Iyi budiriro yeMesoamerican yaizivikanwa nekuita tsika dzakasiyana. Pakati pavo paiva ne Mayan zvibayiro. Pachiitiko ichi, Simba reMweya rinotsanangura zvese zvine chekuita nazvo.
Mayan zvibayiro
Zvibayiro zvaiumba basa rechitendero mune iyi budiriro yeMesoamerican. Idzo dzaiumbwa nekupondwa kwevanhu kana mhuka. Uye kuteura ropa revanhu vakasiyana-siyana munharaunda, mutsika dzaive pasi pekutarisirwa kwevapristi.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti zvibayiro zvave zviri zvechienzi chechikamu chikuru chevanhu vemazuva ano pane mamwe matanho ekushanduka kwavo. Kuti vape kana kuzadzisa chisungo chakanangidzirwa kuna vamwari.
Mukati menguva dzepamberi peColumbian, zvibayiro zveMayan zvaive mupiro wetsika waiitwa kuitira kupa vamwari. Ndicho chikonzero, kwavari, ropa raimiririra nzvimbo inokosha yezvokudya zvevamwari veMayan. Naizvozvo, chibayiro chemunhu mupenyu chaiva chibayiro chaikosheswa zvikuru.
Neiyi nzira, chibayiro chomunhu chaimirira chipiriso chokupedzisira cheropa kuna vamwari. Naizvozvo, chikamu chikuru chetsika dzakatanhamara dzebudiriro yeMesoamerican yakapera nechibayiro chemunhu. Kakawanda, vasungwa vepamusoro-soro chete vehondo vaiurayiwa, uye vasungwa vaiva nezvinzvimbo zvakaderera vaishandiswa kuita mabasa akawanda okumanikidzirwa.
Zvibayiro zveMayan zvine chekuita nezvibayiro zvevanhu, zvinozivikanwa kubva panguva yekare, iyo yakafukidza makore 250 kusvika 900 AD kusvika padanho iro kukunda kweSpain kwakaguma muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX.
Mumifananidzo yakasiyana-siyana yemifananidzo yekare yeMayan, chibayiro chevanhu chinotsanangurwa. Mune zvinyorwa zvehieroglyphic zveClassic nguva uye zvakasimbiswa mumamiriro ekuchera matongo kuburikidza nekuongorora kweskeletal zvisaririra zveClassic uye Postclassic nguva, iyo yekupedzisira kubva kumakore 900 kusvika 1524.
Kupira kwevanhu kunotsanangurwa zvakare mumagwaro angu ekutanga eMayan neSpanish ekoloni, achibatanidza:
- Madrid Codex.
- Popol Vuh.
- Zita reTtonicapán.
- Rabinal Achí quinche gwaro.
- Nhoroondo dzeCakchiqueles.
- Yucatecan Dzitbalché songs.
- Hukama hwezvinhu zveYucatan.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti budiriro yeMesoamerican iyi yaishandisa nzira dzakasiyana siyana, uko kwainyanya kushandiswa kwaive kubvisa musoro nekubvisa moyo. Mamwe marudzi ezvibayiro zveMayan aisanganisira kupfura munhu anenge abatwa nemiseve, kukanda munhu wacho mu cenote, uye kuviga munhu wacho ari mupenyu kuti aende nekuvigwa kwakanaka. Pamwe nekuita chibayiro chevatambi mumutambo wekuzvarwa patsva wakabatana neMesoamerican bhora mutambo uye kuvhura kana kubvisa matumbu.
Kutanga
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti zvese ropa uye chibayiro chevanhu zvaive kwese kwese mutsika dzese dzepre-Columbian Mesoamerica. Mune zvigumisiro zvakawanikwa zvine chokuita nenyaya idzi, zvinopindirana kuti mabasa maviri aya akatanga pakati peOlmecs, anenge makore 3000 apfuura, achiendeswa kune tsika dzakaitika gare gare, uko maMayans akabatanidzwa. Nekudaro, hapana zvakare ruzivo rwekuti nei vakagadzira pakati peOlmecs.
Ropa uye naizvozvo mwoyo unoramba uchirova, unomiririra chikamu chikuru mune ethnography uye mumifananidzo yezvibairo zveMayan. Ndicho chikonzero nei kushandiswa kwayo kupfurikidza netsika kwakarongwa nokuda kweiyi budiriro, batano neinoyera, iyo yakamirira kwavari kuvapo kumene kwenhevedzano yechisikigo.
Pane tsananguro dzinoratidza kuti, kufanana nevese vanonyanya kuzivikanwa nzanga dzeumwari, pamwe veMayan vezvematongerwo enyika nevechitendero vepamusoro vakaita zviito izvo zvaive panguva imwe chete kusimbisa kufarira chinzvimbo cheumwe neumwe uye kutsigira kwakakosha kugadzikana kwevanhu kune vese vakuru.
Kuburikidza nemitambo apo zvibayiro zveMayan zvaiitwa, izvo zvakashanda sechinhu chikuru chekubatanidzwa kwenharaunda. Zvisinei, hapana chimwe cheizvi chakasimbiswa muzvinyorwa zvekare.
Maitiro
Nhengo dzekare dzebudiriro yeMesoamerican dzakashandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana mukubayira kwevanhu.
Decapitation
Miitiro yakatanhamara zvikurusa, umo kutsaurirwa kwetembere nedzimba dzoumambo kwakatanhamara, pamwe chete nokugadzwa kwomutongi mutsva, kwakakumbira chinopiwa chomunhu. Chibayiro chamambo muvengi chaionekwa sechinopiwa chinonyanya kukosha. Izvi zvaisanganisira kugurwa musoro kwemutongi akasungwa mutsika inomiririra kubviswa musoro kwamwari wechibage weMayan nevamwari verufu.
Mugore re738, mutungamiri mukuru weguta rekare reMayan reQuiriguá, K`ak`Tiliw Chan Yopaat, akasunga mutongi wake mukuru Uaxaclajuun Ub`aah K`awiil kubva kuguta reCopan, ndokuzomugura musoro mutsika.
Zvibayiro zvakadaro zvemaMaya zvaiwanzonyorwa mukunyora kweMayan neglyph (chaive chiratidzo chakavezwa), chiitiko chedemo. Saizvozvo, kugura mambo wemuvengi kunogonawo kuwedzerwa kune chikamu chetsika yekuzvarwa patsva ine chekuita nemutambo webhora. Iyo yaimirira rukundo rwamagamba maviri Ixbalanqué naHunahpú, vanakomana vamwari Hun-Hunahpú naIxquic, pavamwari venyika yepasi, VanaShe veXibalbá.
Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ngano yemapatya egamba, inotsanangurwa muPopol Vuh, inoreva kuti ivo, sababa vavo nababamunini, vakagurwa musoro nevavengi vavo mumutambo webhora. Izvo zvinorondedzerwa mubhuku iri mushure mekurondedzera zvinoreva kusikwa kwemunhu.
Mapatya egamba, Hunahpú naIxbalanqué, vakatarisana nemadzishe eXibalbá. Nyaya inotaura kuti vese vaidzidzira mutambo webhora padare riri pamusoro pehumambo hwevakafa, kwaive neMadzishe eXibalbá, saka saiti iyi yakagamuchira zita rekuti Xibalbá.
Nokudaro, kuita mutambo webhora panzvimbo iyoyo kwakaita kuti Ishe veXibalbá vatsamwe, nokudaro zvichikonzera dambudziko kumapatya, izvo zvinobva pakuita mutambo wemutambo munzvimbo yavo. Gare gare mapatya akarasika, saka akabairwa ndokuvigwa. Kucheka musoro wemumwe wavo vouturika pamuti wakaoma.
Nokufamba kwenguva, panzvimbo paive nemuti iwoyo, mumwe musikana ainzi Ixquic akafamba, akasvipirwa nemuti mumwe chete iwoyo. Izvo zvakaita kuti ave nepamuviri uye akazozvara mapatya Hunahpú naIxbalanqué..
Idzo dzaionekwa nekuve nezviitiko zvakati wandei umo vairatidza kugona kwavo. Vese vaida kutsiva baba nasekuru vavo, izvo zvakaita kuti vagadzire zano rekupikisa S.madzishe e Xibalba.
Zvinova zvakabva pakuti vaizodzidzira mutambo webhora, munzvimbo imwe chete yaitambwa baba vake nababamukuru. Pakuzviita, nhengo dzeXibalbá dzakashatirwa zvakare. Naizvozvo kurwisana kwakatangwazve, uko kwakabatanidza kuti hama dzaifanira kusvetuka gomba guru rakanga richibvira.
Kuedza zvakare, mapatya egamba akagumburwa uye mapfupa avo akaputswa kuita madota, akakandwa murwizi ndokuchengetwa pane rimwe remahombekombe ayo. Nzvimbo iyo mapatya akakura zvakare, uyo nekufamba kwenguva, akadzoka akafukidzwa se Xibalba.
Nokudaro kukwanisa kutonga vagari vemo, kuitira kuti varambe vari vapenyu kana vakasiya simba ravo rose rokuita zvakaipa. Kubva ipapo, mapatya Hunahpú uye Ixbalanqué, vakava vanamwari uye nokuda kwebudiriro iyi vanofananidzira Mwedzi uye Zuva mayan bhora mutambo.
Chibayiro chekugurwa musoro chinomiririrwa muhunyanzvi hweMayan hwenguva yeClassic, uko zviri pachena kuti chakaitwa mushure mekutambudzwa, kurohwa, dehwe remusoro nebvudzi rakasungirirwa, kupiswa, kana kuti vanobvisa matumbu. .
Inotsanangurwa zvakare mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinowanikwa dzakatenderedza mabhora maviri ari muChichen Itza, iyo Great Ballcourt uye Ballcourt yeNun.
kutorwa mwoyo
Mukati menguva yepostclassic, pakati pemakore 900 kusvika 1524, zvibayiro zveMayan, izvo zvakavakirwa pakubvisa mwoyo yevamwe vanhu, yaive nzira yakajairika, iyo yakagamuchira pesvedzero yetsika yeToltec uye nevanhu veAztec. , yeMupata weMexico. Iyo yaiwanzoitwa muchivanze chetemberi kana pamusoro pepiramidhi yetemberi.
Muitiro wacho waisanganisira kusunungura munhu akanga abirwa, kumusunga chiuno nemucheka wakapinza uye kumupenda bhuruu. Vara iri raimiririra chibayiro. Mukuita uku, vapirisita vana vaive vabatsiri vaive vakapendwa bhuruu inomiririra vana Chaacs, vaive vatsigiri vemakadhinari. Iwaya aitora nyakuurawa nenhengo imwe neimwe apo akanga akarara pamusoro pedombo guru rakasimudza chipfuva chake mudenga.
Mubhuku rinonzi Relation of the things of Yucatan, rakanyorwa nabhishopi weSpain Diego de Landa, zvakatsanangurwa maererano nezvibayiro zverudzi urwu, kuti muprista ainzi Nacom akashandisa banga rechibayiro rakagadzirwa nedombo, iro rinozivikanwawo sebwe remusarasara. kudhura pasi pembabvu nekuburitsa moyo uchiramba uchirova.
The Nacom akatamisa nhengo yacho kumupristi aishumira, ainzi Kilan, uyo aigeza chifananidzo chamwari wetemberi neropa. Zvichienderana netsika, vana Chaacs vaidonhedza chitunha pasi pamasitepisi etemberi kusvika paberere pasi, apo vapristi vatsigiri vaizobvisa ganda, kunze kwemaoko netsoka.
Gare gare, El Chilan, akabvisa zvipfeko zvake zvetsika ndokupfeka ganda romunhu akanga abayirwa, kuti atange kutamba kwetsika kwaimirira kuberekwazve kuupenyu. Muchiitiko chokuti akanga ari murwi akashinga zvikuru, uyo aibayirwa, chitunha chake chaiparadzaniswa nepakati uye zvikamu zvacho zvaidyiwa nevarwi nevamwe vabatsiri.
Ukuwo maoko nemakumbo zvaipihwa vaChilani, avo kana vari vemusungwa wehondo, aizochengeta mapfupa semubairo. Maererano nezvidzidzo zvekuchera matongo, zvibayiro zveMayan, uko mwoyo wakatorwa, kubva pakuguma kweClassic period.
zvibayiro nemiseve
Miitiro yakasiyana-siyana yaiumbwa nechibayiro chemiseve yokupfura. Maitirwo acho aingofanana nekubvisa moyo, sezvo munhu wacho aibviswawo hembe, pendi yeblue nekumanikidzwa kupfeka ngowani yakapinza. Gare gare yakasungirirwa padanda apo kutamba kwetsika kwaiitwa, uko ropa raibudiswa munhengo dzokubereka nadzo, vachishandisa minzwa yavakazora nayo mufananidzo wamwari.
Ipapo pamusoro pemwoyo wenyajambwa, chiratidzo chichena chakapendwa, icho chakanga chiri chiratidzo chaishanda sechinhu chinonangwa nokuda kwavapfuri vouta. Vanhu vaitamba vakapfuura pamberi pemufi, ukuwo miseve yaipfurwa zvichitevedzana, iyo yakazoguma chipfuva chese chazara maporomoko.
Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvibayiro zveMayan, izvo zvakadzokera kunguva yekare uye inotsanangurwa mu graffiti iri pamadziro eTemberi II yeTikal. Mubhuku rekunyora Los Cantares de Dzitbalché, inova muunganidzwa wenhetembo dzeYucatecan Mayan, yakatanga muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX, inotsanangura chibayiro nemuseve munhetembo mbiri. Iko kunofungidzirwa kuti vanoumba makopi enhetembo dzezana ramakore regumi neshanu, apo nguva yePostclassic yakapfuura.
Imwe yenhetembo idzi inonzi Museve Kadiki, unova rwiyo rwunokurudzira nyakushungurudzwa kuti ashinge uye adzikame. Nepo imwe nhetembo inodaidzwa kuti Archer's Dance, yaive chikamu chetsika yekukudza zuva rinobuda. Izvi zvinoumbwa nemirayiridzo yomupfuri, kwaanoudzwa nzira yokugadzirira nayo miseve yake, uyewo matambiro aanofanira kuita katatu achitenderedza munhu wacho.
Zvakadai, mubati wepagedhi akarairwa kuti asapfure kusvika round rechipiri, aifanirawo kuona kuti munhu afa zvishoma nezvishoma. Muchikamu chechitatu, panguva yekutamba, muchengeti wepagedhi aifanira kupfura kaviri.
Tsika
Ruzivo pamusoro pemitambo yeMayan inotsanangurwa zvakanyanya munhoroondo uye macodex aripo, mhedzisiro yekuferefetwa kwemamishinari ethnographers akawanikwa mushure mekukunda kweSpain kweYucatan uye tsananguro yekuchera matongo yakaitika gare gare.
Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti zvinyorwa zvishoma zvine chekuita nezvinyorwa zvekare zvebudiriro iyi zvakawanikwa, zvichipa kuvimbika kukuru, kunyanya kune izvo zvakaitika munguva yepostclassic. Imwe yeanonyanya kuferefeta maererano nenyaya iyi ndeye yakaitwa naDiego de Landa.
Zvisinei, zvinyorwa zvekuchera matongo zvakapararira apo kuchera kwaiitwa, izvo zvakabvumira zvizhinji zvezvakatsanangurwa panguva iyoyo nevanyori vekutanga kuti vasimbiswe. Kuvandudzwa kwakakodzera kwaive kwakabatana nekududzirwa kweshoko reMayan. yakagadzirwa pakati pe-1950s, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kunzwisisa magirafu akavezwa mumatemberi akasiyana-siyana.
Saizvozvowo, kuchera uye zvidzidzo zvehupenzi zvezvisaririra zvevanhu zvakatibvumirawo kudzidza nezvezera, zvepabonde uye chikonzero cherufu rwevakabatwa nezvibayiro zveMayan. Dzidza zvakawanda nezve Mwari moto weMayan.
Iyi budiriro yeMesoamerican yakapinda mumitambo yakawanda netsika dzakaitwa pamazuva akatarwa egore. Uko rutivi rukuru rwazvo rwaibatanidza zvibayiro zvemhuka umo kubudiswa kweropa kwaivapowo. Maererano nezvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinofungidzirwa kuti maitiro ose aya anobva kune veOlmec, avo vaiva vekutanga kubudirira munharaunda.
Zvibayiro zveMayan zvaiwanzoitwa pachena uye zvaiitwa nevatungamiriri vechitendero kana vezvematongerwo enyika, izvo zvakabaya nzvimbo yakapfava yemuviri, kunyanya rurimi, nzeve, kana chikanda chepamberi. Kuitira kuchengeta ropa uye gare gare kuriparadzira zvakananga pamusoro pechifananidzo. Yakaunganidzwawo pabepa rakazopiswa.
Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti munzvimbo iyo Nicaragua iripo ikozvino, ropa rakasvibiswa pamusoro pezviyo, rakagoverwa pakati pevanhu uye rakabikwa muchingwa chitsvene. Kana ropa racho raitorwawo kubva kuvakadzi vaive nechinzvimbo chepamusoro uye kubva pachikanda chepamberi chevarume vechidiki.
Nzvimbo yaiunganidzwa yaiva yakakosha zvikuru pakuita tsika yacho. Maererano nedzimwe ongororo, zvainzi zvakachengeteka zvachose kuti ropa renhengo yesikarudzi nesikarudzi ndiro rinoyera zvikuru. Uye yakanga ine simba rinoshamisa rokuisa fetiraiza. Saizvozvowo, tsika dzakadaro dzaionekwa sechinokosha pakuvandudza zvinhu zvakasikwa, kunyanya zvinomera zvinorimwa.
Maererano nokumwe rondedzero, varume nevakadzi vaisangana mutemberi ndokumira mumutsetse. Ivo ipapo mumwe nemumwe akaboora buri munhengo parutivi rumwe norumwe, ndokupfuura nepakati petambo yakawanda sezvinobvira. Nenzira iyi, vose vakabatana uye vakasungwa vakazodza chifananidzo, chairangarirwa nevaSpain sekunamata zuva reBhora kubva muBhaibheri.
Kuzvipira kwaivawo chiitiko chemazuva ose. Kunyanya nevanhu vaipfuura pedyo nemufi vachimuzora ropa rakatorwa ipapo izvo zvaireva tsitsi. Zvisinei, avo vaiva vafundisi veSpain vaishora zvibairo zvevaMayan zvine chokuita neropa, sorudzi rune mukurumbira wakashata zvikuru rwokurambwa kwomuzvarirwo.
Zvipfuwo
MuMesoamerica makanga musina mhuka dzakapfuyiwa, dzakadai semakwai, mombe, uye nguruve. Naizvozvo mapuroteni emhuka uye zvinobva muropa zvakawanikwa kuburikidza nekuvhima. Nondo yewhite-tailed ndiyo mhuka yainyanya kushandiswa kupira maMayan uye kudya kwemhemberero.
Zvisinei, mugumisiro wezvidzidzo zvekuchera matongo hautsananguri mutsauko wakajeka pamusoro pekushandiswa kwenyika uye kutsvene kwemhuka. Mushure memhembwe, mhuka dzainyanya kushandiswa pazvibayiro zveMayan dzaive imbwa neshiri dzakasiyana. Uko kwakapiwa zvidhori misoro yavo.
Zvakare zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvisikwa zvekunze zvakaita sejaguar nema alligators zvaive chikamu chezvibairo zveMayan. Naizvozvo, kubayirwa kwemhuka yaive tsika yakajairika isati yatanga chero chiitiko chakatanhamara kana sangano.
Saizvozvowo, De Landa, uyo akanga ari bhishopi wechipiri weYucatan, akaita tsananguro ine chokuita nemitambo netsika dzekarenda. Nekudaro, hapana chimwe chezviitiko izvi zvinowanzoitika zvaireva zvibayiro zveMayan. Zvichireva kuti vazivisi vavo vebudiriro iyi havana ruzivo nezvavo. Eya, zvichida mufundisi angadai akaomerwa nokubvisa mashoko akadaro.
Zvinowanzotsanangurwa kuti maonero echinyakare ndeekuti nhengo dzeMesoamerican budiriro yanga isina simba pakuita zvibayiro zvevanhu pane mamwe budiriro.
Kutaura zvazviri, Bancroft anotsanangura zvine chokuita nechiitiko icho muMexico chaizove chiratidzo chorufu nokuda kwechibayiro chevanhu vakaurayiwa. Izvo zvaizoitika muYucatan kuburikidza nerufu rwembwa ine mavara. Zvisinei, mugumisiro wezvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinyorwa zvekuchera matongo zvinotsigira kuti chibayiro chevanhu chakanga chiri kure nekusazivikanwa nesangano reMesoamerican.
Reference inoitwawo kune chokwadi chekuti guta reMayan reChichen Itza raive nzvimbo huru yesimba redunhu rebudiriro iyi. Munguva yeLate Classic, yezvibayiro zvevanhu. Ziva zvese zvine chekuita nazvo Mayan maguta.
Pamusoro paikoko, kune migero miviri yomusikirwo, kana kuti cenotes, panzvimbo yetaundi, iyo ingadai yakagovera mugove wakakura wemvura yokunwa. Kuve wakapamhama muNzvimbo Inoera kana Tsime reChibayiro. Nzvimbo iyo vanyajambwa vakawanda vaikandwa sechinopiwa kuna mwari wemvura Chaac.
Mutambo webhora
Kuvapo kwezvibayiro zveMayan kwakaratidzwa mubasa iri remitambo, maererano nemigumisiro yekuongorora kwakasiyana-siyana kwekuchera matongo, mushure menguva yekare. Kunyanya mutsika dzaive munharaunda yeVeracruz.
Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti munzvimbo iyoyo zvinomiririra zvakakosha zvezvibairo zveMayan zvinocherechedzwa pamapuranga emutambo uyu. Kunyanya izvo zvakagadzirwa muTajín, Chichén Itzá uye muAparicio iri muVeracruz.
MuPopol Vuh, rimwe remabhuku anokosha ekare eAmerica, kunewo tsanangudzo dzine chokuita nehurukuro iyi. Maererano nevamwe vatsvakurudzi, ichi chinyorwa cheMayan chinonziwo chisaririra chinoshamisa chepfungwa yevaAborigine yeNyika Itsva.
Muongorori wezvinocherwa mumatongo Miguel Rivera Dorado, akaita ongororo dzakatevedzana. Kwaakatsanangura kuti imwe yezvinomiririra zvibayiro zveMayan muPopol Vuh, inoratidzwa muchitsauko XXI. Ikoko tsika dzekuvhura bhokisi uye parutivi rwevanhu kuti vabudise mwoyo zvinodzokororwa, izvo zvaiumba chibayiro chemunhu.
Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti mumaitiro aiitwa nevaMaya, maitiro acho aive akavakirwa pakuvhura chipfuva nekuchirova zvakanyanya. Nebanga redombo, munzvimbo yekuruboshwe, kunyanya pakati pembabvu. Vakabva vapinza ruoko kuburitsa moyo. Uye vakairatidza payakanga ichiri kurova kuti isvike pakuguma nokuichengeta mutireyi yematombo vozoipisa.
Imwe nzira iyo zvibayiro zveMayan zvaiitwa, kunze kwecardiotomy, yaive nekuita decapitation. Izvo zvaienderana netsika yaiitwa. Kufanana nezvine chokuita nehondo, kutya kwaida vakwikwidzi uye kutonga, pane dzimwe nguva, kwevagari vemo.
Mune iyi tsika yeMesoamerican, mipiro yeropa yakaitwa zvakare. Mhando iyi yetsika inotsanangurwa muchitsauko XXII chePopol Vuh. Panguva yokurondedzera kugutsikana kwainzwiwa nevabayiri neminzwa nebwebwe. Izvo zvaisanganisira kucheka kana kuboora makumbo, maoko, nzeve, ndimi nenzvimbo dzepedyo. Kuzviita nemanta ray spines uye flint kana obsidian lancets.
Ropa rakabva rachengetwa mumidziyo yaiva nezvimedu zvemakwati emuti. Kana yanyatsonyorova uye yaoma, yaipiswa, kuitira kuti utsi hwaizotungamirira mupiro kuna vamwari. Neiyi nzira, vanhu vakapa ropa ravo, iro raimirira chinhu choupenyu, kumatenga. Nechinangwa chekugadzira rudzi rwemusanganiswa pakati pevanhu nemasimba makuru emuchadenga.
Nokudaro, zvibayiro zveMayan zvakatsanangurwa mumabasa akawanda eunyanzvi hwehupfumi huno. Imo vasungwa vaionekwa vachibairwa mushure mekunge varasikirwa nemutambo. Zvisinei, mumaguta akaita seTajín neChichén Itzá, zvibayiro izvi zvakaitirwa vatambi uye mutungamiriri weboka rinokunda.
Saizvozvo, kudimburwa misoro kwakaitwa mumutambo webhora. Iyo yakawanikwa yakamiririrwa muhuwandu hwemifananidzo yemifananidzo, apo misoro yakagurwa yakaonekwa. Iyo inotsanangurwa zvakare muPopol Vuh.
Mukududzirwa kwechiAztec kwemutambo webhora, misoro yevatambi veboka rakanga rarasikirwa nemutambo uyu yakaiswa paatari. Iyo yakagamuchira zita reTzompantli, iri pedyo nemunda. vakabayira ropa revatambi ivavo sezvokudya zvavamwari. Kune vanotoita tsvakurudzo vakaona kuti misoro yaishandiswawo semabhora.
Dzimwe nzira
Pakati pemamwe maitiro ezvibairo zveMayan, pane imwe yeiyo inomiririrwa muLate Classic graffiti. Muchimiro chakavigwa pasi peGroup G paTikal. Panoratidzwa munhu ainge akasungwa maoko kuseri kwemusoro, ukuwo matumbu achiburitswa panze. Zvakare munguva yeClassic, zvipiriso zvaiitwa zvaisanganisira kuviga munhu ari mupenyu.
Mamwe aisanganisira kukanda vanhu sezvipo munguva yekusanaya kwemvura, nzara, kana kurwara. MuSacred Cenote iri muChichen Itzá. Raive gomba remusikirwo raiyera hupamhi hunosvika 50 metres. Uye donhwe remamita makumi maviri pamusoro pemvura, iyo yaive yakadzika mamita makumi maviri. Kana iwe wanga uchifarira ruzivo mune ino chinyorwa, iwe unogona zvakare kuda kuziva zvakawanda nezve Mayan jaguar.