Sezvo nguva yapfuura, nhamba huru yevanyori vebasa rekunyora yakabuda. Vakatipa zvinyorwa zvavo zvakanakisisa mumhando dzisingaverengeki. Saka tiri kuenda kuno kunosangana nevamwe vanyori vane mukurumbira nekufamba kwenguva. Uye kuti vakatizadza nemashiripiti ese ekunakidzwa nevadi vemabhuku. Ramba uchiverenga uye unakirwe nechinyorwa ichi chinonakidza. !Uchazvida!
Vanyori vakakurumbira nekufamba kwenguva
Izvi vanyori vakakurumbira nekufamba kwenguva, ndivo vaya vakasiya chiratidzo chakaramba chisingadzimiki. Uye izvozvo zvinoramba zviripo kunyange kana nguva yake isisiri yedu. Avo vakanga vari mberi kwezviitiko, uye vakaratidza mumabhuku avo ezvinyorwa, nyaya dzakanakisisa dzemhando dzavo dzakasiyana.
Ndeyevose vanozivikanwa vanoda zvinyorwa, izvo zvinogona kuwanikwa mumashoko akanyorwa, simba guru rekuti mazano akawanda abudiswe. Sezvo kuburikidza naro, mabhindauko anogona kukurudzirwa. Uye zvakare ita shanduko munzira yataigona kuzviona isu, kusanganisira isu pachedu. Zvakare nenzvimbo yatinogona kuva nayo munhoroondo.
Saka tave kuzoongorora rondedzero yevanyori vanoverengeka vakakosha, vanoonekwa sevane mukurumbira, kubva kare uye kubva kare. vanyori vemazuva ano vane mukurumbira.
Zvinoshamisa kuti nhamba yevanoda mabhuku inokura
Uye, ipapoka, vazhinji vedu vanomira vakatanhamara savadi vemabhuku akawanda anosanozivikanwa. Zvingava zvakanaka kudai vanhu vakawanda vakawedzerwa kune izvi zvekuva vanoda mabhuku. Uye ivo vachafara, semuenzaniso, mukuverenga zvakawanda vanyori vakakurumbira veMexico.
Tichifunga kuti kune akawanda misoro inounzwa kwatiri, mumabasa e:
- Thriller
- Nhoroondo dzezvakaitika kare
- Nhau dzinoyevedza
- Mabhuku
- nhetembo dzerudo dzevanyori vane mukurumbira
Kuve iyo nyaya yekuti vese vakave chikamu chakakosha zvikuru maererano neiyo nhoroondo yevanhu. Kwakanaka kunongedzera seidi rinoda kuziva kuti Bhaibheri rakagadzwa, mukuwirirana nomupimo unoenderana neGuinness World Records Book, sebhuku rakatengesa zvakawanda zvikuru mukufamba kwenhau.
Nehuwandu hwemakopi akatengeswa, anopfuura anopfuura mabhiriyoni mashanu emakopi. Saka ndicho chikonzero nei iwe haugone kubatsira asi kuyeuka kuti, kuti chinyoreso chine simba kupfuura bakatwa.
Vanyori vane mukurumbira vanoratidza tsika nekuchinja kwenyika
Zvichiri izvo kuti kunyange, kwaiva nevanhu vakawanda avo munguva yenhoroondo vakakwanisa kuva vane simba. Uye kuti yakanga isiri yevarwi, asi pamusoro pevanyori. Izvo zvakapfuurira kuumba zvakanga zviri nhau yomunhu, kutora zvimwe zviitiko zvenhau.
Uye izvo zvakazove zvakanyanya kukosha. Kuva kubva kumativi ose enyika mazita evanyori vane mukurumbira Pamwe chete nekuratidzira tsika inoenderana nenyika inogara ichifamba. Pamwe nekushanduka kunoitika kwakatitenderedza, nenzira yakadzama zvikuru.
Vanyori vanoratidzwa pazasi ndeavo vanotorwa sevanyori vane mukurumbira vakavepo munguva yekufamba kwenguva. Zvisinei nerudzi rwavakapihwa, kana rudzi rwekuratidzwa kwemabasa, angave anoratidzwa, pakati pevamwe, mu:
- Theatre inotamba
- rondedzero
- Nhetembo
Naizvozvo, hazvizove zvakakosha rudzi rwekuverenga rwaunoda. Iwe haungakanganisi nebhuku rakanyorwa nemumwe wevanyori vedu vane mukurumbira rauchange unaro pazasi. Ndiko kuti, nevanyori vane mukurumbira nekufamba kwenguva.
Pakati pevanyori vane mukurumbira: William Faulkner
William Faulkner anozivikanwa semumwe wevanyori vane mukurumbira ane mukurumbira munhoroondo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti basa rake, iro rakabudiswa pakutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX, raifanira kumirira makore mashomanana kuti rigamuchirwe nevanhu vakawanda.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti akatanga manovhero mana pakati pemakore a1929 na1936, ari mamwewo anonzi:
- Izwi uye Hasha
- Ndichiri kurwadziwa
- Chiedza chaaugust
- Abhusaromu, Abhusaromu!
Zvavaive ivo vaitungamira kugadzira tsananguro maererano nemaitiro avo. Kuve zvakafanana akanyura mune iri tsananguro inoenderana nehunhu, mukati mechikamu chekumaodzanyemba kweGothic. Saizvozvovo, akave akakodzera kuburikidza nemabasa ake mugore ra1949 kuNobel Prize yeLiterature. Izvo zvakabva zvatanga kupa imwe nzira, kune yaive mbiri yake yaitozivikanwa.
Oscar Wilde mumwe wevanyori vane mukurumbira
Pakati pevanyori vane mukurumbira Oscar Wilde anozivikanwa, semunyori uye zvakare mudetembi wekuIrish. Zita rake chairo ndiOscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde. Kuve zuva rake rekuzvarwa pazuva rechigumi nematanhatu remwedzi waGumiguru wegore 16, muguta reDublin kuIreland.
Zvino muma1890s, akazove munyori wemitambo anozivikanwa muLondon. Nenzira imwe cheteyo akaiswa mutorongo, ichi chiri chikonzero chorufu rwake achiri muduku.
Saizvozvo, parizvino, anoyeukwa nemabasa aishamisa akadai se:
- Kukosha kwekudanwa kunzi Ernesto
- Mufananidzo waDorian Grey
- Iyo Canterville Ghost
- Ye profundis
William Shakespeare wevanyori vane mukurumbira
Kana vari vanyori vane mukurumbira, William Shakespeare anofanirwa kuverengerwa semugadziri wemabasa akabatanidzwa, seane hunyanzvi hwakakwana. Kuve kuti iye pachake anotorwa semunyori akanakisa mumutauro weChirungu, izvo zvisiri pasina. Pamwe chete neakanakisa evanyori vemitambo vanga vachizivikanwa munhoroondo yenhoroondo, inoenderana neLiterature.
Ndiyo nyaya yekuti, nekufamba kwemazana emakore, vatambi vese, pamwe nengano nemutauro wakashandiswa nemunyori uyu, zvakauya kuzotora vaverengi. Zvakare ivo vanga vachitarisirawo kupa, nenzira huru kwazvo netsika dzemazuva ano, maererano nekuenzanisira kwavo.
Saizvozvowo, mabasa aya haana nguva, ayo akashandurirwa mumitauro yose iyo inoonekwa seyo mikuru. Uye kuti nhasi, ivo vanonakidzwawo pasi rose. Zvino zvinogoneka kuratidza iwo akanyanya kukosha mazita, anoti:
- Hamlet
- Romeo naJuliet
- Macbeth
- Mambo Lear
- Zvakawanda ado Nezve Hapana
Franz Kafka
Kune vashoma vanyori avo, kuburikidza nezita ravo, vanova chirevo, kuitira kuti ivo pachavo vayeukwe. Ichi chiri chibereko chekukanganisa kwakasiiwa nemunyori akadaro.
Zvino zvadaro nhasi, kana imwe nyaya ikaitika inotora nzira inoonekwa seyakaipa. Kana kuti ine chiratidzo chakacherechedzwa che surrealism, inobva yajekeswa izvo zvinoreva kuoma kwayo. Sezvo asingakundiki pamberi pehurongwa husina chiso, anorondedzerwa se "Kafkaesque".
Kana vari vanyori vane mukurumbira, basa raFranz Kafka rine musoro unoti "The Trial" ibhuku, rinoratidza kuva rinoshungurudza zvikuru. Rinoreva murume anotambudzwa nechiremera, chinoziva zvose. Nekuti anopomerwa mhosva isina hunhu hwayo.
Basa rakakurumbira The Metamorphosis
Rimwe remabhuku aFranz Kafka ane mukurumbira ibhuku rine musoro unoti "The Metamorphosis", iro ibhuku rinoshungurudza zvakaenzana. Kana ari iye ari kuita rondedzero, panguva yekumuka inogona kucherechedzwa senge kapembenene kehukuru hukuru.
Saka ndezvekuti nyaya dzakasimudzwa naFranz Kafka, vane basa rekuita ongororo yekuti ndezvipi zvakasviba zvakanyanya munzvimbo. Uye izvo zvisina kumbofambiswa mukati mechimiro chemunhu.
Zvinokosha kuziva kuti rufu rwemunyori uyu runoitika paakanga asati asvika makore makumi mana, iri gore ra40. Chokwadi ichi chinobuda pachena nekuti nekuda kwechirwere cherurindi, akasarudza kurega kudya, achifunga kuti zvairwadza kudya. Saka akazofa nenzara.
Kana dziri mbiri yake, yakabatanidzwa semumwe wevanyori vakanaka kwazvo vezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Akakurudzirwa kugadzirwa kwemabasa ake ane mukurumbira.
James joyce
Pakati pevanyori vakakurumbira, izvi zvinoshanduka kuva munyori wezvinyorwa, pamwe chete nenhetembo yeIrish yakabva, zita rake chairo rainzi James Augustine Aloysius Joycem. Kuve zuva rake rekuzvarwa musi waFebruary 2, 1882. Uye anoonekwa semumwe wevanyori vakashandisa simba guru munhoroondo yezvinyorwa.
Zvakanaka kuratidza mukati memabasa ainyanya kuzivikanwa:
- Ulysses
- Dubliners
- Vakafa
- Eveline
Zvave zvakadaro kuti iri zvakare mutaundi reNorth Earl Street iri muDublin, Ireland. Chifananidzo chine mukurumbira kwazvo chakamiswa mukukudzwa kwake.
Philip K. Dick weVanyori Vakakurumbira
Pavanyori vane mukurumbira, munyori uyu ane zvinyorwa makumi mana nemana kuchikwereti chake, izvo zvakatsikiswa. Zvakare ne44 nyaya pfupi. Uye kuti ivo vanomiririra nhaka yesainzi ngano nemunyori akadaro, anobva kuNorth America.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti chokwadi chekuti mazhinji ebasa rake akapedzerwa muurombo anodawo kuziva. Saizvozvowo, zvinokwanisika kufunga kuti zvichienderana nemabasa ake, nhamba yemafirimu anenge gumi nerimwe akagadzirwa. Kuve yakafanana yakakurumbira, mukati mazvinogoneka kuratidza:
- chipande Runner
- Yese dambudziko
- paychecj
- Minority Report
- Next kana Screamers
- Murume munhare
- Ko Androids Kurota kweMagetsi Makwai?
- nzvimbo
- Iwo matatu stigmata yePalmar Eldritch
Kubva kuvanyori vane mukurumbira Gabriel García Márquez
Mumwe wevanyori vakakurumbira vanozivikanwa muLatin America ndiye munyori uyu weColombia, uyo, pasina chimwe chinhu uye hapana zvishoma, akatengesa makopi anopfuura mamiriyoni makumi mashanu ebasa rake rakakurumbira "Makore Ane Mazana Ega Ega."
Kuve iri mashiripiti echokwadi riini, umo mhuri yeBuendía inoteverwa, iyo yakatanga dhorobha reMacondo. Uye kuti pakupedzisira idimikira rinoratidza nyika yake Colombia.
Iri basa rekunyora rakashandurirwawo mumitauro 37. Kunzi bhuku rinotariswa semuenzaniso, sekuti chii chinonzi boom yekunyora inoenderana ne60s uye 70s, muLatin America. Nenzira imwecheteyo, mamwe mabasa akatanhamara anogona kutaurwa, akadai se:
- Rudo uye Mamwe Madhimoni
- Rudo munguva dzehasha
- Chronicle Yerufu Rwakafanotaurwa
Paulo Coelho
Mumwe wevanyori vakakurumbira vakakwanisa kutengesa anopfuura mamiriyoni makumi matanhatu emakopi ezvinyorwa zvake zvekunyora ndeye "The Alchemist". Sezvo iri bhuku riri reBrazil, rinowanikwa muchiPutukezi uye ravewo bhuku rinotengeswa zvakanyanya munhoroondo. Tichifunga kuti rakashandurirwa mumitauro 65.
Nezve zuva rekuburitswa kwayo, raive mugore ra1988 naPaulo Coelho. Iri basa nderemufudzi werudzi rweAndalusian, anonzi Santiago, anotanga rwendo rwekuEgypt. Kuve izvi mukutsvaga yeabstract type concept, yezvaagara achida kuzadzisa, uye ndiro dingindira guru rebhuku rake.
Saizvozvo, zvinokwanisika kuratidza mukati mekuunganidza kwake mabasa, mamwe akadai se:
- Mhombwe
- Maminitsi gumi nerimwe
- mupilgrim
- Kupupura KwemuPilgrim
- hippie
Kubva kuVanyori Vakakurumbira: George Orwell
Pakati pevanyori vakakurumbira vane mukurumbira, George Orwell anomira pachena, uyo ari munyori webhuku, rinonyatsozivikanwa pasi rose, uye iro rakanzi "1984". Saka ibhuku rinoonekwa sedystopian, rinotsanangura hupenyu hwakanyudzwa muhutongi hwehudzvanyiriri, uye hwakaenderera mberi nekutorera vanhu vese kodzero dzavo.
Kana ari madingindira anoenderana nebasa rakataurwa, ave chikamu chakakosha chetsika dzemazuva ano. Iko mazwi akagadzirwa, kuwedzera kune mamwe mazano, ayo anobatanidzwa munharaunda yedu.
Rinovhero rino rinonyanya kusimbisa izvo zvinoreva:
- kuongorora
- old
- uye censorship
Zvichiitika kuti hakuna rimwe bhuku rave richitungamirira mukupa, kune kunzwisisa kwakajeka zvikuru maererano nemhando iyi yezvidzidzo, sezvakaita 1984. Zvisinei, munyori uyu akasiyawo imwe nhevedzano yezvinyorwa zvakakosha, zvakadai se :
- Kumukira papurazi
- Mutero kuCatalonia
- Pasina Blanca muParis neLondon
William Butler Yeats
Ndiye munyori wekutanga wekubva kuIrish akakwanisa kuhwina Mubairo weNobel wemabhuku. Kuve iyo yaizivikanwa nekuve yakanyanyisa hunyanzvi uye mudetembi.
Kutora kubva kubasa rake kutanga kwebasa rake panguva yechikamu cheCeltic Revival, iyo yakazozivikanwa seIrish Literary Revival. Izvo zvakazove sangano umo Yeats, pamwe nevamwe vanyori, vakawedzera nzvimbo yekunyora kune vateereri vakawanda. Chiitiko chakaitika pakutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX.
Zvinechekuita nekushandiswa kwechiratidzo, zvichibva pamusambo wedetembo waivewo wechinyakare, zvakapa kurudziro kune imwe nhamba yezvizvarwa zvevanyori.
Zvinechekuita nebasa rake, nhetembo ine musoro unoti "Kuuya Kwechipiri", yakatakurwa nenhamba yakawanda yekushandiswa kwakasimba, maererano nemifananidzo iyo yechiKristu yakarongedzwa maererano nekutsoropodza kwevanhu. Saizvozvo, ine mune yayo zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvine mabasa ane mukurumbira, akadai se:
- Shongwe
- the spiral staircase
Uyewo nhetembo dzake dzokupedzisira uye mitambo yakasiyana, iyo "Byzantium" inogona kutaurwa.
Fyodor Dostoevsky
Kana vari vanyori vane mukurumbira, kunyanya uyu ane zuva rekuzvarwa munaNovember 11, 1821, muRussia. Zuva rekufa kwake raive Kukadzi 9, 1881. Iye pachake aive nebasa rekunyora mabhuku, pamwe nekuita nyaya nerondedzero.
Mukati memabasa avo aiwanzonyudzwa, nyaya dzine chekuita nepfungwa dzevanhu. Pamwe chete nezvinetso zvehutano hwemagariro evanhu, pamwe chete nezvematongerwe enyika izvo nyika yeRussia yakanga ichisangana nayo. Zvadaro, zveanonyanya kuzivikanwa emabasa anoenderana naFyodor Dostoevsky, akataurwa pakati pevamwe:
- Mhosva uye Kurangwa
- Hama dzaKaramazov
- Benzi
- Kunyadziswa uye kugumbuka
- Manheru akachena
Haruki Murakami wevanyori vane mukurumbira
Haisi yemumwe wevanyori vepamusoro pasirese. Asi anoramba ari munhu wesimbi, anotoita mijaho yedaro refu. Mbiri yake inomuchengeta akadzikira, ukuwo achichengeta kunyangwe budiriro yake yekunyora kubva pakubuda mukutonga. Uye anorambwawo kupa zvinyorwa zvemabutiro emabhuku evamwe vanyori.
Nezveizvi, anotaura chirevo chinotevera: "Tinoda kutsoropodzwa munyika ino, asi harisi basa rangu." Zvakakosha kuziva kuti munyori uyu haazive kuti mabhuku ake achapera sei panguva yaanoatanga. Nokuti maererano nezvake pachake, raizoguma nerinenge riri donzo chairo rokunyora nyaya. Zvakare, mukati meanonyanya kuzivikanwa mabasa emunyori uyu anogona kujekeswa:
- 1Q84
- Mushure merima
- Tokyo Blues
- Nhoroondo yeshiri iyo inotenderera nyika
Charles Dickens
Mumwe wevanyori vane mukurumbira vasingagoni kufuratirwa ndiCharles Dickens akaberekerwa muChirungu, kunyanya achifunga nezvebasa rake rakakurumbira rinonzi "A Tale of Two Cities". Izvo zvakanyorwa zvichinyatsoshoropodza izvo nzanga yechirungu yaive. Ichi chinyorwa chinoitika zvachose muParis, ichi chiri panguva yeChimurenga cheFrance.
Zvadaro rakanyorwa nemunyori uyu, bhuku rakafanana nerekare, asi richireva nzanga yeBritish pakati pezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Paakaenderera mberi nekuita tsananguro, chii chaive kusagutsikana kwaive nevarimi veFrance, kune avo vaive vakabata hutongi hweFrance. Izvo zvakaitika mumakore aive asati aita chimurenga.
Uye mushure mekusagutsikana kupi kwacho kwaive nekuda kwehutsinye hwaienderana nevamutsiridzi vakanangana kune avo vambotaurwa.
Mamwe emabasa maviri anomira pachena kubva kumunyori uyu zvakare:
- Mugumo wakafa
- Icy kudzika
Pakati pevanyori vane mukurumbira Aldous Huxley
Mumwe wevanyori vakakurumbira, pamwe chete nemuzivi weChirungu, akazova mumwe weanonyanya kufananidzira panguva yake. Pamabasa ake, imwe yeanonyanya kukosha ndeye dystopian novel yakanzi "Nyika inofadza", iyo inoonekwa seimwe yemabhuku makuru ezana remakore rechiXNUMX.
Kuve izvo mairi mune kufunga kusingafadzi maererano nekurasikirwa uko munhu ane chitupa chake, kuburikidza neapi ari emberi tekinoroji anofanoona mune ramangwana.
Saka zviri pachena chokwadi chekuti bhuku iri rinofanotungamira kweanenge makumi maviri emakore, kune basa raGeorge Orwell rine musoro unoti "1984". Zvimwe kuponesa chokwadi chokuti mubasa re "Nyika Itsva Yakashinga", havaiti nheyo pakutsoropodza kwemunyori maererano nezvematongerwo enyika.
Asi maererano nekukanganisa kunoitwa nesainzi uye tekinoroji muhupenyu hwevanhu. Kunyangwe kana pakupedzisira zvese zvinotungamirwa kubva padanho remasimba akagadzwa.
Mamwe mabasa emunyori uyu, achasimbiswa ndeaya:
- Chitsuwa
- Magonhi ekuona
Ernest Hemmingway
Pasina kupokana, ndeimwe yevanyori vakakurumbira, iyo isingakodzeri kupa. Zuva rekuzvarwa kwemunyori ane mukurumbira uyu raive Chikunguru 21, 1899. Saka, munyori uye mutori wenhau akatanhamara anobva kuUnited States. Nenzira imwecheteyo, yakaratidza simba rakajeka pamhando yenganonyorwa inoenderana nezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Zvakadai, akapihwa mubairo weNobel weLiterature muna 1954. Pakati pezvinhu zvake zvekunyora pane mabhuku angangosvika manomwe, nyaya nhanhatu nemabhuku maviri asiri enganonyorwa. Akaroora kanokwana kana muhupenyu hwake, iyo yakareba kwenguva refu ndeye makore gumi nemashanu. Kuva nyaya yekuti akazozviuraya musi waChikunguru 2, 1961. Achisiya mukati memabasa ake akakurumbira kuratidza, pakati pevamwe:
- Chembere negungwa
- Fiesta
- Kune avo Bhero Rinobhadhara
Yevanyori vane mukurumbira Truman Capote
Achibva kuUnited States, munyori uyu akaramba akanyatsojeka kuti basa rake raive rei paakanga aine makore gumi nerimwe. Chikonzero chaakazvitsaurira kunatsiridza kugona kwake kunyora, panguva yese yehudiki hwake.
Kana zviri zvekutanga kwake semunyori, mabhuku akadai se "Mamwe manzwi, dzimwe nzvimbo" anoverengwa. Gare gare anonyora "Muropa rinotonhora". Rakanga riri basa rokupayona.
Kufanana neiyo yakanzi "Breakfast paTiffany's kana Breakfast paTiffany's." Iyo yaizogadziriswa kuita bhaisikopo raizivikanwa zvakanyanya. Akanyorawo "Summer Cruise." Izvo zvakare zvinoshanduka kuve zvinokurudzirwa zvakanyanya.
Marcel Proust
Iye munyori wemabhuku ane mukurumbira, pamusoro pekuve munyori wezvinyorwa uye zvakare mutsoropodzi, ari chizvarwa cheFrance. Akatisiyira nhamba huru yemabasa emazuva ano, ayo akanga akakurumbira kubva pakutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX, nebasa rakanzi "Mukutsvaga nguva yakarasika", iyo iri mumavhoriyamu manomwe, umo kuongorora kwehuwandu hwemisoro yakadaro. se:
- Memory
- Uduku
- chirevo chikuru
Zvakadaro, zvine basa rekudzivirira kuti ndeupi muenzaniso unobva pachirongwa chinoenderana nemanovhero aive emuzana ramakore regumi nepfumbamwe.
Kana zviri zviitiko zvinoratidzwa mubhuku, zvine mafambiro azvo nekuda kwemaonero akasiyana anowanikwa mukati mekunyora. Izvo zvinoshanduka kuve autobiographical ine incredible hupfumi. Kuve izvo zvakakwanisa kuita pesvedzero mundima inoenderana nemabhuku, pamwe neiyo inoenderana nehuzivi uye zvakare nehunyanzvi.
Charles Darwin
Hakubviri kufuratira chakanga chiri kutapura kwakasara pabasa rakaitwa nomunyori ane mukurumbira Charles Darwin, munharaunda yake yesayenzi mukati mezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Kuve izvo zvine hukama nedzidziso yake yekushanduka-shanduka, uye iyo yeakajairika mhuka madzitateguru akakwanisa kugadzira polarization mune avo vaverengi venguva iyoyo vaive.
Mukati mezvinyorwa zvemunyori uyu, maive nemabhuku akati wandei akanyorwa nezvenyaya iyi, zvisinei, iro pasina mubvunzo richazivikanwa zvakanyanya ndere "The Origin of Species" raakanyora mugore ra1859.
Uye iyo yaive nebasa rekuisa hwaro maererano neiyo evolutionary biology. Sezvaakaenderera mberi nekushandura nyika kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi. Sezvo iri pesvedzero yakaitwa pafundo yesayenzi, mukuwedzera kudzidziso yorudzidziso yakamutswa, yakaguma kuva huru chose chose.
Mary Wollstonecraft
Hazvibviri kusiya izvo zvingava amai vaMaria Shelley, uyu ari munyori webasa rine musoro unoti "Frankenstein". Naizvozvo yakanga iri Wollstonecraft, munyori, pamwe chete nemukurumbira. Uye zvakare kuzivikanwa kunyangwe kusati kwavhundutswa kwenyika neinoveli yaShelley. Gore rake rokuberekwa rakanga riri 1759, uye akatanhamara nokuda kwokuva piyona mukupa simba kurudzi rwechikadzi. Kungofanana neBritish philosophy.
Saka basa raive nemukurumbira mukati mezvinhu zvake zvekunyora raive "Kurevererwa kwekodzero dzevakadzi." Kuva zvimwe chetezvo, kunoita nharo dzokuti vakadzi vakanga vakafanirawo kuwana dzidzo, pamwe chete nemikana, sezvakaita varume.
Uye zvakare rwaive rusaruro runosiririsa, chokwadi chekuti vakadzi vaionekwa nenzanga sezvishongo zvevarume vavo, pachinzvimbo chekuti vave shamwari dzavo.
Kubudiswa kwebasa rakataurwa rakaitika mugore ra1792, nguva pfupi asati afa, iyo yaiva mushure memakore mashanu eizvi. Saka ndizvo zvakaita kuti chibvumirano cheWollstonecraft chive musimboti wekuti vakadzi vapihwe, kuburikidza nekufamba uku kwenjere, kodzero dzine chekuita nevarume.
Virginia Woolf
Zuva rekuzvarwa kwaVirginia Woolf raive Ndira 25, 1882. Zvaari izvo zvekuti hapana nguva yaakaenda kuchikoro. Saka basa rake rekunyora rakaitwa paaiva munguva dzepakati pehondo. Sezvakaita mumakore akatevera. Kuve mabasa ake aionekwa semireza yemasangano ese echikadzi. Pakati peanonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeaya:
- Mai Dalloway
- Kuimba yemwenje
- Waves
Zvaari iye akatambura nebipolar disorder, akagumisa upenyu hwake musi waMarch 28, 1941.
Mary Shelley wevanyori vakakurumbira
Nyaya yakakurumbira yakanyorwa naShelley yakauya mupfungwa dzake pamusangano apo vanyori vatatu vakarongwa, kusanganisira murume wake. Kuti "mumwe nomumwe anyore nezvemweya wenyaya." Saka akatanga kunyora kwake, iyo yaifanirwa kunge iri nyaya pfupi. Nekudaro, kwaari yaive bhuku rake rekutanga, iro rakanzi "Frankenstein".
Gare gare, muSwitzerland, akaita tsananguro yezhizha iroro, sekunge ndiyo nguva iyo kwenguva yekutanga vakanga vasiya huduku kune hupenyu. Vanogonawo kutaurwa mukati memabasa ake:
- munhu wokupedzisira panyika
- Valperga
Simone de Beauvoir
Iye munyori anobva kuFrance, aive mumwe weakanyanya kukosha mukati mezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Uye iyewo akaita nyeredzi mubato revakadzi rezana ramakore iroro. Izvo zvinotanga nebasa rakanzi "The Second Sex." Kuve izvo zvinoreva ongororo maererano nebasa rakagadzirwa nevakadzi mukati mehurongwa hwenzanga munguva yenhoroondo.
Kuve iro rakataurwa bhuku raitungamira kurwisa varume, nekuti vainyora vakadzi. Uye ivo vakashandisawo mavara aya sekunge zvikonzero, kuti vatarise vakadzi pamwe nekumuramba chokwadi chekuvanzwisisa.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, bhuku rino rakave rakakosha kuti rinzwisise nekudzidza mabasa aive nevarume, ane chekuita nebonde. Saizvozvo, mukati memabasa akanyorwa nemunyori uyu, zvinogoneka kuratidza:
- Mukadzi akaputsika
- muenzi
- Ndangariro dzemukadzi wechidiki akarongeka
ronald dahl
Ndiye munyori wemanovhero, pamwe nenganonyorwa. Iye pachake anobva kuBritish uye aivewo gamba rehondo. Kuve izvozvo pakaitika kurwiswa kweGerman, aive mumwe wevatyairi vekupedzisira kubuda muGreece. Uye kuzvipira kwake pakunyorera vana kwakauya mushure mekunge aita vana vake.
Kuva nyaya yekuti panguva iyoyo, yaive mune yaive shedhi yebindu rake maaive nekamuri yake yekunyora, akaita shanduko yezvinyorwa zvevana, nezvaive kuseka kwake, izvo zvaive zvisinganzwisisike, uyezve zvaive zvakasviba. Pamusoro pekuva nemagumo asingatarisirwi. Mamwe mabasa ake asingakanganikwa ndeaya:
- Charlie uye Chocolate Fekitori
- Matilda
- James uye Giant Peach
Herman melville
Iye munyori anobva kuUnited States, ari pakati pevanyori vane mukurumbira. Nekuda kweiyo basa rake rakakurumbira rinozivikanwa pasi rese, iro rakanzi "Moby Dick".
Naizvozvo zvinonzi bhuku, pamusoro pekuvhima kwakaitwa murume whale. Zvazvaive izvo zvaive neimwe nzira chena. Kukwanisa kutorwa serimwe remabhuku akanakisa akambonyorwa ekubva kuAmerica.
Saka basa rekunyora iri rakaremerwa nezviratidzo zvakawanda. Sezvo zvichizoratidza kuve nemukurumbira, zvichipihwa iwo iwo maficha anoratidzwa maererano ne whaling mukati mezana ramakore regumi nemapfumbamwe. Zvakare nezvainoratidza, nhamba yerondedzero-mhando zvimiro zvakasiyana. Saizvozvo, mamwe mabhuku nemunyori uyu kuratidza, pakati pemamwe ndeaya:
- Typee, Edheni rinodya nyama
- Billy Budd, mufambisi wengarava
Dante Alighieri
Pasina kupokana, iro basa rakakosha, iro rakatanhamara mudetembi uyu wekuItaly, ndiro rinozivikanwa se "Divine Comedy" mukati meMiddle Ages. Naizvozvo ibasa rinowedzera, uye rine mavhoriyamu matatu anosanganisirwa. Kuve iyo inoonekwawo seimwe yeakanakisa mabasa, ayo ari munyika panguva yenhoroondo.
Mumavhoriyamu matatu aya, nhetembo yemapikicha yakarongwa, ichiratidza nzvimbo nhatu dzinoti:
- Hero
- Purigatori
- Paraíso
Nekuda kwekuti inozoteverwa rwendo rwunoitwa naDante, kuburikidza nenzvimbo nhatu idzi. Zvino izvi zvinobatwa, semufananidzo unoenderana nerwendo rwunoitwa nemweya munyika, kuti uwane Mwari.
Ndiyo nyaya yekuti basa iri, rakanaka kwazvo, rakakwanisa kuita kuti Dante aenderere mberi kuti awane zita remadunhurirwa rekuti "The Supreme Poet".
Stephen King
Uyu munyori zvechokwadi ndiye mumwe wevanyori vakatanhamara veAmerica mabviro munguva pfupi yapfuura. Nekuda kwekuti ane anopfuura makumi matanhatu ezvinyorwa kune yake yekunyora kiredhiti. Izvo zvakare zvinobata neakasiyana emhando, pakati pawo tinowana ayo e:
- Zvinotyisa
- Kufungidzira
- Ngano dzesainzi
Saizvozvo, munyori uyu anga achikodzerwa nenhamba huru yemibairo. Kuve nenyaya yekuti iwo mabasa, anozove asina nguva, ayo avo vanoaverenga vanoenderera mberi nekunakidzwa nawo mukati mehuwandu hwemakore anotevera mune ramangwana. Iye munyori anozivikanwa zvikuru, zvekuti kunyange avo vanhu vasina kumboverenga mabhuku ake, kana kunzwa nezvake, vanomuziva.
Kana ari mamwe emabhuku ake akatanhamara mukati meakawanda, anomira pachena:
- Carrie
- Nhamo
- IT
- Kupenya
Margaret Atwood
Iye munyori wekwakabva kuCanada, uyo akave zvakare akanyorwa mapfupi kune Mubairo weBooker kakawanda. Kuve akakodzera nazvo mumakore 2.000 uye 2.019. Pakati pemabhuku ake, rinoonekwa sehunyanzvi hwake nderimwe rine musoro unoti "Tale yeHandmaid".
Tichifunga kuti ibasa redystopian, iro rakakwanisa kuwana Arthur C. Clarke Prize muna 1987. Uye kunyange zvazvo bhuku rakanzi rakarongedzerwa sengano yesainzi, munyori anoda kuti riratidzirwe sefungidziro yekufungidzira. Nekuti sekutaura kwaanoita: "Sainzi ngano ine zvikara uye zvikepe zvemuchadenga, asi manyepo ekufungidzira chokwadi chinhu chinogona kuitika."
Mamwe makuru emanovhero ake ndeaya:
- Mhondi yebofu
- Alias Nyasha
Arthur conan doyle
Zita rake Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, zvidzidzo zvake zveyunivhesiti zvakaitwa nemunyori ane mukurumbira, mudetembi uye munyori wezvinyorwa anonzi Robert Louis Stevenson. Pamusoro pekugovana mitambo yekiriketi nemunyori anozivikanwa uye munyori wemitambo anonzi JM Barrie, pakati pemamwe magreat.
Pavanyori vane mukurumbira munyori uyu ndiye akapa hupenyu kune mumwe weanonyanya kuzivikanwa mavara ati ambozivikanwa, semutikitivha anonzi Sherlock Holmes. Tichifunga kuti ndiye mutikitivha ane mukurumbira wenguva dzese.
Zvakakodzera kuratidza nhaurirano ye "The Final Problem" yaakanyora muna 1893 uye inova muenzaniso wehungwaru hwake, hunoti:
- Moriarty: "Zvese zvandichataura zvatopinda mupfungwa dzako"
- Holmes: "Saka pamwe mhinduro yangu yayambuka yako"
Jane Austen
Jane Austen anozivikanwa semumwe wevanyori vakanyanya kukosha muEngland yese. Kuve kuti mamwe ezvinyorwa zvakafanana akaramba asina kudhindwa, kusvika afa. Zvikuru zvakadaro, zvinogoneka kuti aigona kuisa chisimbiso chake cheChirungu pane imwe neimwe yemanovhero ake.
- Tichifunga kuti matangiro ake semunyori aibva mumanovhero akasiyana siyana. Ndeapi mabasa eakanyanya kunaka uye akadzama mabasa akazove ebasa classics anotaurwa.
- Kunzwisisa uye Kunzwisisa
- mansfield park
- Emma
Edgar Allan Poe
Pavanyori vane mukurumbira, Allan Poe anoonekwa semuvambi wemhando inoenderana neinovhero yeGothic. Nenzira imwecheteyo, akaita mupiro mukuru mukubuda kweSainzi Fiction yakakurumbira.
Kuve iyo ndiyo yekutanga kunyora kunozivikanwa, chizvarwa cheUnited States chakaedza kuwana raramo chete nekunyora mabasa ake. Izvo zvakaguma mukuvapo mune inotyisa yehurongwa hwemari.
Zvadaro kubudirira kunoshamisa kwaAllan Poe pasina mubvunzo kwaiva nhetembo yake ine musoro unoti "Raven", iyo yakaitwa mugore ra1845. Uye iyo yaive nechitarisiko chayo mu Evening Mirror. Kuve iyo nyaya yekuti kunyangwe payakazova budiriro huru kwazvo. Vakangomupa 9 dollars chete yekubhadhara.
Nenzira imwecheteyo akazova mutsoropodzi wezvinyorwa, izvo zvaakanga achizivikanwa zvikuru, sezvo kutsoropodza kwake kwaiva nehutsinye zvokuti akanzi "Tomahawk Man". Kuita chirevo chedemo raishandiswa nezvizvarwa zveAmerica munguva yehondo.
Agatha Christie
Paive nemabhuku ematikitivha anodarika makumi matanhatu nematanhatu akanyorwa nemunyori uyu wekuBritain. Kunyanya izvo nezve kuferefeta nezve Hercule Poirot uye Miss Marple.
Sezvo aitungamirawo kunyora mutambo unonzi The Mousetrap, zvinoreva kuti "La Ratonera" muchiSpanish, uchive iwowo mutambo wakareba kwazvo pasi rose. Naizvozvo yaive imwe yevanyori vane mukurumbira wenguva dzese. Kuve mukati mezvinyorwa zvake zvekunyora, zvinoshanda senge:
- Vatema gumi vadiki
- Kuuraya paMabvazuva Express
- Chitunha muraibhurari
Lewis Carroll
Lewis Carroll's real name was Charles Lutwidge Dodgson. Kuve munyori weinonyanya kuzivikanwa rakanyorwa basa rekare pasi rose, iro rakanzi "Alice muWonderland". Mukuwedzera kune kuenderera mberi kwayo, ine musoro unoti "Kuburikidza negirazi rinotarisa".
Inyaya yekuti chimwe chinhu chakanyanya kuitika kwaari kwaive kushushikana nekuti akarasikirwa nemazano akawanda akanaka. Zvimwechete zvakangomuka pakati pehusiku. Iyi ndiyo nzira yegore ra1891, akaenderera mberi nekugadzira mudziyo waakadana kuti "nictograph".
Raive kadhi raive nemaburi 16 aive akaenzana, uye aive mumitsara miviri ine makwenye masere. Vakashanda segwara, kune vese vashandisi, vakatanga kusuma nenzira yakapfupikiswa kuti kodhi yaive yei. Iyo yakaumbwa nemadots uye dashes, kuitira kuti uwane mukana wekunyora, kunyange murima.
Graham greene
Uyu munyori aimbova mumiriri weMI6. Zvakare hudiki hwake hwakazove hwakaoma, aine chikwereti chake akati wandei ekuedza kuzviuraya. Nenzira inotyisa zvikuru inokurudzirwa nezvigadzirwa zvake. Ipapo, pakukura, akapfuurira kuridza Russian roulette.
Akanga asiri munhu akanaka, mumigariro ipi neipi, sezvo mukati meunhu hwake hwomunhu akanga ari mhombwe, akaipa, baba vakaipa. Zvekuti aive ari kure nekuve munhu aigona kuyemurwa. Zvakadaro, mabasa aakanyora aive makuru, pakati pawo anotevera anobuda pachena:
- Murume wechitatu
- Simba nembiri
- uye American impassive
JRR Tolkien
Kubva mubasa rake rakakurumbira "Ishe weRings", zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti haisi chinyorwa chete, chave chiri chimwe chevatengesi vakanakisisa pasi rose. Nekuda kwekuti vanowedzera kusvika kunosvika mamiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu akatengeswa. Asi zvakare akabatsira pakuumbwa kwemhando inoshamisa yekufungidzira.
Kuve izvo maererano nezvinyorwa zve "Middle Earth" vanozove shanduro dzeyekunyepedzera vhoriyamu yeRed Book yeWest Frontier. Kubva pakunzi munyori uyu akatora zvinechekuita nengano dzake.
Tichifunga kuti kune akawanda madingindira enhoroondo, ayo akachinjirwa kubva kungano dzekare. Basa raIshe weRings rakave iro rakanyanya kukosha pane zvinyorwa kune vese vaverengi nevanyori vekufungidzira.
Kana iwe uri mudi wemabhuku, pano iwe unowana akanakisa ezvakanakisa zvinyorwa zvekuravira kwako. Iye zvino anokukoka kuti ushanyire semuenzaniso: