Therapeutic cloning inosanganisira kugadzira embryo yakaumbwa kubva kumasero e-pluripotent emurwere nechinangwa chekuwana stem cells uye kuashandisa pakurapa zvirwere pasina kurambwa kweimmunological.
Ndinoreva inzira yekugadzira genetic inoshandisa embryo kuita kurapa uye izvi zvakakonzera gakava guru munyika yose kusimudza nyaya dzebioethical dzakadai sechiremerera che "embryo", matangiro ehupenyu kana hunhu hwemunhu. Mune ino positi isu tichataura nezve mabhenefiti anoshanda ekurapa cloning pamwe nematambudziko ebioethical ayo anounza. Gara nesu kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve Therapeutic cloning: biomedical revolution?
Chii chinonzi therapeutic cloning?
Therapeutic cloning process inosanganisira kutamiswa kwenyukireya kubva kune donor somatic cell kuenda kune yaimbove enucleated anogamuchira sero rekubereka, the ovum.. Izvi zvinosanganisira kubvisa nucleus kubva kune somatic (isina-kubereka) sero kubva kune anopa uye kuiisa mu enucleated (isina nucleus) ovum, sero rinogamuchira.
Zai rezai rinobva rakurudzirwa kuti riparadzane zvekuti rinotanga kuwanda uye kuita "embryo" yekutanga (blastula). Iyi embryo inogadzirwa kwemazuva mashoma kuwana pluripotent stem masero, ari maseru anekwaniso kana kugona kuve chero rudzi rwesero mumuviri wemunhu, anozivikanwawo seembryonic stem cell.
Kushanda kushandiswa kwekurapa cloning
Embryonic stem masero ane kugona kusiyanisa mune chero mhando yesero mumuviri wemunhu, zvichiita kuti ive inovimbisa sosi yemushonga wekuvandudza.
Aya maseru anogona kushandiswa kutsiva akakuvadzwa kana ane chirwere maseru muvarwere, achipa mukana we kurapa chirwere uye kukuvara pasina njodzi yekuramba immune. Semuenzaniso, vanogona kushandiswa kugadzira matishu emwoyo kune varwere vane chirwere chemoyo, neurons kurapa chirwere chetsinga, kana pancreatic masero kurapa chirwere cheshuga.
Zvakanakira zvekurapa cloning
Imwe yemabhenefiti makuru anofungidzirwa nekurapa cloning mukana wekuwana autologous stem masero. Masero aya anogamuchira zita iri nekuti anowanikwa kubva kumunhu (murwere) uye anoshandiswa kuzvibatsira, sezvo aine mukana wekuti haaisi matambudziko ekuramba immunological, nekudaro kudzivirira kukosha kwekushandisa immunosuppressants mushure mekutapurirana tishu kana nhengo. (yakawanikwa nekurapa cloning) mumurwere.
Saka therapeutic cloning inovhura mukana wekuwana zvizere zvemasero kurapwa pasina njodzi yekurambwa.
Mukuwedzera, kurapa cloning kunogona kupa nzira yekugadzirwa kwakawanda kwema stem cell, izvo zvinobvumira kuderedza mari uye kunatsiridza kuwanikwa kwerudzi urwu rwekurapa. Izvi zvinogona zvakare kuve nekukanganisa kukuru kwehupfumi kune iyo biomedical indasitiri.
zvinetso zvebioethic
Zvakadaro, kugadzirwa kukuru kwema "embryos" kwekuparadzwa kwavo kwaizotevera kwezvinangwa zvekurapa kunovhura gakava rine gakava uye rakaomarara pamusoro pehupenyu sepfungwa: nharo dzetsika nedzetsika dzinoonekwa pamusoro pechiremerera chemwana anenge achangobva kuumbwa ane hupenyu hunobva hwaiswa kune utilitarianism inoshanda. "kubvarura kodzero" kuti ave izvo zvaanofanirwa kuva: munhu mukuru.
Mibvunzo yemarudzi ose inooneka, yakadai seyokuti: Vanhu vane simba zvechokwadi rokusarudza ramangwana roupenyu (hwemwana ari mudumbu) here? Mubvunzo uyu ungatungamirira kune zvinotevera: upenyu hunotanga rini? Mu "zygote" mu "embryo"? Uye kana, nokubvumirana, vamwe vachidavira kuti iri mudumbu, padanho ripi rokukura kwayo? Muchikamu cheblastula kana embryo yekutanga (iyo inoshandiswa mukurapa cloning)? Gare gare? Idzi ndidzo nyaya dzimwe chete dzinomuka mune dzimwe nyaya dzinonetsa dzakaita sekubvisa pamuviri. Uye ndizvozvo zvakaoma zvikuru kutsanangura miganhu yehupenyu uye kodzero dze embryo, zvisinei nekuti nzira iyi yakazvarwa iine chinangwa chekurapa chakanaka.
Kubata embryo kwakaunza kushoropodzwa kwakasimba, kunyanya kubva kumapoka ezvitendero uye vadziviriri vehupenyu, vanopokana kuti hupenyu hwese hwevanhu hune kodzero yekuchengetedzwa kubva pakutanga, kusanganisira embryos. Nechikonzero ichi, kurapa cloning yakashoropodzwa zvakanyanya nemapoka aya uye kugona kwayo kunoenderana nekutonga kwakasimba.
Chimwe chinonetsa nekurapa cloning ndechekuti masero emunhu akaumbwa anogona kushandiswa kune zvisiri zvekurapa zvinangwa., zvakadai sechikumbaridzo chekugadzira chibereko, sezvo chichirambidzwa zvachose nemutemo munyika yose.
Therapeutic cloning vs reproductive cloning
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kubereka uye kurapa cloning ipfungwa mbiri dzakasiyana. Kuberekesa cloning kwakanangana nekugadzira munhu akakwana, nepo kurapa cloning ine chinangwa chekugadzira matishu, inokwana nhengo yakakwana, nechinangwa chekurapa chirwere. (kureva zvinangwa zvekurapa). Naizvozvo, kurapwa kweiyo cloned embryo inowanikwa mune ese ari maviri akasiyana, kunyangwe yakaenzana gakava.
Kuberekesa cloning muvanhu kunorambidzwa zvachose pasi rose., sezvataitarisira mitsetse mishoma yapfuura, uye kurapa cloning ine mukana wakaganhurirwa zvakanyanya nemutemo, kunyangwe zvingangosiyana zvichienderana nekutonga kwenyika imwe neimwe.
Sezvo isu tese tinoziva, kubereka cloning kwakangoitwa mumhuka uye pasi pekuyedza, tiri kutaura nezvazvo. dolly gwai rine mukurumbira, uyo akauya munyika muna 1996 kuzounza shanduko yekuchinja mune zvesainzi.
Kubva ipapo, kuferefetwa kwakasiyana kwakagadzirwa kwakatenderedza kurapa cloning, kuitira kuwana stem maseru akafanana neaya omurwere kurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana.
Alternatives kune therapeutic cloning
Nekuda kwegakava rinosanganisirwa nehunyanzvi uhu, sainzi inosimudza dzimwe nzira dzinonakidza dzekurapa cloning dzinoitawo kuti zvikwanise kuwana stem cells.
Imwe yacho ndeye cell reprogramming, inozivikanwawo se iPS. Iyi nzira inosanganisira kutora masero evakuru uye kuagadzirisa kuti aite seembryonic stem cell, uye yakashandiswa zvinobudirira kurapa zvirwere zvakaita seParkinson kana chirwere cheshuga.
Pane zvakare sarudzo ye Kuwana stem masero kubva kune extraembryonic zvakabatanidzwa, senge umbilical cord: Stem maseru anogona kutorwa kubva mairi panguva yekutumira iyo yaizochengetwa mu stem cell mabhangi kuti ishandiswe gare gare. Rudzi urwu rwema stem maseru anewo mukana wekuti haaburitse kurambwa mumurwere, sezvo asiri ekunze masero, asi avo.
Iyo gakava richiri rakavhurika: iko therapeutic cloning a biomedical revolution?
Therapeutic cloning inogona kuita senzira inovimbisa yekurapa zvirwere nekugadzira autologous stem cell kubva kumurwere. Zvisinei, kugona kwayo uye tsika dzayo dzinoramba dziri nyaya yegakava. Mukuwedzera, kune dzimwe nzira dziripo dzinogona kupa stem cells zvine hutsika uye zvakachengeteka.
Zvakakosha kuenderera mberi nekutsvagisa nekugadzira ese aya matekiniki ekufambira mberi mukurapa kwezvirwere nekuvandudza hupenyu hwevarwere.