Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti Orchids ndeimwe yemhando dzakanakisa uye dzakakurumbira dzezvirimwa papasi, ivo vakanaka kuva nebindu uye nekuishongedza nemavara avo akanaka. Ehe, usati wadzidyara, zvakanaka kuti uwane zvishoma pamusoro padzo uye kuongorora pakati pezvipenyu zvakawanda, zvingani. Mhando dzeOrchids Ziva pano.
Chii chinonzi Orchids?
Orchids rudzi rwemiti yemaruva, iyo maererano nenyanzvi mumunda inoshanduka kuva imwe yemhuri huru yemaruva aripo pasi rose. Pane idzi kune marudzi anosvika 30.000 XNUMX akasiyana ayo akaonekwa nesainzi seboka reOrchidaceae, rinoenderana nerudzi rwavo. orchid mazita masayendisiti.
Miti iyi inonakidza chaizvo, inokwanisa kugara mumhando ipi neipi yenzvimbo, kunze kwenzvimbo dzine chando uko kunotonhora zvakanyanya uye magwenga akaoma, sezvo mhuri iyi inoda mvura yakakwana kuti irarame. Asi ndizvo chaizvo nekuda kweichi chikonzero kuti orchids inogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi nemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzezvipenyu, seOceania, iyo yose yekuwedzera yeAmerican continent, Asia, Africa neEurope.
Mhando dzese idzi dzine runako rwakasiyana uye rwakakosha, maokideki akanaka chaizvo pakati pehuwandu hwemaruva aripo munyika, mukuwedzera kune chokwadi chekuti kune akasiyana. mhando dze orchids izvo zvakanakira kudyara mune chero nzvimbo yaunoda, chero iwe uchiziva nezvese kutarisirwa kwavanoda.
Hunhu hweOrchids
Kune akawanda marudzi e orchids uye zvose zvakasiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, zvose mubumbiro razvo, sezvazviri mumavara avanazvo uye nemhoteredzo dzose dzavanokura nekukura. Pasinei neizvi, pane zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvakafanana pakati pemarudzi akasiyana-siyana uye anosanganisira ivo mumhuri imwechete, maitiro aya ndeaya anotevera:
- Mazhinji emaruva aya ane matatu sepals uye matatu petals, zvisinei rimwe rawo rakasiyana nemamwe uye rine zita rekuti labellum, rinova ndiro rinoshandiswa kudenha zvipembenene zvinopfuta.
- Nezvepfungwa yekupedzisira, zvakakosha kuziva kuti maruva aya haana nekita inokwezva marudzi ekubereka, saka vanoshandisa rudzi rwekunyengera kuti vaunze ivo nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemavara dzavanadzo.
- Mukuwedzera, muchero weruva une mhodzi dzakawanda dzinogona kuparadzirwa nokukurumidza zvikuru.
- Izvo zvakasiyana mhando dze orchids Vane chimiro chinonakidza kwazvo, uye ndiko kuti chimiro chavo chakanyatsoenderana, nekuti kana chakakamurwa nepakati, mativi maviri akaenzana anogona kuonekwa.
- Maoriki ane zvakasiyana-siyana zvekunhuhwirira kwakasiyana-siyana, kune pakati pezvinotapira nezvinovava, mamwe anopa kunhuhwirira kwakafanana nemamwe marudzi emaruva, uye pane kunyange mhando ine vanilla hwema.
- Ndivo vanoumba mhando huru yemiti, ine dzakawanda orchids marudzi Vane morphology yakasiyana zvikuru.
- Dzinowanzokura pamusoro pezvimwe zvirimwa, kunyange izvi zvisingaitiki nemarudzi ose.
- Ma<em>orchid haabudisi zvokudya zvawo, sezvinoita mamwe mimwe miti kupfurikidza ne<em>photosynthesis, asi anodya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri zvezvimwe zvirimwa, zvakadai sefungi.
- Kune rumwe rutivi, midzi yemiti iyi ndeyemhepo.
- Dzine marudzi akasiyana emashizha zvichienderana nenzvimbo yadziri.Kune rumwe rutivi, dzine mashizha makobvu dzinokura munzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzine mashizha matete dzinokura munzvimbo dzinodziya.
- Orchids chiratidzo chekunaka uye kuwanda, kunyangwe aine zvimwe zvakawanda zvaanoreva zvichienderana neruvara rwawo.
- Maererano nezvimwe zvinotendwa, vane unhu hwekurapa uye hwemweya, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisati zvave zvichiratidzwa.
Mhando dzeOrchids
Kune akawanda mhando dze orchids, vakawanda kwazvo zvokuti hazvibviri muupenyu hwose hwomunhu kusvika pakuvaziva vose, uye kunotofungidzirwa kuti kune zvimwe zviuru kunze kweavo vanotozivikanwa.
Iwo anouya mune ese mavara uye saizi, pakati pawo anonyanya kufarirwa ndeye phalaenopsis orchids, ari nyore kutarisira uye anogona kuwanikwa chero kupi zvako. Kunze kweizvi, kune zvimwe zvakawanda mhando dze orchids, zvisinei, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekukura, matatu marudzi e orchids, zvinova:
epiphytic orchids
Aya maorchids kune vanhu vazhinji vasingaazive neziso rakashama, anogona kuuya kuzoatora seyakajairwa parasitic chirimwa, nekuti anoonekwa achikura pane zvimwe zvirimwa.
Nekudaro, maepiphyte anowana chikafu chayo kubva kune humus inogara pamakwati ezvirimwa kwaanokura, anodiwa pakukura kwawo uye kubva mukunyorova kwenzvimbo, epiphytes inokura pahunde yezvirimwa uye mugomba remiti. Muti, sezvo ikoko vachiwana chiedza chezuva chavanoda.
Semiterrestrial kana Lithophyte Orchids
Iyo semiterrestrials ndeimwe yeayo mhando dze orchids vari vekirasi isingawanzoitiki, vanokura midzi pamusoro pematombo akafukidzwa muhutu, kana pasi pamashizha ari muchikamu chekuora, seLaelia.
Nyika Orchids
Terrestrial orchids ingadai yakafanana nemiti yakawanda, zvinoreva kuti midzi yavo inoberekerwa pasi pevhu, nenzira imwechete iyo inodya pavhu uye humidity yezvakatipoteredza, zvakadai seCymbidium nePaphiopedilum.
Orchid Genera
Panyika pane angangoita 30.000 makirasi eOrchids anocherechedzwa nemasayendisiti uye pamusoro pemhando 150.000 dzakabuda kuburikidza nemichinjikwa yakagadzirwa nenyanzvi dzemagadheni, zvienzaniso zvinodaidzwa kunzi hybrid plant. Zvadaro, tinotaura nezve mhando dze orchids izvo zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa uye zvinotengeswa, pamwe nezvimwe zvisinganyanyozivikanwa, asi zvakangonakawo:
Calanthe
Iwo ikirasi yema orchids epasi anoburitsa maruva akawanda, kazhinji ane chena, pink uye yero ruvara, idzi mhando dzinokura munzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze anopisa. Ivo vanobva kuJapan, Austria, China, South Africa, Tahiti neCentral America, mukuwedzera kune chokwadi chekuti vane hunhu hwekuda kuziva uye kuti mune imwe mwaka yegore vanorasikirwa nemashizha, zvisinei izvi hazvivadzivise. kubva pakubereka maruva avo anoyevedza.
Aerangis
Vanofukidza anenge 50 akasiyana mhando dze orchids uye dzinobva kuAfrica neMadagascar, uko dzinonzi epiphyte, sezvo dzichikura pazvimedu zvemiti. Miti iyi idiki, ine spikes yemaruva uye kazhinji ichena muruvara, pamusoro pekuve nezvinonhuhwirira zvinofadza uye inozivikanwawo sehummingbird orchids.
Cambria
Iyo Cambria zvigadzirwa zvemichinjikwa pakati pemarudzi maviri emhuri imwe chete, kureva kuti rudzi urwu harukure zvakasikwa. Ivo vane mavambo avo mugore ra1911, nekuyambuka kweOdontoglossum Crispum, Miltonia naCochionda Noetzliana, asi aya haasiriwo Cambria akajairwa, ikirasi inonzi Vuystekeara uye kuyambuka kweiyi neimwe inonzi Odontoglossum Clonius, ndiyo imwe inogadzira Cambria.
Mombe
Iyo Cattleya inodanwa nekuda kwemurume wekutanga akakwanisa kurima orchid iyi, aive European William Cattley, idzi dzinobva kunharaunda nekumaodzanyemba kweAmerica, maruva avo akakura zvakanyanya, ane mavara akasimba uye anoshamisa, mukuwedzera. kusvika Vanokwanisa kuyera kusvika masendimita makumi matatu.
Coelogyne
Pakati peiyi kirasi ye orchid, nhamba huru yemaruva machena akajeka akaiswa uye chikamu chavo chekubereka chiri yero, vane tsika dzakasiyana dzekusimudzira uye kuumbwa maererano nechimiro chemaruva avo.
Dendrobium
Iyo Dendrobium ndeye mhando dze orchids iyo inokura chete mumatanda emiti uye aya anonyanya kukura seepiphytes, pahunde nemapazi, zvisinei, kunewo mamwe marudzi e-lithophytic anogona kukura pamatombo, anoenderana neanenge 1.500 akasiyana emhando, iwo anowanikwa kumaodzanyemba kweChina, Japan, Australia, Tasmania, Sri Lanka uye zvimwe zvitsuwa zviri muPacific.
Ivo vanojairana nemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzenzvimbo, asi dzakanyanya kuwanda munzvimbo dzinopisa ne Humidity, maruva ayo anogona kusimudzwa kana kurembera, ane chimiro chakajairika chinonzi chirebvu. Ivo vane mukurumbira kwazvo nekuti kutarisira kwavo kuri nyore chaizvo uye pasina zvakawanda zvinodikanwa, mukuwedzera kune chokwadi chekuti ivo vanogadzirwa muhuwandu hukuru.
Cymbidium
Aya ma orchids anowanikwa kunzvimbo dzinopisa dzeAsia neAustralia, dzinozivikanwa zvikuru uye dzinotengeswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzepasi, uye chikonzero ndechokuti marudzi aya emaruva anokwanisa kugara kwenguva yakareba, kuwedzera pakuonekwa kwavo kunoita kuti vataridzike. kana akagadzirwa nenamo, ane mashizha marefu uye matete zvikuru.
Dracula
Vanogona kuva epiphytic uye terrestrial orkideat, ivo vanonziwo dhiragoni kana tsoko inotarisana neorchids, nekuda kwemavara madiki anoumba pakati, iwo akasiyana uye maruva anoshamisa, anowanzoitika mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeAmerica, kunyanya mu. Colombia uye Ecuador. Vane rough texture, iyo inofanirwa kupfuura chero chinhu kune rudzi rwe fuzz inoumba pa petal.
lycaste
Lycaste imhando yeOrchid inowanza nenhengo yekuchengetera iyo inobva padzinde, kubva ipapo inouya yakakura, yakapetwa mashizha uye maruva makuru, ivo vanozvarwa kuPeru, Mexico, Brazil uye zvimwe zvitsuwa zveCaribbean, asi munzvimbo idzi ndidzo. zvichiri kunetsa kuwana.
masdevallia
Masdevallia kana kite orchids, maruva ekunze ane mavara anoshamisa uye maumbirwo, asi maruva awo madiki uye mashizha awo akareba, zvekuti anopotsa asvika pasi, anobva kuBrazil, Mexico, Peru neCaribbean. zvitsuwa. Mune florists, mahybrids emiti iyi anowanzo kutengeswa, sezvo iwo echisikigo haapikisa tembiricha yezhizha.
miltonia
Miltonia inodaidzwa kudaro nekuda kweAristocrat akavaunganidza uye aive nezita rekuti Milton, ndeveepiphytic genus kubva kuPeru uye kunyanya kubva kuBrazil, ivo vanozivikanwawo seruva repfungwa, nekuda kwemhando yemaruva avanoita. gadzira .
odontoglossum
Kirasi iyi inozvarwa kuColombia, Mexico, Ecuador, Guatemala neCosta Rica, idzi dzinoenderana nekuzivikanwa kwemaokid, zvese nekuda kwekuti maruva awo anoshamisa, ane akanyanya uye anopenya mavara, mune florists zvakajairika. kuwana akawanda kupfuura ese mahybrids anobva mumhando idzi.
Oncidium
Iyo Oncidium inowanzoita yero muruvara, mune dzimwe nguva ine mavara ebrown nepingi kana madotsi, maruva ayo ane chimiro chebazi chinofananidzira chinoyangarara mumhepo, mukuwedzera kune chokwadi chekuti anowanzo madiki, anogona kuwanikwa mukati. Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay neMexico.
Paphiopedilum
Inowanzo chirimwa chepasi uye ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushamisa pakati pemaorchids, sezvo maokideki mazhinji aine akasiyana uye akakosha hunhu, uye rudzi urwu rune hunhu hwakanyanya uye ndiyo muromo waro wakaita hovha, uyezve Paphiopedilum haina. nhengo dzekuchengetedza, kureva kuti, havafaniri kuva nenguva dzekuzorora.
Mukirasi iyi kune marudzi anenge makumi matanhatu akasiyana zvikuru kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, ane rimwe kana kupfuura maruva ane tsinde refu, kukura kwavo kunonoka zvikuru. Ivo vanobva kuChina, Himalayas, India, Southwest Asia, New Guinea, uye Solomon Islands.
Phalaenopsis
Iyo Phalaenopsis ingangove imwe yemhando dzakakurumbira dzeorchids, dzinotengeswa zvakanyanya pasirese, sezvo maruva aya akaita seshavishavi, anowanikwa mune ese florists, nurseries uye maruva mapurazi, iwo zvirimwa zvine kukurumidza uye nekukurumidza. steady.
Vane marudzi anosvika makumi mashanu emahybrids uye vanobva kuPhilippine Islands, Indonesia, China neAustralia. Vakapararira kwese kwese nekuda kwekuti ivo vari nyore kutarisira uye maruva nekukurumidza, uyezve, aya ndiwo marudzi anogona kudyarwa mugadheni akajairika.
Vanilla
Iyi ndiyo mhando ye orchid kubva kunowanikwa essence inozivikanwa yevanilla, iyo inoshandiswa nemunhu wese kunyanya mukicheni kana kugadzira inonhuhwirira, inowanikwa kuCentral America neMexico, zvisinei ikozvino yakapararira kune mamwe matunhu. Vane marudzi anopfuura zana akasiyana.
vanda
Iyi mhuka ine zita resainzi reVanda Coerulea, saizi yemaruva ayo yakakura, iwo akanaka kwazvo uye akajeka bhuruu, kunyangwe iwo anogona kuwanikwa muyero, tsvuku uye orenji, iwo epiphytes uye imwe yeanonyanya kukoshesa ndeyekuti. iwo ari monopodial, zvinoreva kuti anoumba akarembera mumhepo kubva pamatavi emiti.
Iwo maruva anotengeswa zvakanyanya uye kana akadyarwa mubindu redu, tinofanira kuziva kugara tichidiridza midzi yavo, kuitira kuti igone kudyiswa zvakanaka. Kubva kuNew Guinea, India, Australia neSri Lanka, ivo vanowanzova zvirimwa zvakawanda.
Zygopetalum
Zygopetalum ndeye mhando dze orchids dzine marudzi mashoma emarudzi, sezvo kuine marudzi 15 chete akasiyana, zvisinei, mamwe mahybrids akagadzirwa kubva kune aya. Rudzi urwu rweorchid rwakanaka, rune mavara akanaka uye ane kunhuhwirira kwakasimba, pamwe nekunakidza.
Arundina
The Arundina Orchid imhando yeruva rine mabviro aro mudunhu reAsia, chirimwa chinonziwo bamboo orchid, idzi dzinogona kudyarwa muvhu panzvimbo inorohwa nezuva uye dzinosvika pa2.5. mamita akakwirira.
Mutambi weBallet
Iyo inozivikanwa yekutamba Orchid iruva rakapfava uye rakanaka rinokwezva nekuda kwerunako rwayo rwechisikigo, rinobva kuAustralia uye rinoenderana nekuve imwe yemhando dzeOrchid iyo isingawanzo kuwanikwa, sezvo isiri nyore kuvachengeta, uye saka, zvakaoma zvikuru kuvawana mune chero rudzi rwekireshi kana gadheni rinotengeswa.
barkeria
Ruva iri rinobva kunyika dzeMexico, Costa Rica neGuatemala, zita raro rinobva kune muongorori weBritish anonzi George Barker, aya madiki uye akanaka kwazvo, zvekuti munzvimbo dzavanokura vanoonekwa sepfuma yakasikwa. . Mhando iyi ye orchid iri nyore kutarisira uye inoshingirira zvakanyanya kune nguva yekusanaya kwemvura uye hunyoro, zvisinei, kurima iyi mhando inoda mamiriro akakosha anotsiva nzvimbo yayo yakajairika.
Hood of Freira
Iyo Capuz de Freira orchid iri munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzinosvika 1.300 metres, inozvarwa kuAsia uye inogona kudyarwa yakananga muvhu kana mapoto, ine matavi akareba anosvika 1.8 metres, ine maruva mazhinji anozvarwa kubva muvhu. pasi kuenda kumusoro. Tinofanira kuziva kuti izvi zvinongoshamisa, uye kana tichitaura nezve orchids, imwe neimwe inounza chimwe chinhu chakanyanya, chakanaka uye chakasiyana.
Golden Rain
Iri rine zita resainzi reOncidium, rakapfava uye rine ruvara rweyero rinoita kuti rive ruva rinofadza, pamwe nekunakisa kushongedza imba, ivo vari panzvimbo yegungwa munzvimbo dzinopisa kana munzvimbo dzinopisa. Rocky Mountains yeAndes, inogona kunge iri kunze kana kuti iri munzvimbo yakadzivirirwa kubva kuzuva.
Vanobva kuMexico, Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia uye kunyange muUnited States unogona kuwana maruva aya, ane anopfuura mazana matanhatu emarudzi. Kirasi iyi inozivikanwawo seDancing Lady Orchid kana Golden Rain Orchid, kutumbuka kwayo kunoitika muchirimo.
Denphal
Denphal Orchid ndeimwe yeakawanda ari eDendrobium, ane maruva akawanda emavara akanaka uye ari maruva anoratidza, zvirokwazvo zvisikwa zvinotiratidza runako rwainazvo kuburikidza navo. Vanogona kutumbuka chero mwedzi wegore uye maruva avo anogara mwedzi mitatu.
Epidendrum Pink
Epidendrum Rosa Orchid ndeyayo mhando dze orchids izvo zviri nyore kwazvo kukura, zvisinei kunyanya kutariswa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa maererano nekunyorova, ivo vanobva kune imwe yemhando yakakosha yemaruva aya, kureva, Epidendrum, uye kune angangoita 1.427 marudzi awo.
habenaria
Duva iri rakanaka chaizvo uye risinganzwisisike, sezvo rakafanana neheroni ine mapapiro akazaruka, inozvarwa kuJapan uye inogona kudyarwa pasi kana muhari, mumuviri wakasiyana chaizvo nemamwe maorchids.
ludisia
Ludisia orchid imhando inogona kukura pasi, iyo inozivikanwawo nezita reJewel Orchid, mashizha awo anowanzoita girini uye matsvuku, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti iyi ndiyo chete yekirasi. Ivo vanobva kuChina neAsia, vari nyore kutarisira, uye vanokwezva kwazvo kune vanoda orchid, kana chero rudzi rwemuunganidzi wemaruva.
Neobenthamia Gracilis
Iyo Neobenthamia Gracilis Orchid inozivikanwawo seye bridal bouquet, yakakurira pasi, iyo yakakura uye inosvika anenge 2 metres pakureba.
Mambokadzi weSul
Inowanikwa kunyika yeBrazil, inowanikwa mumhepo inotonhora uye inotonhora, uyezve iyi orchid ndiyo chiratidzo cheSanta Catarina, nekuda kwekunaka kwayo kukuru, mavambo uye zvarinoreva.
sapatinho
Iyo Sapatinho Orchid ndeyeCypripedium genus, ine muromo wakaita goko, inozivikanwawo seyo orchid yeshangu uye iri nyore kutarisira, kunyangwe iwe uchifanira kubata nguva muchiedza chaunogamuchira, sezvo ichifanirwa kuramba chiri mukati. nzvimbo inopenya kwazvo, asi kuti mwaranzi yezuva hairove zvakananga, sezvinowanzoitika kune mamwe maorchids.
brassavola
Parizvino, kirasi iyi ine mhando makumi maviri emhando dzakasiyana dzemaorchids, zvisinei, inonyanya kufarirwa pane iyi Brassavola Nodosa, inozivikanwawo semukadzi wehusiku uye ine zvinonhuwira zvecitrus, zvinokwezva zvipfukuto zvidiki. , anobva kuCaribbean, Venezuela. , Peru neMexico.
Zita rayo rinogamuchirwa kubva kuItaly botanist Antonio Brassavola, iyi imhando inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nevagadziri vemahybrids uye inodzokororwa zvakanyanya pakati pemiti yeligi. Iwo maruva anoshamisa, anodiwa zvikuru nevaunganidzi, nokuda kwemaruva awo akanaka uye kunhuhwirira kwakapfuma kwaanoita usiku, kuwedzera, nekuda kwekureruka kwaanofanira kukura, anotengeswa zvikuru.
brassia
Iyo Brassia orchid ine zita rayo mundangariro yeanoyevedza botanist William Brass, ndeye mhando dze orchids dzakapararira munzvimbo dzakasiyana uye dzinowanzova epiphytes. Dzimwe nguva vane maruva mashoma kana akawanda, ayo akakura zvakanyanya, kazhinji ane yero uye yakatsvuka ruvara rweruvara, mukuwedzera kune yakamanikana sepals uye petals yavo ndeyechirume nemiromo mikuru.
macyclnights
Vanowanzogara padenga remiti, paurefu hunosvika 1.500 metres, vane mapaya matatu kusvika manomwe emashizha akaonda kwazvo, ari epiphytes uye zita ravo mubatanidzwa wemazwi maviri echiGreek mavambo, ari swan nemutsipa. . Parizvino vane makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe mhando dze orchids izvo zvinozivikanwa nemasayendisiti uye nyanzvi mumunda.
MaCycnoches uye hama yake yeCatasetum, ndeyemhando yemhando ine maruva echikadzi uye panguva imwechete maruva echirume, zvinoreva kuti iwo mahermaphrodites uye zvichienderana nechimiro chekoramu yavo, inogona kutariswa kana iri yechikadzi kana yechirume. , sezvo mboro iri kureba, ukuwo hadzi ine curvilinear shape yakatetepa uye ipfupi.Sezvinoita maorchids mazhinji, aya ane runako rwakasiyana uye maruva anokwezva kutarisa kwechero munhu.
hybrid orchid
Iye zvino, Hybrid Orchid ndiyo mhedzisiro yebasa remunhu, sezvo ari maruva anoumbwa kubva kumichinjikwa iyo munhu akaitwa nemhando dzakasiyana siyana, izvo zvakabvumira mamwe maitiro avo kuti avandudzwe uye hunhu hutsva kubuda, senge. mavara uye zvimiro zvakanga zvisipo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti izvi zvinoda kutarisirwa kwakafanana seyechisikigo orchid.
