
Aguascalientes
Aguascalientes inyika muMexico umo National Fair yeSan Marcos inomira pachena, inoitika gore rega rega pakati pemwedzi waApril naMay.
Makwikwi anoitirwa ipapo anopa mubayiro chipfeko chakanakisa uye, nekudaro, zvipfeko zvinoonekwa mubato rakataurwa ndizvo zvakanyanyisa, zvine mavara uye zvinoshamisa. Vanoratidza zvipfeko zvevakadzi, avo vanopedza nguva yakawanda uye vanopinda mumakwikwi aya.
Kunyangwe iwe uchigona kuwana zvipfeko zvakasiyana siyana, iyo yakajairika dhizaini yakagadzirwa naJorge Campos Espino uye yakatakura zvakasiyana siyana zvekushongedza, izvo zvinoreva kuti hapana chimwe chezvipfeko izvi chinoshaya hukuru hwakakura hwemagadzirirwo anomiririra zvese kubva kumhuka kusvika kumichero, zvese izvo zvichiri zvakaitwa nemaoko. Sutu yevakadzi inogara iine mutsipa wakakwirira, maoko akareba pamapfudzi uye yakasimba kwazvo pachiuno.
Chiapas
Chipfeko chinomiririra zvakanyanya cheChiapas ndecheChiapaneca, kubva kukanzuru yeChiapa de Corzo. Zvinonzi chipfeko ichi, chakagadzirwa nemaruva ane mavara ane mavara paganda dema kana rima, pakutanga rakagadzirwa senzira yekumiririra sango nemaruva ayo anoyevedza, ayo mavara anobuda.
Chipfeko chine satin blouse ine semicircular neckline inosiya mapendekete akavhurika. Chikamu chezasi, siketi, yakashongedzwa nemaruva ane mavara, pakati peorenji, pink, bhuruu uye machena mavara anotungamira.
Kugadzirwa kwesutu iyi kunoda maruva embroidery, shinda yesilika inoshandiswa, saka maitiro ekugadzira akareba uye anoda kushivirira kwakawanda.
Iyo quechquémitl inofananidzwawo, rudzi rwegumbeze kana poncho inoiswa pachikamu chepamusoro chemuviri uye nekupinzwa kwemusoro.
Inotaridzawo machira uye mapatani echinyakare dhirezi remuchato kubva kukanzuru yeZinacantan, zvakare iri muChiapas.
Chichen Itza
Nzvimbo yekuchera matongo yeChichen Itza iri muYucatan Peninsula uye chikamu chenhaka yekuzvarwa iyo yakasara kusvika nhasi.
Nechikonzero ichi, vagari vakapoteredza vane tsika dzechivanhu dzinobva mutsika dzemadzinza dzakachengetwa munzvimbo iyi.
Naizvozvo, zvipfeko zvinoratidzirwa nezvipfeko umo pasina kushaikwa kwemaruva embroidery ane yakafara color palette pane chena kumashure. Zvipfeko zvevakadzi zvinogona kuwanikwa mumarudzi akawanda, asi zvinogara zvichimira nechinhu chimwe chikuru: zvakagadzirirwa pachiuno.
Guadalajara
Muguta reGuadalajara (Jalisco, Mexico), zvipfeko zvevarume nevakadzi zvinonzi charro suit, kunyange zvazvo zita iri richizivikanwa munyika yose nokuti zvipfeko izvi zvakafamba pasi rose.
Kana ari mukadzi ane magumbeze akareba zvekusvika pamakumbo. Siketi yacho yakafukidzwa nemicheka yakagadzirwa neyakachinjika-stitch tekinoroji nenzira ine mutsara uye neshinda dzemhando dzakasiyana dzemavara.
Iyo yevarume inogona kuve yakajairwa mariachi, iyo nhema, inowedzera mavara uye inosanganisira charro ngowani, kana inogona kusanganisira imwe mhando yeponcho yakagadzirwa nemvere dzemakwai, llama, alpaca kana imwe shinda yemvere. mhuka.
Poncho iyi ine pakavhurika pakati panopinzwa musoro uye kazhinji ine mitsetse mikobvu kana mamwe mapatani ane mavara akasiyana.
Mumabviro ayo, poncho, iyo yava kushandiswa muLatin America yose, yaishandiswa nemaIndia, mestizos, vachena, gauchos, nezvimwewo. uye richiri kuchengetedzwa nanhasi.
Hidalgo
MuHidalgo, kune nzvimbo nhatu umo hutsika hunozivikanwa hunosiyaniswa netsika dzayo uye tsika, pakati pezvipfeko zvinomira. Saka, tinowana matunhu matatu akasiyana: Sierra Tepehua, Mezquital Valley uye Huasteca.
VaTepehua iboka remadzinza ane zvipfeko zvechinyakare zvinoratidzwa nekugadzirirwa mamiriro ekunze anodziya, saka igumbeze rinenge rinogara richisanganisira mucheka mutsvuku, kunyangwe shinda yegirinhi inogona kushandiswawo.
Pamusoro peMupata weMezquital, chipfeko chacho chakangofanana nechenharaunda yeSierra Tepehua, sezvo yakagadzirwawo negumbeze, asi iyo embroidery inoshandisa inonzi pepenado uye inogona kuwanikwa mumucheka mutsvuku uye mutsvuku. , bhuruu, girini, nezvimwewo
Ichi chimiro chekushongedza chinomiririra hunhu hwechivanhu senge Nahui Ollin kana Chinicuil. Pakupedzisira, nzvimbo yeHuasteca inosanganisira kuchamhembe kweVeracruz, kumaodzanyemba kweTamaulipas, zvikamu zveSan Luis Potosí neHidalgo, uye Sierra Gorda yeQuerétaro.
Iyo yekupedzisira inodzorwa nekupisa uye kunyorova kwemamiriro ekunze panguva imwe chete, saka iyo yakajairwa hembe ine blouse chena ine maoko mapfupi pane iyo maruva-emipendero akarukwa nemavara asingaverengeki.
Michoacán
Tsika yedunhu reMexico reMichoacán inozivikanwa seTarascan kana Purépache tsika, yaitovepo munguva dzepamberi peColumbian, makore akapoteredza 1200 BC.
Naizvozvo, maPurépechas emazuva ano ane tsika dzechivanhu pakati pavo pasina kushomeka kwezvipfeko zvakajairika, mhedzisiro yemabasa akasiyana ehunyanzvi anoitwa nevagari venharaunda ino.
Kutaurwa kwakakosha kunokodzera chipfeko chevakadzi, icho chine siketi uye shati. Kana ari masiketi, kune marudzi maviri:
- Sabanilla: imhando yerectangular canvas yakagadzirwa nemvere dzemakwai uye yakarukwa nemaoko. Upamhi hwayo hwakamboshandiswa sepokugara panguva yehusiku hunotonhora hwechando, nekudaro zita rekuti sabanilla. Masikati, siketi iyi inoshanda sejasi uye yakavharwa muchiuno nebhandi.
- Zagalejo: Yakagadzirwawo nemvere dzemakwai uye inosiyana nesabanilla nokuti ine bhandi redonje rine ruvara rwakajeka pamusoro, iro rinosiyana nebhendi riri pasi, iro rakajeka muvara.
Shirts inogona kuwanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kunyange zvichida iyo yakajairika ndiyo inopeta pamusoro pechipfuva uye kumashure uye yakashongedzwa nemashoko machena kana mavara.
Nayarit
MaIndia eCora neHuichol akatsigira tsika yavo kwezviuru zvemakore, uye nhasi chipfeko chechirume cheNayarit ndecheHuichol, chinobva mutsika yekugadzira uye hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwenharaunda iyi.
Vakadzi veHuichol vanozivikanwa kuve varuki vepamusoro muMexico, zvakanyanya nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwavo hwehunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi hwemanyorero, zvichikonzera zvipfeko zvemakushe zvinoshamisa zvine madhizaini akasiyana. Sutu yevarume inoratidzirwa nekushandiswa kwegumbeze jena uye shati, iyo cuffs yakazaruka uye yakashongedzwa nemaitiro ekuenzanisa mumarudzi akasiyana.
Kana iri chipfeko chechikadzi, chinosanganisira blouse remuvara mumwe chete unosanganisira kunze uye mukati memvura uye kune iyo inowedzerwa cape inovhara musoro uye mabhesi ehuro.
Oaxaca
Kunyange zvazvo zvipfeko zvese zvemuMexico zvinoonekwa nemavara mazhinji, zvipfeko zvinopfekwa nevakadzi venzvimbo iyi zvimwe ndizvo zvine mavara kupfuura ese. Mune madhirezi aya, musanganiswa wetsika dzechivanhu uye nzira dzekugadzira dzekoloni dzinosangana, senge bobbin lace kana Flemish Dutch, pakati pevamwe.
Mudunhu reJamiltepec kunyanya, zvipfeko zvine huwandu hwakawanda hwezviratidzo zvekuzvarwa, sezuva, nyeredzi uye mamwe maumbirwo ejometri anowanzo kuyeuchidza dandemutande kana madzvinyu. Iyo yakajairika kana yakamonereka siketi inonzi pozahuanco.
Puebla
Iyo quintessential yakajairika chipfeko chevakadzi mudunhu rePuebla chinozivikanwa sechina poblana, iyo inogadzirwa, kumusoro, yebhurauzi jena-rakachekwa, rinoratidza chikamu chemutsipa uye kuputika. Ruvara rwayo rwakachena uye rune mavara-embroidery, ayo anowanzo muchimiro cheruva. Kuzasi, mukadzi anopfeka siketi inonzi beaver, nekuda kwemucheka wainogadzirwa.
Iyi siketi, iyo inogonawo kunzi zagalejo, ine mitsara miviri: yekutanga, iyo yepamusoro, iyo inoyera inenge 25 cm uye yakagadzirwa necalico kana chigaro chegirini (chinonzi corte); chechipiri, iyo yakadzika pasi, iyo yakafukidzwa ne sequin mapatani uye inosvika pamakumbo.
Saltillo
Huwandu hweSaltillo ndiro guta guru redunhu reCoahuila de Zaragoza uye ane chipfeko chechirume chinozivikanwa nezita rekuti sarape kana jorongo.
Imhando yeponcho yave ichishandiswa kubva payakatangira sepokugara, sezvo yakagadzirwa neshinda yedonje kana mvere dzemakwai. Tanda, sezvinenge zvese zvakajairwa zvipfeko zveMexico, zvine mavara mazhinji uye mapatani akarukwa akasiyana uye akavhurika kune fungidziro.
Kana zviri zvezvipfeko zvevakadzi, zvinoratidzirwa nemabhuruku akavezwa uye akaputika anogona kuwanikwa mumarudzi asingagumi uye nekushongedza kwemaruva kana mamwe maitiro ejometri.
Yucatán
Sutu yechikadzi yeYucatan inonzi terno nekuda kwezvidimbu zvitatu zvinoigadzira: fustán, huipil uye doublet. Fustán (inonzi pico muMayan) ndiyo iri chikamu chezasi uye ine rudzi rwesiketi yakagadziridzwa kusvika muchiuno uye inosvika kutsoka.
Iyi siketi yakatanga kubva panguva yevakadzi veMayan. The doublet ndiyo square necklace inoiswa pahuipil, rinova rokwe chena pacharo. Mukuwedzera, chipfeko ichi chinopedzwa nemhando ye shawl inonzi rebozo de Santa María uye filigree rosary, yakagadzirwa nemaoko neYuctaec vapfuri vegoridhe.
Veracruz
Chipfeko chakajairika cheVeracruz (Mexico) chinomira pachena nekuti chichena chinotungamira ipapo, ingave iri yezvipfeko zvechirume kana zvechikadzi, uye inonzi sutu yejarocho.
Rokwe revakadzi rine siketi refu, yakafara inovhara zvitsitsinho, uye muruvara ruchena rusina kwazvakarerekera, lace kana embroidery inosonwa nemavara akasiyana. Apron kana apron inoiswa pamusoro pesiketi iyi, iyo inowanzova yakasviba, yakasvibirira kana burgundy uye jira iri velvet.
Iyi apron inogona zvakare kuve yakashongedzwa zvinyorwa mumavara akasiyana. Kumusoro kwakafanana ruvara uye kunogona kana kusave nemaoko.
Chekupedzisira, inosanganisirawo sirika shawl iyo inowanzo yero ine chena ruzivo uye inogona kunge iine mipendero kana zvimwe zvekushongedza zvinhu.
Chipfeko chechirume, kune rumwe rutivi, chine bhurugwa jena nehembe zvakare yeruvara urwu, iyo inofanirwa kugara iine homwe ina (inonzi mabhegi munharaunda) uye mapete mana kana kupeta kumberi uye mamwe matanhatu kumashure.
zvipfeko zveMexico
Kana tikangoenda, chipfeko cheMexico chakajairwa musanganiswa wetsika dzechiSpanish nedzechivanhu semaAztec, maMayans nemamwe mapoka emadzitateguru. Sutu yeCharro ndiyo inonyanya kumiririra nyika.
Pakutanga, yaisiyanisa magariro evashandirwi nevashandi vavo vavanovimba navo kubva kune evamwe varimi. Sutu yacho ine ngowani, bhurugwa, shati kana vest, bhutsu dzemakumbo, tayi yeshawl, uye bhachi.
Vakapfeka zvipfeko zvevarume
Chipfeko chevarume chakajairika ndicho chinopfekwa neMexico charros.
Yakajairika charro zvipfeko: Iyo charro sutu yaipfekwa nevaridzi veminda nevashandi vavo vavanovimba navo. Zvinhu zvakadai se suede, mvere dzemakwai kana kusanganiswa kwezvose zvinoshandiswa pakugadzirira kwayo.
Izvo zvakagadzirirwa hupenyu hwezuva nezuva kana zviitiko zvakakosha. Mavara anonyanya kushandiswa ndeebrown, rima bhuruu, grey, grey uye yakaoma girini iyo inopesana nefrets nemabhatani.
Iyo shati yehembe inogona kunge iri yehondo collar, inonyanya kuzivikanwa se "pachuqueña", kana yevagari collar inozivikanwa se "yakapetwa collar". Mavara anoshandiswa pachipfeko ichi machena uye bhonzo. Kana ari majombo avanopfeka, anofanira kunge ari uchi, mashava, kana bheri.
Charro hat: Iyo ngowani inoratidzwa nekufara kwayo brim uye kusimuka kwayo kumashure. Nekugadzirira kwayo, mhizha dzinoshandisa mvere dzemakushe, mvere dzetsuro kana uswa hwegorosi. Icho ndicho chipfeko chinonyanya kukosha chechimiro checharro sutu. Yakashongedzwa nemacuffs uye yakashongedzwa mipendero.
Chaicho chipfeko chevakadzi
Chipfeko chakajairwa chemukadzi wekuMexico ndecheChina Poblana. Ichi chipfeko cheMexico chine zvinhu zvakati wandei zvaive chikamu chetsika yeNew Spain. Iyo China Poblana costume inoumbwa ne:
- Shati chena ine basa rakapwanyika uye sirika uye mabhedhi embroidery. Yakanga iine geometric uye maruva ekugadzirwa kwemavara akajeka.
- Siketi inonzi beaver, iyo yaishandiswa ne sequins uye shrimp iyo yakagadzira geometric uye maruva maitiro.
- Dzimwe bhinzi chena, dzine enchilada points, kureva, nechepazasi pamucheto wakatarisana ne lace ye zigzag mapatani.
- Bhandi raishandiswa kusunga beche nebhinzi muchiuno chemukadzi akaripfeka.
- Vaishandisa shawl kuti vazvidzivirire kubva kuchando.
- Shangu dzeSatin dzakarukwa neshinda dzesiririka. Uyezve, chipfeko chacho chakapedzwa nemaparera nematombo anokosha aishongedza nzeve dzake, chipfuva chisina kuvharwa, uye maoko.
Mapfekero akafanana nematunhu
State of Tamaulipas
Tamaulipas leather suit: Icho chipfeko cheMexico chinomiririra chimiro cheTamaulipas muMexico, chinogadzirwa kubva paganda remhuru kana mhembwe. Iine zvinyorwa paganda mumuchena uye nemaruva. Izvi zvinoshongedza zvinosanganisira mipendero yakareba pamaoko, kumashure, mberi, uye mupendero. Kazhinji ine jasi rehurumende remaoko kumusana wayo.
Shumba itsva
Chipfeko chevakadzi chakafanana nechakashandiswa muzana remakore rechiXNUMX: blouse uye skirt. Iyo chena blouse, mumucheka munyoro uye mutsva sedacron; chipfuva, nezvikomberedzo; maoko akafara uye akatsetseka; iyo cashmere, mvere, isina mvura kana polyester siketi, mune yakasviba kana pastel mavara.
Mukombe wayo une chigadziko chemashizha gumi nemaviri ane mapete matanhatu akavanzwa; Iine zvitanhatu zvitanhatu zvakaumbwa ne chevron kana tepi yakavharwa uye inopedza chishongo nemapundu makuru akaiswa nezvinhu zvakafanana sefret. Chipfeko chinoperekedzwa nebhutsu kana shangu mune chena kana nhema.
Baja California
Iyi nyika yakatumidzwa-muna 1952- senhamba 29 muMexico. Kubva ipapo, gavhuna aida kuti Baja California ive nerwiyo, bhachi remaoko uye chipfeko chaizoratidza dunhu. Nokudaro, pana March 4, 1994, danidzo yakatangwa yokusarudza zvipfeko zvomunzvimbomo.
26 misanganiswa yakakwikwidza. Pakati pavo, "Flower Cucapá", inotungamirirwa naMaría de la Cruz Pulido Vera, yakakunda kukunda uye yakatevedzerwa nemusikana wechidiki: Rosa María Rodríguez.
Ichi chakajairika chipfeko cheMexico chine dhirezi rine mutsipa wakatenderera, mapfupi maoko uye siketi yakafara. Chipfeko chese chine ruzivo rwakashongedzwa senge cacti nehove.
Baja California Sur
Chimiro chechimiro cheBaja California del Sur, chinonziwo "Flor de Pitahaya", chakasikwa muna 1951. Iyi Baja California Sur costume inoratidzirwa nekuchena kwazvo, kunze kwechikamu chesiketi. Kumashure kunogadzirwa nebhurauzi jena rine maoko mapfupi. Iyo collar yakafara uye jira rakafanana neV rinobuda kunze. Kune chikamu chayo, siketi yakafara yakatsvuka uye yakashongedzwa nemaruva makuru machena akabatanidzwa ne network ye cacti yakanaka. Pazasi pane frill yakachena kwazvo.
Campeche
Kwakabva kuCampeche region costume inodzokera kumazuva eNew Spain. Zvinhu zvinoumba chipfeko ichi ndezvekolonial uye Mayan mavambo. Ngano ine kuti chipfeko chakajairwa chakazvarwa apo vashandirwi vaipa zvipfeko kuvashandi vavo kane pagore. Nguva idzi dzaive panguva yecarnival, mitambo yeSan Juan, San Román neLa Purísima Concepción.
Zvipfeko zvakapihwa nevatengi zvaive "huipiles" uye calico kana chintz masiketi. Huipile mabhurauzi ane sikweya. Onion uye maruva emanhanga akashongedzwa pamutsipa. Siketi yacho ine underskirt chena kana sezvainowanzonzi: petticoat. Mubatsiri wechipfeko chaive chikafu, asi ikozvino kufashukira kwe "Santa Maria" kunoshandiswa.
Coahuila
Kana iri trousseau yevakadzi veCoahuila, tinoziva kuti iwo mapfekero ane siketi yakafara uye mune yakajeka uye yakajeka toni seyero, girini, yepepuru, yebhuruu, nezvimwe. Tsanangudzo dzakadai semifananidzo yakashongedzwa yemiti kubva munharaunda kana zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinowedzerwa kumapfekero. Sutu yevarume inosanganisira shati yedenim uye jeans yebhuruu. Vese varume nevakadzi vanopfeka bhutsu nemifananidzo inomiririra kuzivikanwa kwedunhu ravo.
Colima
Munharaunda yeColima, chipfeko chakajairika chinogona kunge chiri nekuda kweimwe yeanonyanya kudzidzira kutamba: iyo yekukunda. Mhemberero iyi inozivikanwawo semutambo we; capes, malinches, apaches kana "Mhandara yeGuadalupe".
Ndizvo chaizvo panguva yeNovena yeMhandara yeGuadalupe apo chipfeko chakajairika chinopfekwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira jira jena rakanaka rakarukwa ne "cross stitch". Pamusoro pechikamu chepamusoro, mufananidzo weMhandara wakadhindwa. Maruva anonamirwa pasiketi. Kuita kuti chipfeko chive chakanyanya kunaka, iwe unogona kuwedzera chifukidzo chakashongedzwa uye chifukidze nemusoro wako.
Guanajuato
Iyo yakajairika zvipfeko zveGuanajuato inozivikanwa se "Galereña". Iro zita rinokonzerwa nevakadzi vechiGalician, nezita rekushanda mumigodhi kana "magaraji". Madzimai aya aipwanya matombo kunze kwemigodhi. Izvi ndezvekuderedza matombo kuitira kuti agadziriswe nyore nyore.
Mapfekero ezvikepe zvengarava akanga achichinja uye akatorwa sechipfeko chehurumende. Chipfeko ichi chaive chipfeko chakagadzirwa nezvidimbu zvakati; siketi yegumbeze inonzi Zagalejo, pamusoro payo siketi tsvuku yeflannel yakashongedzwa nemakona matatu egirinhi muchiuno.
Kana iwe wakawana chinyorwa ichi chezvakajairwa zvipfeko zveMexico zvinonakidza, tinokukoka iwe kuti unakidzwe nezvimwe izvi: