Pinda ino inonakidza chinyorwa kwaunogona kudzidza nesu mutauro upi uyo Jesu akataura nevadzidzi vake. Iyi ndiyo yaive nzira yaikurukura naIshe nevadzidzi vake paakaparidza shoko raMwari pasi pano.
Jesu aitaura mutauro upi nevadzidzi vake?
Jesu panguva yehupenyu hwake uye yeruzhinji basa pasi pano aitaura nevanhu achivadzidzisa iro shoko reHumambo hwaMwari kuburikidza nemifananidzo. Izvo zvaunogona kudzidza zvakawanda pane iyi link: Zvakanakisa mifananidzo yaJesu uye zvarinoreva zvebhaibheri.
Jesu kuburikidza nekufananidza, kwekufananidzira, kuratidza uye nyaya dzinovimbika akadzidzisa vanhu, kuti vagone kunzwisisa meseji yaMwari. Asi Jesu aitaura sei nevadzidzi vake? kana,Jesu akataura nemutauro upi nevadzidzi vake?
Ino nguva tichaita dissertion pane uyu musoro wenyaya, tichitanga nemitauro ingangodaro yakataurwa uye kugona naJesu. Zvakare nekuziva mutauro upi uyo Jesu akataura nevadzidzi vake uye nevamwe vanhu.
Zvakare, senzira yekuwana nzwisiso iri nani yenyaya iyi, gare gare muchinyorwa chino. Pachave zvakare nekupfupiswa kwenyaya yezvakaitika Jesu zvaakatamira, kunyanya zvine chekuita nenzvimbo, nguva, tsika nemagariro.
Jesu aitaura mitauro ipi?
Hapana kusahadzika kwekupedzisira kuti Jesu akafamba pasi pano, achidzidzisa izwi raBaba vake Mwari uye neshoko reHumambo hwake. Zvinozivikanwa zvakare kuti panguva yehupenyu hwake hwepachena, Jesu aiperekedzwa nevadzidzi vake gumi nevaviri.
Nekudaro, kunyangwe nanhasi pane chimwe chikamu chehupenyu hwaJesu icho chichigere kukwikwidzana. Musoro uyu unoreva mutauro upi uyo Jesu akataura nevadzidzi vake uye zvakajairika nevanhu vese paakaramba ari pasi pano.
Kupa kumwe kujekesa kuchinhu ichi, vamwe vanyori venhoroondo vanovhenekera isu pamitauro inogona kutaurwa naJesu. Chekutanga, vanyori venhoroondo vanowirirana kuti mutauro wechiHebheru ndiwo mutauro waitaurwa nevatungamiriri vechiJuda, vadzidzi uye vanoziva Mutemo waMosesi.
Chechipiri, vanosvikawo pakubvuma kuti mutauro wezuva nezuva wakataurwa naJesu ungangove mutauro wechiAramaiki. Kunyangwe Jesu aifanira kunge aigona mutauro wechiHebheru wemadzitateguru ake.
Chechitatu, vanyori venhoroondo vanofunga nezvekuti Jesu aigona sei kutaura chiLatin, asi nemutauro wechiGiriki. Uye ndezvekuti munguva yaJesu ndima yePalestine yaive huwandu hwetsika, umo mukuwedzera kumaligi echiHebheru neechiAramaiki, chiLatin nechiGiriki zvaitaurwawo.
ChiLatin yaive mutauro wevagari vemuRoma munzvimbo iyi sehumambo hwezvematongerwo enyika hwaitonga. Kune chikamu chayo, chiGiriki, nekuda kwemabasa ekutengesa, yaive imwe yemitauro inotaurwa nematunhu ePalestine.
Mitauro yaitaurwa nevadzidzi vaJesu
Kana vari vadzidzi vaJesu, ava vaive maJuda, vangangoita vese vaibva kuGarirea uye kunyangwe vamwe vavo vaigona chiGiriki. Nekudaro, vese zvavo vaigona kutaura zvakanyanya muchiAramaiki uye, uyezve, ivo vaigona zvakaenzana muchiHeberu semudzidzisi wavo Jesu.
Ndataura izvozvo, uye kuti upindure mubvunzo:Jesu akataura nemutauro upi nevadzidzi vake? Zvirokwazvo, ichi chaive chiAramaiki semutauro wekutaurirana mazuva ese pakati pavo, asi zvinogona zvakare kuti ivo vaitaurirana mumutauro wemadzitateguru avo, mutauro wechiHebheru.
Asi, pane zvakare pfungwa yemudzidzisi wemuIsrael kana rabhi uyo anoratidza kuti Jesu angangodaro akataura muchiAramaiki. Uye zvakare kuti ainyatsoziva mutauro wechiHebheru, nekuti zvinyorwa zvinoyera zvakange zvakanyorwa zvakanyanya mumutauro iwoyo, uye zvimwe zvishoma zvikamu zvakanyorwa muchiAramaiki.
Jesu aitaura mutauro upi nevadzidzi vake nevamwe?
Uyu mudzidzisi weIsrael anowedzera zvakare kuti, munguva yaJesu, chiHebheru ndiwo mutauro waitaurwa pakati pevanhu vepasi. Zvichida neruzivo urwu uye nekuziva kuti ndirwo rudzi rwevanhu rwakasvika Jesu, Anogona kunge akataura nevanhu muchiHebheru.
Zvakadaro, vanyori vezvakaitika kare, vatsoropodzi vemuBhaibheri pamwe nedzimwe dzidziso dzezvitendero; vanobvumirana kuti mutauro wakashandiswa zvakanyanya naJesu kutaura angave waiva wechiAramaiki.
Zvinovimbiswa nevatsvakurudzi vese izvi ndezvekuti Jesu haana kushandisa chiLatin kuti ataure. Vanotenda kuti hongu, kuti Jesu aigona kuziva chiGiriki nekupedza chikamu chikuru chehupenyu hwake mudunhu reGarireya.
Garirea yaive dunhu rekuyerera kukuru kwekushambadzira uye kufamba kwevatorwa, kunyanya maGreek. Mutauro wechiGiriki waive zvakare mutauro wekuwedzera muganho weRoma, waitaurwa nevamiriri vehurumende, pamwe nemumaguta eDecapolis kwaigara tsika dzechiGiriki.
Kune chikamu chayo, chiLatin chaitaurwa kupfuura zvese nevezvematongerwo enyika nevemauto ehurumende yeRoma yaivepo panguva yaJesu.
Nguva yakafamba Jesu nevadzidzi vake
Ishe Jesu Kirisito vakazvarwa panguva iyo nyika yePalestine yaive pasi pehutongi hwehutongi hwehumambo hweRoma. Roma yakanga yamisa simba rayo mudunhu rino, mushure mekukunda kweguta reJerusarema, makore makumi matanhatu nemana Jesu asati azvarwa.
General Pompey Mukuru aive mutungamiri weRoma kuti awane kukunda mukutapwa kweJerusarema. Saka nekudaro, semunguva idzodzo, Roma yakapa zviratidzo zvekukunda kwayo.
Achikunda hushe hwake hukuru matunhu aive akatenderedza bheseni reMediterranean, kureva, uye kumadokero - kumabvazuva - kumadokero nzira: Kubva kuSpain kuenda kuCarthage. Roma yakanga yakwanisawo kukunda nekumisa humambo pamusoro peumambo hweGirisi, zvichiita kuti nguva yesimba reHellenistic revaGiriki inyangarike.
Izvo zvakati, zvakakosha kuti uone kuti Mwari vanosarudza sei chaizvo nguva ino yekuti Mwanakomana wake azvarwe. Iyo nguva iyo, iyo nzvimbo iyo Mesia aizozvarirwa kunhume yaMwari, yakavandudza mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzetsika kana budiriro dzakasiyana nedzechiJuda.
Tichitarisa magwaro matsvene, iyi nhoroondo yenhoroondo inotibvumira kunzwisisa zvirinani ndima yemubhaibheri kubva muEvangeri raJohane. Kana zviri zvaJesu achiuya munyika yakaitwa naye, uye nokuda kwake, asi nyika haina kumuziva.
Johane 1: 11-14 (PDT): 11 Akauya munyika yake, asi vanhu vake havana kumugamuchira. 12 Asi kune avo vakamugamuchira uye vakatenda kwaari, akavapa kodzero yekuva vana vaMwari.13 Ivo vana vaMwari, asi kwete nekuzvarwa panyama; Izvo hazvina chekuita nechero chiito chemunhu kana chishuwo. Vari vana vake nekuti Mwari vanozvida nenzira iyoyo. 14 Shoko rakava munhu uye rakagara pakati pedu, rizere nerudo rukuru uye chokwadi. Isu takaona kubwinya kwake, iko kubwinya kuri kweMwanakomana mumwe oga waBaba.
Naizvozvo Jesu Kristu haana kuzvarwa mune imwe nguva kana nzvimbo. Nekuti, iyi nhoroondo yezvakaitika inotiisa mune imwe nguva nenzvimbo iyo Mwari muhurongwa hwake hwakakwana hwakafanirwa nekugadzwa kwevanhu vake vepasirese, kereke yaJesu Kristu.
Vanhu vepasirese vaizove kuzadzikiswa kwevimbiso yaMwari kuna Abrahama:
Genesi 22:17 (NASB): Zvino zvirokwazvo ndichakuropafadza, uye ndichawanza zvikuru mbeu yako; Senyeredzi dzedenga uye sejecha riri pamhenderekedzo yegungwa, uye vana vako vachatora suwo revavengi vavo.
VaGaratia 3:16 (NASB): Zvino zvivimbiso zvakaitwa kuna Abhurahama uye nekumbeu yake. Aihwa inoti: «uye kumwana», Sekureva kune vazhinji, asi asi to a: "Uye newe mbeu», ndiko kuti, Kristu.
Mitauro panguva yaJesu
Munguva dzaJesu uye munzvimbo dzaaifamba, matareji echiSemite akafanana nemaJuda akataurwa nezvawo. Iwe unogona zvakare kuwana dzimwe tsika dzinotaura mimwe mitauro senge chiLatin uye chiGiriki.
ChiAramaic:
Mutauro wechiAramaiki ndiwo mumwe wemitauro miviri yechiSemite yaitaurwa nemaJuda munguva yaJesu. Mutauro wechiAramaiki uyu wainge wakabatana zvikuru nemutauro wechiHebheru; uye matatu makuru nguva anogona kusiyaniswa kubva pairi:
- Nguva yekare: ChiAramaiki chekare ndechepakati pezana remakore rechipfumbamwe nerechina nguva yechiKristu isati yasvika.
- Nguva yepakati: Mutauro wechiAramaiki uyu ndewemwaka uri pakati pezana ramakore rechitatu nguva yechiKristu isati yasvika, anosvika mazana maviri emakore mushure maKristu.
- Nguva yekupedzisira: ChiAramaiki ichi chiri munhambo iri pakati pemazana maviri nemazana mapfumbamwe emakore mushure maKristu.
Mutauro wechiAramaiki wenguva yaJesu ndeweMiddle Period. Asi panguva ino mhando mbiri dzemitauro dzinogona kusiananiswa.
MuAramaiki aitaura muGarirea uye neuyo akataura mudunhu reJudhiya, iro guta guru reJerusarema. ChiAramaiki cheGarirea, uyo zvakare waiva mutauro wakataurwa naJesu nevadzidzi vake, waive nyore kusiyanisa.
Zvikuru zvekuti maJuda enharaunda yeJudhiya vakaseka kutaura kwevaGarirea. Achivaziva nekukurumidza nekutaura, muevhangeri Mateo anonyora zvakanaka kuti:
Mateo 26:73 (NASB): Nguva pfupi yapfuura, avo vaivapo vakauya kuna Peter ndokuti: - Chokwadi iwe uri mumwe wavo. Kunyangwe munzira yako yekutaura inoratidza.
ChiHebheru: Mumwe mutauro wechiSemite unotaurwa zvakanyanya nevatungamiriri vechiJuda uye vaturikiri vemutemo.
Kushungurudzika: Kubva pakawedzera humambo hweHellenistic, tsika iyi, pamwe nemutauro wechiGiriki, zvakakwanisa kupinda munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana pamwe nemagariro enharaunda yechiJudha. Kunyanya zvakadaro muGarirea neNazareta, iro guta raJesu paudiki nehudiki hwake.
Iko vagadziri vakazoziva mutauro wechiGreek nekuda kwekutengeserana nekutungamira kweiyo nguva.
Nzvimbo iyo Jesu akafamba nevadzidzi vake
Jesu akafamba nevadzidzi vake nemumatunhu nemaguta akasiyana kuti aite hushumiri hwake hwepanyika. Idzi nzvimbo dzese dzaive dzedunhu rePalestine, iri kumabvazuva kwemuganhu weMediterranean.
Uye izvo zvakare, sekutaura kwambotaurwa, yaive chikamu chehushe hweRoma. Saka kuti iwe ugone kuzvitsvaga iwe pachako nenharaunda ino, ndinokurudzira kuti upinde uone pano: Iyo mepu yePalestine munguva yaJesu.
Muchinyorwa chino chinonakidza kuongororwa kwenzvimbo kwataurwa kunoitwa, izvo zvinoita kuti tinzwisise zvakanyanya kukosha kweshoko uye ukuru hwaIshe Jesu Kristu. Nenzira imwecheteyo, zvinhu zvakaita sesangano rezvematongerwo enyika, dzidziso dzezvitendero, mapoka emagariro uye yakawanda yenharaunda yePalestine yenguva idzodzo dzinorapwa.
Nhasi, nzvimbo dzese dzakafamba Jesu nevadzidzi vake dzinozivikanwa seNyika Tsvene. Nekudaro, iyi nyika haina kuzivikanwa senyika iri mukati meUnited Nations (UN), inongotarisirwa senzvimbo, iyo Dunhu rePalestine.
Parizvino, iyo Palestine Territory iri munzvimbo inozivikanwa seMiddle East. Kunyangwe Mwari aigona kusarudza Roma senzvimbo yekuberekerwa yeMwanakomana wake Jesu, sezvo raive iro guta repakati nepakati pehumambo hweRoma hwemazuva ano hwakabudirira, asi haadaro.
Asi, Mwari vanovhiringidza nyika nekusarudza nzvimbo yakavanda yehushe hweRoma kuti ive nzvimbo ichaitirwa Jesu hupenyu hwake nebasa reruzhinji.
Belen
Nzvimbo yakasarudzwa naMwari kuzadzisa chiporofita chakaziviswa nevaporofita, pamusoro pekuzvarwa kwaMesiya, guta reBheterehema:
Mika 5: 2 (NIV): Iwe, Belen Ephrata, uri mudiki kuva pakati pemhuri dzaJudha; asi uyo achava Ishe achabuda mauri Muna Israeri. Kwayakatangira kunodzokera pakutanga chaiko, kumazuva ekusingaperi.
Josefa naMariya vaigara muguta reNazareta, munharaunda yeGarireya, asi vaifanira kutamira kuguta reBhetrehema, guta ravakabva muJudhiya. Rwendo urwu rwakaitika Maria paakanga ava nepamuviri paJesu uye nekuda kwekuverengwa kwevanhu kwakarayirwa naMambo weRoma panguva iyoyo, Augustus Caesar.
MaJuda ese aifanirwa kunyoresa kunzvimbo yavo yekuzvarwa uye Josefa naMariya vakabva kuBhetrehema. Zvisinei, Jesu aberekwa, Josefa naMaria vanoenda nemwana kuJerusarema.
Sezvo mazuva ekupemberera mutambo wekunatsa wechiJudha mutembere waiswedera, saka vaitofanira kuzvinatsa. Uye zvakare, ivo vaifanirawo kutevedzera Mutemo waMosesi, nezve kuunzwa kwedangwe uye kupira chibayiro kuna Mwari mutembere yeJerusarema. Mushure meizvi Josefa, Maria nemucheche vanodzokera kuNazareta reGarirea.
Ruka 2: 39 (NIV 1960): Mushure mekuita zvese zvakatemwa mumutemo waIshe, vakadzokera kuGarirea, kuguta ravo reNazareta.
Garirea
Garirea ndiyo yaive nzvimbo yakawanzoitika hupenyu hweruzhinji hwaJesu, chokwadi chekuti kumabvazuva kwenharaunda iyi kune Gungwa reGenesareti, iro rinonziwo Gungwa reGarirea. Izvo zvakakonzera huwandu hwevanhu veGarireya kukura mudunhu remahombekombe ekumadokero kwegungwa iri guru.
Nekuve munzvimbo iyoyo chikamu chakanakisa cheminda inorimwa uye ine zvibereko zveGarirea, pamwe nenharaunda yese yePalestine. Idzi nzvimbo dzakabereka zvibereko zveGarirea dzaitarisirwa nevaridzi vashoma vevaridzi, ruzhinji rwuchiuya kubva kuJerusarema.
Iyo yakasara yenzvimbo yeGarirea yakagarwa nevanhu vashoma vepakati-vepakati vanhu, vaive vatengesi uye mhizha. Kana vari varombo kirasi kana vanhu vanozvininipisa, vakaumba huwandu hukuru hwevagari vemuGarirea.
Muzhinji, vanhu veGarirea vaionekwa sevagari vemamwe matunhu ePalestine, sevanhu vanoshanda nesimba, vanokakavara uye vanopandukira hutongi hweRoma. Kupesana nemaJuda eruwa rweJudhiya vaive vagara nekumisikidza hurumende yakavhengana pakati peRoma namambo weJudhiya, Herodhi mukuru.
Garirea nyika yemamwe marudzi
Kufamba kukuru kwekutengesa kwevatorwa vechihedheni kwakaitika muGarireya kuburikidza neGungwa reGenesareti. Akaita kuti dunhu iri rizivikanwe sedunhu revaHedeni kana mahedheni, kureva kuti, vanhu vasiri maJuda:
Mateo 4:15 (NIV): -Nyika yeZebhuruni neNafutari, mhiri kwaJoridhani, pamhenderekedzo yegungwa. Garirea, uko kunogara vahedheni.
Ndicho chikonzero nei vamwe vevadzidzi vaJesu vaibva kuguta reBhetisaidha, kumahombekombe ekumabvazuva kweGungwa reGarirea. Kana achiudza Natanaeri, aizovewo mudzidzi, nezvaJesu uye nekwaakabva, anofanira kupindura nenzira iyi:
Johane 1: 45-46 (NASB): 45 Firipi akaenda kunotsvaga Natanieri ndokuti kwaari: -Tamuwana iye akanyorwa nezvake naMosesi mumabhuku emutemo, uye nezvakanyorwawo nevaporofita. NdiJesu, mwanakomana waJosefa, weNazareta. 46 Natanaeri ndokuti:Pamwe chimwe chinhu chakanaka chinogona kubuda muNazareta? Felipe akapindura: -Uya utarise.
Nazareta
Nazareta, guta riri mudunhu reGarireya kuchamhembe kwePalestine, yaive nzvimbo yakashandiswa Jesu paudiki hwake nehudiki nevabereki vake. Ndokunge, chikamu chehupenyu hwakavanzika hwaIshe Jesu Kristu hwaigara muguta rino reNazareta.
Muguta reNazareta, panguva yaJesu, hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevakuru hwakapfuura pakati pemabasa muminda, basa repamba uye tsika dzechitendero. Kana vari vakomana, vasikana vaigara nevakadzi vakuru vemhuri, vachidzidza kubva pamabasa avo.
Apo vakomana vakadzidza mabasa anoitwa nevabereki vavo. Asi vabereki vaive nebasa rekuraira vana vavo nezvezvinyorwa zvitsvene, maererano nekudzidza nemusoro tsika dzechiJuda dzainamatwa mukunamatwa kwaMwari mumasinagoge.
Muzvikoro zvavanarabhi vana vakadzidziswa mutsika dzechiJuda uye vakadzidza kuverenga magwaro matsvene mumutauro wechiHebheru. Ikoko vana vakadzidza nemuromo magwaro echiJuda akadai se: Torah, Talmud, Misna uye mabhuku evaporofita.
Nenzira iyi vakomana nevasikana vaive vakagadzirira kuzadzikisa zvisungo zvavo zvechitendero muhupenyu hwemhuri, masinagoge uye mutembere panguva yekushanya kuJerusarema. Kana zviri zvekunyora, zvaingodzidziswa kune vashoma uye sarudza nhamba yevakomana.
Kana zviri zvemutauro waitaurwa muNazareta uye nemuGarireya pakati pevagari vechiJuda, waive mutauro wechiAramaiki. Nekuti ndirwo rurimi rwamai rwavakakurira nemukomana nemusikana wese wechiJuda, nenzira imwecheteyo, pakati penharaunda dzevaJudha kupesana kwavo kwekutengeserana kwakaitwa zvese mumutauro wechiAramaic.
Kupedza tinokukoka kuti uenderere mberi nesu uchiziva zvakawanda pamusoro paIshe nekuverenga chinyorwa Hutungamiri hwaJesu: Zvimiro, mipiro uye nezvimwe.
