MUFANANIDZO: JOSÉ ANTONIO PEÑAS / SINC [yakabudiswa: nationalgeographic.com
Dzimwe nguva, zvinonzi zvinokwanisika kuti vachiri kugara mumvura dzemugungwa. Pamusoro pezvose, muzvikamu zvisingakwanisi kutsanangurwa umo zvitunha zvakaora zvebasking shark zvinowanikwa kana kunyengera. Nyangwe hapana humbowo kuramba uripo.
Chii chinonzi plesiosaur?
Plesiosaurs yakanzi "marine dinosaurs," asi haifaniri kunzi dinosaurs. Mhuka idzi yaigara mumakungwa pakati pemamiriyoni 200 ne65 emakore apfuura. Paaifamba nomumakungwa, akanga akazara panyika yose.
Sezvavaive?
Mumvura maigara mhuka idzi kana mhuka dzemugungwa dzainzi maplesiosaurs. Zvavo miviri yakanga yakafara uye cylindrical, yakakura, uye yaigona kusvika mamita gumi nemashanu pakureba; musoro wavo waive mudiki uye mutsipa wavo wakareba kwazvo, muswe waivewo mupfupi uye vaive nawo zvimbi hombe kufamba nyore.
Mhuka idzi Vaigara pamwe chete muzera remadinosaur uye vakaparara panguva imwe chete., asi, vakanga vasina ukama pedyo nemadinosaur. Naizvozvo havafanirwe kutorwa seakadaro.
Vakararama pakadzika pasi pemvura nekuda kwekuda kwavo kufema kunze wavo.
Vave vachirondedzerwa kakawanda se "kamba dzine nyoka mukati" asi hapana chokuita neimwe kana imwe. Vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti mhuka idzi dzaibuda kunokandira mazai adzo kunze kwemvura uye mushure mekuchechenywa dzinozvikwevera mumvura zvakare. Hapana chinopfuura kubva kune chokwadi, dzakabereka vana vadzo, sezvinoita mhuka inoyamwisa.
Kutuhwina kwavo kwaigona kuita semapenguin. Kureva kuti, dzakafamba kunge dziri kubhururuka mumvura.
Iyo plesiosaur muIberian Peninsula
MuIberic Peninsule zvakakosha zvakasara zvakasara zvakawanikwa muMorella (Castellón). Mune idzi dhipoziti, vertebra yeplesiosaur yakawanikwa, iyo kusvika panguva iyoyo hapana chakasara chakawanikwa mupeninsula: iyo leptocleid.
Iyo Leptocleid
vaiva plesiosaurs zvidiki, kazhinji vaigona kusvika 3 metres pakureba uye aiva nemutsipa mupfupi. Kunyanya, idzi dzakagara mumvura isina kudzika.
Mhuka dzakawanikwa mukati Morella anofanira kunge akagara munzvimbo iyi makore 125 miriyoni apfuura, iyo yaizoenderana neLower Cretaceous. Tinofanira kufunga kuti peninsula yakachinja zvikuru kwemazana emakore uye panguva iyoyo paizova nehombe delta pamhenderekedzo.
Munyaya ye leptocleids, Zvinotendwa kuti kunze kwemvura yegungwa vakakwanisa kugadzirisa kumvura ine brackish uye vanogara pedyo nemiromo yenzizi uye pedyo nezvinhu.
plesiosaur evolution
plesiosaurs vazhinji vekare vakawanikwa, vaive nemusoro mudiki uye mitsipa mirefu kwazvo. Izvi zvaizoitika makore 220 miriyoni apfuura muUpper Triassic, izvo zvaizotungamira kumagumo ezvienzaniso zveiyi mhuka yekare pakutanga kweJurassic.
Kushanduka kweava ekutanga kwakaonekwa nekuve musoro muhombe uye mutsipa wakati mupfupi, vainzi pliosaurians. Vanogona kusvika pakati pe12-15 mamita.
vakatora mazino akakora, ane conical, tinofanira kuvafunga semhuka dzinodya nyama dzaitonga nzvimbo dzavaigara. Kudya kwavo kwaibva pane dzimwe mhuka dzomugungwa.
Izvi zvakateverwa the cryptoclids, uko misoro midiki nemitsipa mirefu yakadzoka. Vaive vapfupi pakurebaUyezve, mutsipa wakareba kupfuura kureba kwemuviri. Vaizoonekwa pamagumo eJurassic uye vaizove ndivo vaizoona kuparara kukuru pakupera kweCretaceous.
Panguva imwechete iyo ma cryptoclidids akararama Elasmosaurs, iyo yakareba kupfuura dzose plesiosaurs, inosvika 17 mamita pakureba. Kunyange zvazvo kureba uku kwainyanya kukonzerwa nemutsipa. Dzaive dzakanyanya kurema uye dzichirema.
Aya mapoka mana makuru zvakare dzimwe nguva akapatsanurwa pakutsvaga mitsva yeplesiosaur.
Maplesiosaurs akawanikwa sei?
Iyo yekutanga fossil yakakura yakaonekwa se plesiosaur yaive yakawanikwa nenyanzvi dzezvakaitika kare muna 1821. Mary Anning, akawana muenzaniso wekutanga mushure memakore matatu.
Vakapiwa zita remadunhurirwa rekuti "pedyo nedzvinyu", ndizvo zvinoreva plesiosaur, kubva muchiGiriki "plesios" (pedyo) uye "sauros" (dzvinyu kana reptile).
Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, maplesiosaurs akawanikwa mumakondinendi ese, kusanganisira Antarctica. Mazhinji emasara akawanikwa anobva kuLate Jurassic Oxford Clay Formation (England) kana Middle Cretaceous Niobrara Chalk Formation muKansas (USA).
La Kurongeka kwakasarudzwa kupa kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvakawanikwa zvinoenderana nehukuru uye chiyero chemaitiro avo. Kunyangwe izvi zvichionekwa sedambudziko, nekuti zvikamu zvina zvakakura hazviratidzike kunge zvakavakirwa pamhindumupindu inowirirana.
Contemporary myth plesiosaurs
Pakutanga kwechinyorwa takataura nezvekuti kune chitendero chekuti maplesiosaurs ari kuramba achirarama nhasi. Dzinozivikanwa navose nyaya kana ngano pamusoro pezvikara zvemugungwa, nyoka dzemugungwa, kuona mumadziva, nezvimwe…
Vazhinji vakada kubatanidza nyaya idzi nekuvapo kwazvino kwemaplesiosaurs. Zvisinei, nzanga yesainzi inoramba fungidziro idzi pasina humbowo.
Muna 1977, igwa rokuredza muJapan rakawana mutumbi wemhuka ine makumbo, mutsipa wakareba, uye musoro muduku. Izvi zvakatanga kudyisa kuvepo kwekugona kweplesiosaurs munyika uye ngano yakadyiswa.
Kunyangwe kana isu tichifanira kutaura nezveakakurumbira nyanza monsters, hapana anotsiva chikara cheLoch Ness. Mudhamu iri nguva nenguva kwakaonekwa chimiro chemhuka ine morphology yakafanana neiyo yeplesiosaur. Kunyangwe pane dzimwe nguva yakatsanangurwa nenzira yakasiyana zvachose.
Mune ino kesi, zvakare tinofanira kufunga kuti mvura yemugungwa inotonhora zvikuru kuti maplesiosaur agaremo. Iyo plesiosaur inofema mweya, saka ivo vaizoonekwa nyore.
nezvose, chii maplesiosaurs aivepo hazvirambike, kuti anoramba aripo nhasi chinhu chinozofanirwa kuratidzwa.