ari Rocky Makomo, iSystem yeCordilleras, inofukidza nzvimbo yekuMadokero yeNorth America. Kubva kuCota Máxima, 4.401 metres pamusoro pegungwa, paElbert Peak mudunhu reColorado. Yakazivisa Mapaki ayo neUNESCO, muna 1984, World Heritage Site. Tsvaga zvese pamusoro pavo pano.
Rocky Makomo
ari Rocky Makomo, zvakare anozivikanwa nemazita e "Rocky Mountain Range" kana kungoti "Rocky Mountains". Iwo ndiwo maitiro ekukwirira, ayo akabatanidzwa, akabatanidzwa kana akabatanidzwa pamwechete, ndiko kuti, iwo mutsara wemakomo. Idzo dziri kumadokero kweNorth America, inozivikanwawo seNorth America kana North America.
Iyo zvakare inotsanangura kufora kunoenderana neWest Coast. Kubva kuProvince yeBritish Columbia, iyo inozivikanwawo seBritish Columbia kana kungoti BC iri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero. Kushanya kana kuyambuka muganhu weProvince yeAlberta neBritish Columbia, kutosvika kuMaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweUnited States of America, muNyika yayo yeNew Mexico.
Mune mamwe mazwi, iyi gadziriro yenzvimbo dzakabatana inotsanangura kufamba kwakafanana kubva kuWest Coast yeNorth America, kubva kuAlaska. Inowanikwa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, kuyambuka Canada uye kunogumira kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweUnited States of America. Nzvimbo yaro yepamusoro-soro kana mwero wepamusoro uri paGomo reElbert, Colorado, pakukwirira kwemamita 4.401 pamusoro pegungwa (masl).
Mugore ra1915, inozivikanwa seRocky Mountain National Park yakatangwa muUnited States of America. Iko makore makumi matanhatu nemapfumbamwe gare gare, kunyanya muna 69, iyo Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks inonzi World Heritage Site neUNESCO.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti titaure kuti nekuda kwenzvimbo dzayo dzinoyevedza, pamwe nekusaenzana kwayo, inonakidzwa uye yemusango. Flora nemhuka. Nzvimbo dzayo dzave dzakanakisa nharaunda kana kurekodha zviitiko, kupa hupenyu kune akasiyana ekumadokero mafirimu. Zvakare inoumba mune yayo yese kutungamira Maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero - Maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva, akanakisa ezvekushanya zvinokwezva, zvese zvevashanyi vezororo uye kune vanoda zvemitambo.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m6WgNxBVXFQ
Kwakabva Rocky Mountains
Mabviro eMakomo eRocky anoratidzwa kana kuratidzwa kubva pakutanga kwesimba kana mhedzisiro yekufamba kwe tectonic plates. Kuzvireva kuPacific Ocean ndiro inopesana neNorth American subcontinent.
Painofanira kunge iri, iyo Rocky Mountain system yakatanga kusikwa kwayo zvishoma nezvishoma, nepo kondinendi yepasi ichidzikira. Nekuda kwekukanganisa, chigadzirwa kana mhedzisiro yekumanikidza, iyo yaiitwa nehuwandu hwe2,5 centimita pagore.
Naizvozvo, zvinodiwawo kuti kukwira kwavo kuenderere mberi, nekuti geologically vanoramba vachidaro, vachifunga kuti nechinangwa chekunyoresa uye kudzidza ivo vanogadzwa vachiri vadiki.
Zita rako rinobvepi?
Iro Rocky Mountains zita rinobva paizwi kana kutaura kwezwi revaAmerican maIndia. Zvino muna 1752, Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, anobva kuEurope, akamugadza kuti amudanidze "Montagnes de Roche".
Makomo ese ari maviri Rocky Mountains, sezvese zviri munharaunda yawo, akabatanidzwa senzvimbo yekugara yemarudzi akasiyana siyana. Kuti kusvika kuchiri kure zvikuru, ndimo maive nzvimbo yebudiriro yaivhimwa mhuka dzakaita senyati uye kunyange mammoth, idzo dzakagara dzakatsakatika.
Nguva dzose uri Rocky Makomo vaionekwa senzvimbo inoera, muenzaniso wekutenda kwakasanganiswa nevanhu vakaita semadzinza ane simba evarwi veApache kana maSioux.
Tanga Kuongorora kwako
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pakutanga kwekoloni kwaiitwa nevaSpanish, Rocky Mountains yakaramba isingazivikanwe zvachose. Zvisinei, kune rinoumba zana remakore rechi1793, kuvapo kwaro kunotanga kurangarirwa uye chido chekuongorora chinoberekwa. Ane kuti munhu anotanga kupinda nokuiongorora, ndiSir Alexander Mackenzie, anobva kuScotland, mugore raXNUMX.
Makore akati wandei anopfuura uye ongororo inomuka kubva muruoko rwaLewis naClark, vakaurayiwa pakati pezvinoumba makore 1804 - 1806, kwavanotorawo masampuli ezvidzidzo zvakasiyana.
Nhoroondo uye tsika
Mapoka ekutanga akadzungaira, akauya kuzogara mu Rocky MakomoVakashandisa nzizi dzavo kuita kushambadzira kwavo, pamwe nekufamba kubva kune rimwe divi kuenda kune rimwe. Pakupera kwema1800, apo vaongorori vekuEurope vaive panhongonya yavo, pamwe nekuwanikwa kwesimbi zhinji dzakakosha, kugariswa kwevatorwa kwakawedzera zvakanyanya.
Pamusoro pezvo, kugadzwa kwemakwara matsva kunotanga, sezvazvaive kune njanji yetranscontinental. Iyoyo sezvainozivikanwa, yakanga iri rutivi rwebudiriro mukati mezana ramakore rakatopfuura. Kunze kwekuve nekubatana kukuru uye kuonana, zvishoma nezvishoma zvakaumba kufambira mberi kwemazuva ano.
Rocky Mountain Formation
Nzira yekuumbwa kweMakomo eRocky inoitwa kuburikidza ne "Cenozoic orogenesis". Kutakura kuti ivo vanoumbwa ne "core of crystalline rocks". Imo, musimboti uyu wakafukidzwa nedombo sedimentary. Pakupedzisira kusimbisa kuti kuumbwa kwayo ndicho chigadzirwa che:
- Kukukurwa kweatmospheric.
- tsaona dzemakomo.
- Tsanangudzo dzeQuaternary Glaciation.
Kune rimwe divi, kunonoka Carboniferous, iyo inoenderana nenzvimbo yechishanu muPaleozoic Era, yaive nguva yekunyanya kuita tectonic. Ikoko mahwendefa aLaurentia neGondwana akazoshanda, achigadzira maitiro ekushanduka kweAppalachian orogeny, zvinoreva "kusikwa kwemakomo".
Zvino, muPaleocene yose uye Eocene yekutanga, kutsvedza kwemucheto wePasi crustal plate kunoitika pakadzika pasi. Pazasi iyo iripo nhasi muWestern North America. Kutanga kukwidziridzwa kwegorofu, ndiko kuti, iyo Rocky Makomo.
Imo mukati memakore anopfuura mamirioni makumi matanhatu, panguva yekushanduka kwavo uye kuumbwa, vakatambura kurwiswa kubva kumamiriro ekunze, geology, pakati pevamwe, pasina kumisa kukura kwavo.
Rocky Mountain Features
ari Rocky Makomo Vanomira pachena nekuratidza zvinotevera maitiro, ayo ari:
- Ivo vari kumadokero kweNorth America.
- Kureba kwayo kunotenderera kutenderera 4.800 makiromita, nepo hupamhi hwayo hunosiyana pakati pehuwandu hwe110 kusvika 480 makiromita.
- Nzvimbo yepamusorosoro igomo reElbert riri pa4.401 metres pamusoro pegungwa.
- Chikamu che mamiriro ekunze yeRocky Mountains, inoita kuti ive musha kune dzinoverengeka dzinotangira nzizi dzine mukurumbira muNorth America. Mienzaniso yeiyi Rwizi rweColumbia neBravo.
- Miganhu yaro inowanikwa kubva kuNorthern Alberta neBritish Columbia, muCanada. Kusanganisira Maodzanyemba kweNew Mexico, Nyika yeUnited States of America. Mhiri kweGreat Plains kuMabvazuva nemabheseni akasiyana-siyana, pamwe chete nenzvimbo dzakati sandara dzokuMadokero.
- Inobatanidza Continental Divide yeAmerica, iyo inobata kupatsanura mabheseni anorasira mvura yawo muPacific Ocean.
- Iwo akakamurwa kuva zvikamu, zvinoti: Canadian Rocky Mountains muCanada; Southern Rocky Mountains; Makomo eNorth Rocky uye Central Rocky Mountains. Vatatu vekupedzisira ava ndeve makomo eUnited States.
- Miti yaro ishoma, ichishanduka zvachose yakananga Kuchamhembe uko kune sango rakasvibira remukoniferi.
- Kurutivi rwayo rwokumusoro ndiko kunoratidzirwa mipata yakasiana-siana ndokuratidzirwa inotanhamara nokuda kwokutetepa nokudzika kwayo.
- Zvinowanzozivikanwa kuti kudzokorora kufamba kwekutaura kunowanikwa munzvimbo yegomo semugumisiro wekufambira mberi uko maPlates ePacific Ocean uye North American Subcontinent vanoita mukupikisa.
- Makomo ayo anoumba chipingamupinyi chemamiriro ekunze chinotadzisa kana kumisa mwando wemhepo inobva Kumadokero.
Nhoroondo ye Rocky Mountain Resources
Makomo eRocky anomira pachena nekubatsirwa kubva kune zvinotevera zviwanikwa, zvinoti:
- Mineral Reserves: Iyo mineral reserves iyo inonyanya kufarirwa nayo igoridhe, sirivheri, molybdenum, mhangura, zinc, sodium carbonate uye lead, pakati pevamwe. Tichirangarira kuti, kunze kwedzimwe nzvimbo kana matunhu echipiri, marasha uye kunyange mafuta akawanikwa.
- Zvirimwa Mumupata: Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti nzvimbo yakakwirira yemakomo ndiyo inofukidza nzvimbo yese, zvisinei, mumipata ndimo munowanikwa zvirimwa zvakasiyana zvekurima zvembatatisi uye zviyo. Nepo kuchamhembe kune kurima makwai.
- Tourism: Tourism inokwezva zvine simba zvemakomo aya. Imo iyo mitambo yakasiyana-siyana inogona kuitwa chikamu chezvitsva zvenzvimbo, kunyanya munguva yechando. Chimwe chinokwezva chikuru ndiko kupihwa kunowanikwa kwekugara kwevaenzi. Pasina kusiya kunakidzwa kukuru kunopihwa nenjanji, iyo inoyambuka makomo kubva kune rumwe rutivi ichikutendera iwe kukoshesa nzvimbo dzayo dzakanaka.
Rocky Mountain Geography
Geographically, iyo Rocky Makomo iyo igadziriro yemakomo emakomo, achifunga nezvekuti telluric kufamba, pamwe chete nezviitiko zvekuputika kwemakomo, zvinowanzoitika uye zvinowanzoitika munzvimbo. Kumacheni emahombekombe, yakapetwa zvakanyanya, nekuti ndipo panoitika kupokana pakati pePlates yePacific Ocean uye yeNorth American Subcontinent. Uko, izvi zvinokonzerwa nemhedzisiro inogadzirwa.
Mutongo une horst uye graven, zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuwana mabheseni emukati ari kure kana kure. Makomo eRocky ari kumabvazuva kwawo anoratidza mapani makuru epakati. NezvekuMadokero, inzvimbo yavanodzika kusvika vaiswa mumabheseni ayo anayo mukati. Ipo iyo erosive effect inowanikwa nematombo inofarirwa zvachose.
Kunze kwakananga kudivi reMaodzanyemba, ivo vanodzikawo kudzamara vatora kuwedzera kukuru, kutenderedza nzvimbo yakakura muNyika yeWyoming. Yatove kuNyika yeColorado, inoona kutetepa kunoshamisa, zvekuti ivo vakamisikidzwa mumakomo akati wandei ehukuru hudiki.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti Rocky Mountains inoumba kupatsanurwa kwakakodzera kwerwizi rwayo rwemvura inodururira muArctic, Atlantic uye Pacific Oceans. Iyo ine zvakare kuti munzvimbo dzakawanda, kuoma kunomiririra imwe yeayo anonyanya kuzivikanwa peculiarities, ayo mazhinji anosanganisa chokwadi ichi kusvika kure kure kubva kugungwa.
Izvo, zvakare, makomo emakomo anoita chimwe chipingamupinyi chemamiriro ekunze chinokonzera mwando wemhepo dzinobva kuMadokero kumira, kuremadza kana kusafamba. Miti yaro inoratidzwa nekushaikwa kwakanyanya, ichingova kudivi rekuchamhembe kwegomo, uko kwakafukidzwa nesango rakakura uye rakanyura uye gobvu reconiferous.
Flora neMhuka dzeRocky Mountains
Chimwe chezvine simba zvinokwezva zveRocky Mountains ndezvekuti zvakazara kana zvasvika kune mhuka dzesango. Nokudaro kuumba ma biomes akasiyana-siyana, ayo ari maitiro eecological units anofukidza nzvimbo huru ine mamiriro ekunze akafanana.
Pamwe nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvisikwa, inova chimiro chakaumbwa nezvisikwa zvipenyu zvinowanikwa munzvimbo iyi, pamwe chete nemhoteredzo inofananidzira, yavo kana imwe. Tichirangarira kuti kuomarara kwese kwave kuri mhinduro kukukurwa kusingaverengeki, pamwe nemazaya echando akaitika mukati memakore 60 miriyoni apfuura.
Mupfungwa iyi, munhu ane ipapo, yakafara kana yakakura Hunhu hwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana kutonga, uko kunoongwa zvachose. Kuve akajairika nzvimbo dze:
- Tundra
- Plain
- Sango
- Meadow
- Wetlands, pakati pezvimwe.
Flora
Nezve maruva, mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana inobvumira kufungidzira zvakasiyana-siyana zvemiti yakapiwa nemaruva, maruva, conifers, uswa, mosses, pakati pevamwe. Kuve nezvinomera zvakakurumbira zve:
- Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa)
- Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
- Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii)
- Oak (Genus Quercus)
- Alpine Fir (Abies lasiocarpa)
- Poplar (Populus sect. Aigeiros), pakati pevamwe.
Kupi, kudivi rekumabvazuva kwe Rocky Makomo, kunyanya munzvimbo yekuchamhembe, zvinomera zvaro zvinopiwa nekuvapo kwenzvimbo ine unyoro ine uswa hurefu. Ipo munzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba, zvinomera zvaro zvakafanana, kuburikidza nenzvimbo ine mwando, asi musiyano ndewekuti inozviratidza nemishonga yehukuru hudiki kana kukura.
Zvadaro zvinhu zvose zvinoshanduka pamusoro pemutsara wemuti, nokuti chinhu chimwe chete chichaonekwa ndechemishonga mishomanana uye mashizha mashomanana, saka kushayikwa kwakasiyana-siyana kunooneka, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nemamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana, akafanana neaya ataurwa pamusoro apa. , dzakatarisana, pagomo rimwe chete.
fauna of
Iyo fauna iyo chikamu che Rocky Makomo inosiyana-siyana mukuwedzera kwayo, ichiratidza shiri dzinomiririra nemhuka dzinoyamwisa. Pakati peavo vakatanhamara, bere dema ( Ursus americanus), mbudzi chena ( Oreamnos americanus ), gwai rine nyanga huru ( Ovis canadensis ). The wolverine (Gulo gulo), Canadian lynx (Lynx canadensis), nondo chena-muswe (Odocoileus virginianus), trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator). Pamwe chete nemhembwe yeCanada (Cervus canadensis), nyurusi deer (Odocoileus hemionus), coyote (Canis latrans), brown bear (Ursus arctos), white-tailed grouse (Lagopus leucura), pakati pevamwe.
Canadian Rockies
Makomo eCanada Rocky ari mukati meMapaki mana eNyika:
- Banff
- Jasper
- Kootenay
- Yoo
Zvakare, mukati mematunhu matatu:
- Gomo reAssiniboine
- hamber
- Gomo robson
Iyi Canadian Rocky Mountain Range yakakamurwa pakati peMapurovhinzi eAlberta neBritish Columbia. Pakati pemapaki mana, anoyevedza uye ayo anonyanya kugashira vashanyi vakawanda ndiBanff naJasper.
Nezve runako uye humwe hunoratidzwa izvi, vanoiswa se "nzvimbo tsvene yezvakasikwa" yechokwadi. Imo mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaruva zvichange zvichikosheswa zvizere, nekuvapo kwesango, madziva, nhongonya, glaciers, nzizi, pakati pezvimwe. Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvemhuka zvakatanhamara muhupamhi hwayo hwose.
Iyo inoratidzirwa nekuve yakaziviswa seWorld Heritage Site neUNESCO muna 1984.
Banff National Park ndiyo iri kure zvikuru muCanada, uko yakaonekwa seyakadaro kubvira 1885. Munzvimbo yayo yese ye6.642 square kilometers, kune mukana wakakura wezvisingakanganwiki nzvimbo uye zviitiko. Imo mashanyo asingagone kudziviswa ndeaya e:
- Bow Lake uye Peyto Lake.
- Lake Louise, Lake Agnes uye Moraine Lake.
- Bow Valley Parkway uye Johnston Canyon.
Kune rimwe divi, tichifunga yechipiri yakashanyirwa zvakanyanya, Jasper National Park, iyo iri kuNorth side yeCanadian Rockies. Yakarongedzerwa nekutaura uku kubva 1930 uye ine nharaunda yakazara inofukidza 10.878 square kilometers. Mupaki iyi, kushanya kwakakurudzirwa kusingazokanganwike nekuda kwekunaka kwayo kukuru, kunoumbwa ne:
- Icefield Center uye iyo Athabasca Glacier.
- Sunwapta Falls uye Athabasca Falls.
- Medicine Lake uye Maligne Lake.
Mhuka dzemusango dzeCanada Rockies
Makomo eCanadian Rocky anoratidzirwa nekuve nekubwinya kwepasi pano, achipawo yakasarudzika fauna, iyo inotungamirwa mupaki yese pasina kurambidzwa. Imo kuchengetedzwa kunoitwa nemapark rangers kwakasimba uye zvinoenderana nechikamu chavanofanirwa. Uko vashanyi ndivo vanofarira, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo iyi ndiyo yakanakisisa yezvinokwezva.
Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti maererano nekugara, iyi ndiyo mhuka ichaonekwa, imwe neimwe inotungamirira munzvimbo yayo. Iyo inonyanya kumiririra uye inoshamisa pane zvese ndeye grizzly bere, inorema kupfuura 500 kilogiramu. Izvi zvinoteverwa nebere dema, iro kunyangwe risingafungire uye rine chisimba senge grizzly, richiri kutyisidzira kuti utarise.
Kunze kune vamwe kuti pakati siyana Flora zvinokwanisika kuwana, sezvavari: makuga, mhembwe, makwai makuru, makondo ane mhanza. Pamwe chete nemhashu, wapití, squirrels, mbudzi dzemakomo chena, mhumhi, beaver, lynx, pakati pevamwe. Ipo zvimwe zvichange zviri nyore kuona, nepo zvimwe zvinoonekwa zvinowanzoitika, zvese zvevarindi vepaki nevashanyi.