Muchinyorwa chino uchakwanisa kuziva zvese zvine chekuita naSaint Barthoromew, mumwe wevaapositori gumi nevaviri vakatevera nekutsigira pfungwa dzemwanakomana waMwari, Jesu Kristu. Uye kunyangwe pasina zvakawanda zveruzivo rwebhaibheri pamusoro pazvo, mundima dzinotevera uchakwanisa kuwana ruzivo rwakakwana ruripo.
Mutsvene Bartholomew - Mabviro eBhaibheri
Maererano nezvinyorwa zvebhaibheri zvaJohane, Mutsvene Barthoromeo aive mumwe wevadzidzi vakamutswa Mesiasi munyanza yeTibheriasi mushure mekumuka kwake. Nhau inotiudza kuti Firipi akamuudza kuti akanga awana mwanakomana woWokumusorosoro uye kuti akanga abva kuNazareta, uye iye akapindura, kuti: “Chimwe chinhu chakanaka chingabva kuNazareta.” Izvo zvinodikanwa kuratidza ruzivo rwakakosha rwezviri pamusoro, uye kuti ichi chiratidzo chakakosha chechiJudha chinotarisirwa nezvekuuya kwaMesia.
Mumusangano wake wekutanga nemutumwa mukuru waIshe, vaviri vane hurukuro inofadza apo mutsvene anomuudza kuti: "Heuno muIsraeri wechokwadi, maari hamuna kunyengera." "Mandiziva sei?". Ipapo, Mwanakomana woWokumusoro-soro akapindura, kuti: “Firipi asati akudana, ndakuona uri pasi pomuonde. Pasina kupokana, iyi yakanga iri nguva yechinjo huru muupenyu hwake.
Pashure pemhinduro inoshamisa kwazvo zvokuti yakanga isingatarisirwi, Musande Barthoromeo anoita chitendero chinotevera: “Rabhi, muri Mwanakomana waMwari; ndimi Mambo waIsraeri.” Tichienderera mberi nechikamu chebhaibheri chemunhu anonakidza uyu, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti Johane ndiye ega anodudza nezvake.
Nepo, muzvinyorwa zvaMako, Mateo, naRuka, zita raFiripi rinoteverwa nezita romusande, magamuchidzanwa akaita kuti Bhatoromeo naNatanieri vave mumwe. Naizvozvo, hazvishamisi kuti zvimwe zvinyorwa zvive nezita rimwe chete kana kuti ose ari maviri anonongedzera kwariri. Zvakare, maererano neMabasa eVaapostora, Mutsvene Barthoromew aive mumwe weavo vakaona kukwira kwaMesiasi.
iconography of Saint Barthelemy
Zvinoratidzwa zvinomiririra zveSaint Bartholomew kwemakumi emakore nemazana zvachinja zvishoma. Semuenzaniso, nguva dzose yakajairika kuwana mumiriri wemutsvene panguva yekufa kwake, pasherufu kana kusungirirwa pamuti. Zvakare, zvinokwanisika kuwana mifananidzo naye achiita zvishamiso, sezvakaita nyaya yekumutswa kwevana vaMambo Polymio uye apo mwanasikana wake ane madhimoni anosunungurwa.
Muchokwadi, zvakajairika kumuwana aine banga hombe, achirondedzera nezverufu rwake runotyisa, ndosaka ari muchengeti wevasukuti vematehwe. Uyewo ane chokuita nekufira kutenda kwake, dzimwe nguva anoonekwa akafukidzwa, achiratidza ganda rakanamira paruoko rwake senguo. Mukati menguva yeBaroque, mimiririro yacho kazhinji kazhinji inotaura nezvechimiro chake somuapostora, akapfeka nguo refu chena, achiita zvinyorwa zvinoyera uye achiratidza banga.
Anoratidzwawo akabata dhimoni necheni. Mabviro echiratidzo ichi anogona kuva maviri: wekutanga, Mutsvene Bartolomeo, anoda kuti Kristu akamuka aratidze vakaipa «Beriari», mushure mokumuratidza, Jesu anoratidza: «Svikai pamutsipa mubvunze». Uye wechipiri, maererano netsika, akadzinga dhimoni, rainzi "Astaroth", kubva mutemberi yaaigara mukati mechifananidzo. Yakaratidza kusashanda kwechifananidzo, icho chaiitirwa kurapa, kudzinga dhiabhorosi uye kutsvenesa temberi.
Kana zvasvika kune physiognomy yake, inomiririrwa nerondedzero yaBerith yevanorwara uye aya ndiwo mataurirwo azvinoitwa muThe Golden Legend yeSantiago de la Vorágine. Murume wekureba zviri pakati nepakati, ane vhudzi dema rakamonana, ganda jena, maziso makuru, mhuno yakati twasu, yakanyatsorongeka, ndebvu dzakakora, uye yakati piriviri kuita pfumbu.
Kufira de Saint Barthelemy
Mamiriro ake ekupedzisira anonzi akaitwa namambo weArmenia, ane munin'ina wake akange atendeutsirwa kuchiKristu nekurudziro yaSaint Bartholomew. Kufanana navaprista vetembere dzechihedheni, avo vakanga vachipererwa nevateveri, ivo vakaratidzira mukurwisana neAstyages nokuda kwebasa rechiKristu. Astyages akamudaidza ndokumurayira kuti anamate zvidhori zvake. Pashure pokunge Bhatoromeo aramba, mambo akarayira kuti achekwe ganda ari mupenyu kusvikira aramba Mwari wake kana kuti afa.
Munhu anofa
Munyori wemuzana ramakore rechitanhatu kubva kuConstantinople, Theodore Lector, akataura kuti munenge mugore ra507 mambo Anastasius akapa zvisaririra (zvasara zvemutsvene) kuguta richangodzorerwa reDura-Europos. Gregory weTours akataura nezvekuvapo kwezvisaririra zvake paLipari, chitsuwa chidiki chiri pamhenderekedzo yeSicily, muchikamu cheItaly chinodzorwa neConstantinople, uko ganda rake nemapfupa mazhinji zvinogona kuwanikwa muCathedral yeSaint Bartholomew the Apostle.
Nokufamba kwenguva, chechi yakagara nhaka yekare yezvekurapa yechihedheni uye nekuda kweizvi, zita remutsvene rakave rakabatana nemishonga uye zvipatara. Zvimwe zvidimbu zvedehenya raBartholomew zvakaendeswa kuFrankfurt Cathedral, ukuwo ruoko rwuchinamatwa muCanterbury Cathedral nhasi. Emperor Otto II akaunza mapfupa eSaint Bartholomew muna 983 kuRoma uye vakazorora muchechi yeSaint Bartholomew pachitsuwa cheTiber.
Mhemberero
Icho chikamu chevatsvene vazhinji vanonamatwa nemapazi akasiyana echiKristu, saka, maererano nemakarenda akasiyana-siyana anoshandiswa, zuva rayo rinogona kusiyana maererano nenharaunda imwe neimwe. Kana ari vaKristu vokuMadokero, zuva rake remabiko ndiAugust 24; yokuMabvazuva, June 11; pakupedzisira, vaArmenia vanoirangarira pana Zvita 8.
Patronage
Kune nyika zhinji, matunhu, maguta nemataundi anoona Mutsvene Bartholomew semutsigiri wavo mukuru. Mazhinji acho achawanikwa muSpain, ari maguta akadai se: Aldeanueva de San Bartolomé (Toledo), Marrupe (Toledo), La Almarcha (La Cuenca), Rociana del Condado (Andalusia). Kunyange zvakadaro, nyika dzakaita seMexico mukondinendi yeAmerica dzine dzimwe nharaunda dzinoiona semutsigiri, sezvakaita: Atlacholoaya, Xochitepec neMorelos.
Zvinonzi kuparidza kuMabvazuva
Pane zvapupu zviviri zvekare zvemishoni yeSan Bartolomé muIndia. Idzi dzinobva kuna Eusebius weKesariya uye Musande Jerome muzana ramakore rechina. Ose anoreva tsika iyi pavanotaura nezveshanyo yakashumwa yaPantanu kuIndia mukati mezana ramakore rechipiri. Tsvakurudzo dzinoverengeka dzemazuva ano dzinoti nharaunda yeBombay pamhenderekedzo yeKonkan inogona kunge yaizivikanwa senzvimbo inogoneka yezviitiko zvaBartholomew. Rimwe bhuku rine musoro unoti “Martyrdom of Bartholomew” rinoti akaurayirwa kutenda kuIndia.
Zvinyorwa izvi zvinotsanangura madzimambo maviri anonzi Polyamus naAstriyagis. Munenge mugore ra55, Mambo Pulaimi akatonga pedyo neKalyan. Maererano nemagwaro, mutsvene akaurayiwa nekubviswa musoro. Zvinonziwo ganda rake rakabviswa akaturikwa akatsikitsira ari mupenyu. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti akaurairwa ikoko musi wa24 Nyamavhuvhu. Aingova nemakore 50 chete.
Imwe yenhau dzakataurwa pamusoro peidzi nzendo dzokuparidza kumabvazuva kwenyika yakanga iri apo, pamwe chete nomumwe wake, muapostora Judhasi “Tadeo” vakasvika muArmenia. Muchokwadi, anotaura zvakawanda kuti Mutsvene Bartholomew ndiye aive mutsigiri mukuru wechitendero munzvimbo iyoyo muzana ramakore rekutanga. Naizvozvo, vese vatsvene vanoonekwa sevatsvene vanochengeta veArmenian Apostolic Church.
Chishamiso chakaitwa naSaint Bartholomew
Pakupedzisira, tinogona kutaura kuti mutsvene akaita zvishamiso zvakawanda pashure porufu rwake kupfuura paaiva mupenyu. Imwe yedzakanakisa nyaya dzechishamiso ndeye apo, muHondo Yenyika II, hutongi hwechifashisti hwakatsvaga nzira dzekubhadhara zviitwa zvahwo ndokurairwa kuti vatore chifananidzo chesirivheri chaSaint Bartholomew vochinyungudutsa.
Chidhori chacho chakayerwa ndokuwana magiramu mashomanene bedzi, naizvozvo chakadzorerwa kunzvimbo yacho muLipari Cathedral. Kutaura zvazviri, chifananidzo chacho chakagadzirwa nemapaundi akawanda esirivha uye chinonzi chishamiso chokuti charasikirwa nehuremu.
Kana iwe wakafarira chinyorwa ichi nezve San Bartolomé, isu tinokurudzira kuti uongorore inotevera inonakidza misoro: