Mumwe wevamwarikadzi vechiGiriki vanonyanya kukosha mungano ndiAthena, anozivikanwawo se Pallas Athena, mwanasikana wamambo weOlympus, Zeusi, uye mwari akapa zita kuguta reAtene, dzimbahwe razvino reGirisi. Kana uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezvake, tinokukoka kuti urambe uchiverenga.
Pallas Athena
Chokutanga pane zvose, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti akanga ari mwarikadzi weuchenjeri, hondo uye unyanzvi. MuGreece, akagamuchira mazita akawanda maererano neunhu hwake kana nzvimbo, Athena kana Pallas Athena aiva mamwe acho, kunyange muRoma akafananidzwa seMinerva. Iwe unogona kuziva izvi, asi aionekwa semudziviriri wemaguta akasiyana-siyana akadai seAtene, kubva kune iyo mwari anowana zita rayo.
Aiwanzofananidzirwa nengowani nepfumo, zviratidzo zvake zviri zizi, nyoka, muorivhi uye Gorgoneion amulet. Pakutanga, aionekwa samwarikadzi weimba yamambo weAegean, aiva pedyo neguta racho. epithet yake polyas Inobva kubva mapurisa, zvinoreva guta-nyika, richiisa temberi dzaro munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzenyika.
Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti zvivakwa zvakawanda zvakatsaurirwa kuna mwarikadzi muGreece yose, iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa iri Parthenon iri paAcropolis yeAthens. Pamazita aakagamuchira, semudziviriri wemhizha uye kuruka, ainzi Athena Ergan, pachinzvimbo, ari mwarikadzi murwi, pakati pemabasa ake akatungamirira varwi muhondo se Athena Promachus.
Muchitendero chechiGiriki, Athena aiva mumwe wevamwari vayo vanokosha zvikuru. Mhandara mwarikadzi wouchenjeri, aionekwa somutungamiriri wehondo, mudziviriri wenyanzvi nokuruka, musiki wenyere nehwamanda, akadzidzisa vanhuwo zvavo unyanzvi hwokufambisa uye kushandisa chirauro. Kutaura zvazviri, pakati pemafungiro ose aya atataura, akanga ari iye, pamwe chete naHephaestus, vakasika Pandora, mukadzi wokutanga. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve iyi nyaya, tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge: Bhokisi rePandora.
Akadzivirira uye akatungamira magamba echiGreek akakosha uye akabatsira maAchaeans panguva yeTrojan War. Muchimiro chake chemuviri, Pallas Athena anotsanangurwa semukadzi murefu uye anoyevedza. Muzvivezwa aionekwa aine mapendekete akafara, maoko akasimba, uye zviuno zvitete, zvichimupa chimiro chemurume.
Vamwe vanoti maziso avo akafanana neezizi, vamwe vanoti maziso egrey. Anowanzo ane chitarisiko chakakomba uye chine mufungo, chiso chake chakatenderera, vhudzi rake rakawanda uye rinogara rakakandwa pamusoro petembere dzake.
Mwari Zeus akaratidza kuti aifarira Athena, achingogoverana zvombo zvake naye chete. Munguva dzehondo aifarira zano nechirango pane mhirizhonga nekuuraya, panguva yerunyararo aingopfeka hembe dzake, kunyangwe aingopfeka ngowani yake, aingozvisunga pfuti kana mamiriro ezvinhu aimumanikidza. Aishivirira vanhuwo zvavo, aiedza kukurukura navo nokuvanyengetedza, kunyange kana akanga akuvara kana kuti kugumburwa.
Kwakabva Athena
Kana iwe uri kutsvaga kuziva kwakabva Pallas Athena, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti kune akasiyana mavhezheni ekuti akazvarwa sei. Yokutanga yadzo yakapiwa nomunyori mukuru Homer, sezvo mubhuku rake rinonzi Iliad mubhuku V, anotsanangura kuti Ares (mwari wehondo) anopikisana naZeus achimuudza kuti aidzivirira Pallas zvikuru, nokuda kwechikonzero chimwe chete chakaita kuti abereke. her.
Imwe vhezheni inotaura kuti ndiye mwanasikana waZeus naMetis, mukunda wetitan weOceanus uye Tethys, iyo yakatsanangurwa munhetembo Theogony.
Mune yekupedzisira inotsanangurwa kuti mwari, kurara naye uye kumubata pamuviri, akazoziva kuti Gea naUranus vakaprofita kuti titan yaizobereka vana vakachenjera uye vane simba kupfuura iye. Ipapo akatya kuti vana vake vaizomubvisa uye, achitevera chiporofita, akanyengedza Metis kuti azvibvumire kudyiwa naye "akamuvharira mudumbu make", izvo zvaisaita, nekuti aive atove nepamuviri.
Imwe nyaya pamusoro pechinhu ichi, yakanyorwa muzana remakore rechipiri AD, inotaura kuti Zeus akashungurudza Metis asina kuva mudzimai wake. Akaedza kakawanda kutiza kubva kwaari nekushandura, asi pakupedzisira Zeus akamubata, akamubata chibharo ndokubva amumedza. Ipapo akava navamwe vakadzi vatanhatu, kusvikira aroora Hera, uyo aizova wokupedzisira wake. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezvevamwe vanhu vengano, tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge: vatambi vengano.
Gare gare, Zeus akatanga kutambura nemusoro wakaipisisa zvokuti akaremerwa uye akarayira mumwe munhu (iyo maererano nekwaibva kwaigona kuva Prometheus, Hermes, Ares kana Palaemon) kuti avhure musoro wake nemarabhu, Minoan demo yemisoro miviri, ipapo Athena akasvetuka kubva mumusoro wamwari ari muchimiro chemukadzi akura, ane zvombo zvakakwana.
Nhengo dzeOlympus (umambo hwevamwari) dzakakatyamadzwa nekubuda kwamwarikadzi mutsva, zvekuti mwari wezuva, Helios, akamisa ngoro yake pakati pedenga achichema nenzwi guru, kutaura zvazviri, denga (Uranus) uye amai pasi (Gaia) vakanga vadedera nemanzwiro. Kunyange zvazvo Hera akatsamwa kwazvo nekuzvarwa kwaAthena, kuti iye pachake akabata pamuviri ndokubereka Hephaestus vamwe vanyori vanoti.
Dzimwe shanduro dzinoti Hera haana kumbotsamwira chiitiko chacho, pane kudaro, akafara uye akamugamuchira sokunge aiva mwanasikana wake. Unogonawo kufunga nezveimwe pfungwa, iyo inotsanangura kuti mwarikadzi Pallas Athena pakutanga akanga ari muchero wenymph inozivikanwa saTritonis uye yaPoseidon, mwari wemakungwa.
Aiva munyori wenhau dzakaitika wechiGiriki Herodotus, anotaura kuti mwarikadzi mutsva akatsamwira baba vake ndokusiya sekuru vake, Zeus, avo vaizomugamuchira ndokumugamuchira somwanasikana wake. Nyaya iyi inotaura kuti Athena akagamuchira dzidzo yake nemwanasikana waTriton, mumwe mwari, ainzi Pallas. Tora ichi chokwadi chekupedzisira zvakanyanya mu account, nekuti gare gare isu tichaongorora mune izvi.
Sezvatsanangurwa pamusoro apa, kune nyaya dzakawanda pamusoro pekuzvarwa kwamwarikadzi. Kune rumwe rutivi, Justin Martyr, murevereri wechiKristu womuzana ramakore rechi XNUMX AD, akati Zeus paakada kuita kuti nyika ishandise logos (izwi), aifunga nezvaAthena nokudaro mwarikadzi akazvarwa asina coitus.
Imwe rondedzero yezviitiko inosimbisa kuti mwari wekutinhira (Zeus) akamedza Metis, akange atova nepamuviri naBrontes, Cyclops. Kunyangwe zvichinzi zvakare Atene anogona kunge ari mwanasikana waPalante, hofori ine mapapiro yaaizouraya uye kushandisa ganda rake senhoo.
mwarikadzi etymology
Zita rake raibatanidzwa neguta reAtene kubva pakutanga. MuchiGiriki chekare guta racho rinonzi Atenai (Ἀθῆναι), chirevo cheukama hwakatsaurirwa kuchitendero cheAtene, maererano nengano.
Chimbofunga kuti nyanzvi dzekare dzaiitirana nharo pamusoro pekuti Atene yakapiwa zita ramwarikadzi wacho here kana kuti yakapiwa zita reguta racho, asi zvino pane kubvumirana kuti mwarikadzi Pallas Athena akatumidzwa zita reguta racho.
Pamusoro pezvo, rimwe remazita mazhinji aakagamuchira munhoroondo yese ndiAthena Parthenos, izvo zvinogona kureva "mhandara", nekuti haana kumbobvira azvipira kune mumwe munhu, kunyangwe semudiwa, uye akaramba zvachose kuroora, sekunge uyo asina kumbotakurwa manzwiro erudo.
Kune rumwe rutivi, munyaya ino yeetymology (kwakabva zita), zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti muGirisi yekare zvakanga zvakajairika kuti maguta atore mazita evamwari vavainamata. Muenzaniso ndiMycenae, uko mwarikadzi akanga ari Mycena, uye paThebes, mwari wacho aizivikanwa saTheba.
Nekuda kwake, nyanzvi yekuGermany Günther Neumann akataura kuti zita rekuti Athena rakabva muumambo hwekare hwekumadokero kweAnatolia, rinoumbwa nezwi rekuti "ati" rinoreva amai uye zita ramwarikadzi Hannahanna rakadimburirwa sa "Ana". Muchokwadi, zita rekuti Athana potniya rinowanzo kushandurwa se "Lady Athena" uye zvarinoreva chaizvo zvinofungidzirwa kuti "Mukadzi weAtene" (potnia yeAt(h)ana).
Saizvozvovo, muzivi wechiGiriki Plato munhaurirano yake Cratylus akamutsa fungidziro dzechinyorwa chakavakirwa papfungwa dzevakuru, kusanganisira mudetembi Homer uyo akadana Athena “pfungwa” (noũs) uye “njere” (dianoia) uye akatomuti “kungwara kwoumwari” ” (theoũ nóēsis), kureva kuti aiva nepfungwa dzamwari (a theonóa), achimupa zita rokuti Theonoe, kana kuti zvimwe “muzivi wezvinhu zvoumwari” (ta theia noousa).
Mumwe muzivi anopa kufunga kunonakidza panyaya iyi ndiPlato. Aida kuziva mwarikadzi ne "njere dzetsika" (en éthei nóesin) uye nokuda kwechikonzero ichi akamutumidza kuti Etheonoe, asi pakupedzisira, achitsvaka zita rine ushamwari, akasarudza Athena.
Pakupedzisira, pane mukana wekuti zita rayo harisi rechiGiriki chekare, asi kuti ndimwari weAttic anonamatwa kusati kwasvika maHellenes, Ionian neDorians, iyo yainamatwa muchimiro chetotem mhuka yayo: zizi.
epithets
Athena ndomumwe wevamwari vanonyanya kukosha veOlympian, aive nemabasa mazhinji kubva pakurima nekuchengetedzwa kwenyanzvi, kuburikidza nekutonga kwemitemo uye kuitwa kwekururamisira, kuchengetedzwa kwenyika kuburikidza nehondo. Nokudaro, hazvishamisi kuti mabasa akawanda ane epithets yakawanda.
Athena Parthenos
Mwarikadzi akagamuchira zita rechiGiriki rekare rinonzi Athena Parthenos, rinoreva kuti “mwarikadzi mhandara” panobva zita reParthenon yeAcropolis yeAthens, iro rakakurumbira zvikuru rainamatwa umwari uye chaizvoizvo, richiripo. .
Rangarira kuti iye akakumbirwa norudo navamwari vakawanda nama<em>titan, asi iye akavaramba vose, akanga asina murume kana kuti mudiwa, kunyange zvazvo kwakanga kusiri bedzi kuchengeta kuchena kwake asiwo kuwirirana nenheyo dzetsika dzaaiva nadzo.
Uyezve, zvinonzi Medusa akatsunga kuita rudo naPoseidon mukati metemberi yakatsaurirwa kuna mwarikadzi uye akarangwa nekushandura bvudzi rake kuva nyoka uye maziso ake aizokwanisa kukuvadza ani zvake akamutarisa.
Imwe nguva gare gare Perseus aizosvika, nekudzivirirwa kwaAthena pachake, kuti abvise Medusa uye aendese musoro wake kuna mwarikadzi. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, mwarikadzi aizotakura musoro wechisikwa wakanyorwa panhoo yake.
Imwe nyaya ine chekuita nezita iri kana kuti epithet inotaura kuti Tirasi paakanga achiri mudiki, akamushamisa paaigeza asina kupfeka ndokumusiya ari bofu sechirango, kunyange zvazvo mukubhadhara akamupa simba rekutaura mutauro weshiri kuti anzwisise uye chipo che kufanotaura ramangwana. Rangarira kuti mune yedu blog iwe uchawana rumwe ruzivo nezve ngano uye ngano, kuwedzera kune uyu mwarikadzi anonzi Pallas Athena, akadai se: mwari jupiter.
Pallas Athena
Unoyeuka here kuti takakuudza kare kuti mwarikadzi aiva neshamwari yainzi Pallas uye kuti yaizova mashoko anokosha? Tevere, isu tichataura nezve kwakabva dhinominesheni iyi inonakidza nezvePallas Athena.
Kutanga, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti Pallas rinobva pashoko rokuti “pallas” iro muchiGiriki chekare rinogona kureva brashi (chombo) kana kuti rinogona kureva mukadzi wechidiki. Munyori wenhoroondo Walter Burkert akatsanangura kuti "ndiye Pallas weAthens, Pallas Athenaie, sezvakaita Hera weArgos ari Argeie pano."
Apo aya mavambo akakanganwika, ngano dzakaumbwa idzo dzaizotsanangura zvirevo zvakadai seicho chakarondedzerwa naPhilodemus weGadara, uyo akataura kuti Pallas akanga ari muvengi waAthena, waakakunda muhondo uye gare gare akatora zita rake.
Kunyange zvazvo imwe nyaya inotsanangura kuti Pallas akanga asiri muvengi, asi mwanasikana wamwari Triton. Akanga ari shamwari dzepedyo mwarikadzi Athena, sezvo vose vakakura pamwe chete, asi rimwe zuva panguva yekudzidziswa kwavaiita nguva dzose, Athena akauraya shamwari yake. Nokuda kweizvi uye sechiratidzo chekuremekedza, aizotakura zita rake pachake, ndiko kuti, Pallas Athena.
Kutenda kumamiriro ezvinhu aya, chifananidzo chakabuda, icho chinonzi chiri paAcropolis yeTroy inonzi Palladion, maererano nengano yakanga yavezwa namwarikadzi mumufananidzo weshamwari yake yakafa. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vakati wandei vaiti simba retalismanic kune iyi inomiririra yehunyanzvi uye zvakanzi chero yaive paAcropolis, Troy yaisazombodonha, kunyangwe sezvamunoziva, yakadonha.
Panguva yekupambwa kweTroy nevaGiriki, Princess Cassandra, mwanasikana waPriam, akagamuchira chifananidzo chataurwa pamusoro apa achitsvaka dziviriro yamwarikadzi, zvisinei Ajax akamukwevera kure netemberi nechisimba. Kunyange zvazvo imwe shanduro inotaura kuti akamubata chibharo ipapo, nyaya yauchatora kubva pane zvatakurukura pamusoro apa, Athena akashatirwa uye kunyange zvazvo Agamemnon akapa zvibayiro kuti adzikame, zvinenge zvikepe zvose zvechiGiriki zvakaparadzwa.
Mamwe masangano
Akagamuchira mazita emudunhurirwa akawanda, aizivikanwa saAthena Atrytone, "asinganeti", Promachos "uyo anorwa kumberi" nekuti aionekwa semudziviriri weguta, uyo ainzi Polias. Sezvo mudziviriri wemhizha, ainzi Ergan.
Kana vari ivo, vaAtene vaiwanzomuti “mwarikadzi”, ndiko kuti, sahē theós mumutauro wavo. Panguva imwe cheteyo, mwarikadzi akasika zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chokuita nemabhiza, zvakadai sematomu nengoro. Nekuda kweizvi, akatumidzwa zita remadunhurirwa rokuti Hippia (iye wemabhiza kana mitambo yemabhiza). Rimwe remazita aro rinobva mutemberi yainzi Chalinitis, yaiva pedyo neguva reVanakomana veMedhia muKorinde.
Athena akagamuchira epithet yeAgeleia, muchiGiriki Ἀγελεία, ine zvarinoreva zvisina chokwadi, sezvo riine izwi rechiGiriki rekuti "zvinoita" (ἄγω), chiito che "direct" uye zita rekuti "loot" (λεία), rine hukama zvakanyanya zvipfuyo. Kune vamwe, epithet inogona kureva mamiriro ake semudziviriri wezvipfuyo, vamwe vanosimbisa kuti inofanirwa kutorwa sezvairi se "mupambi wemombe" kana "cuatrera".
Mukuwedzera, muMegara ainamatwa saAethyta izvo zvaireva kuti "diver" uye zvichinyanya kureva shiri dzinonyura, anodudzirwa nenzira yekufananidzira nebasa rake semusiki wechikepe uye unyanzvi hwekufambisa. Zvakare, maererano nenyaya yakataurwa naPlutarch, mwarikadzi Athena haana kungofara chete, asiwo akatora chikamu chekushingaira mukuvakwa kweParthenon, achiikurudzira kuti iwane kukwana.
Rimwe zuva tsaona yakaitika apo mumwe wenyanzvi dzinobishaira uye anoshingaira zvikuru akashanda mukuvaka akagumburwa ndokudonha kubva pamusoro, achibatwa zvakaipisisa zvokuti vanachiremba vakamurapa vaitarisira kufa kwake kwokukurumidza.
Pericles, muimbi, akabatwa zvakanyanya zvekuti husiku ihwohwo akarota mwarikadzi uye airatidza mushonga unoshanda uye nekukurumidza zvekuti akapora munguva pfupi. Nekuda kweizvi akaisa chifananidzo chebronze chinonzi Athena Hygieia "munhu wehutano".
Homer mumabasa ake epic anowanzo shandisa epithet glaucopis, iyo inoshandura se "maziso akajeka" kana "mumwe ane maziso akajeka." Inobva mukusanganiswa kwe glaukos (γλαύκος) ine zvinoreva "kupenya", "sirivha" uye zvakare "bluish girini", "grey" kana "grey"; panguva imwechete kuibatanidza ne ôps (ὤψ), zvaireva ziso uye dzimwe nguva chiso.
Muzvitendero zvekare kare, njere zvinoreva zizi kana shiri inoona murima. Ikoko kunyorerana pakati pemidzi yemazwi anoti Glaukos naGlaux (zizi) kunotsanangurwa. Mune zvimwe zvinomiririra Athena anoratidzwa ane zizi pamusoro wake.
Vamwe vanyori vanosanganisa Athena nemwarikadzi weMesopotamia asingazivikanwi kubva muzana remakore rechipiri BC, anomiririrwa nemapapiro, mapapiro eshiri uye akakomberedzwa nemazizi. Kune rimwe divi, tritogeny izita remadunhurirwa rakapihwa mwarikadzi muIliad, munhetembo dzinonzi Homeric Psalm uye yakashandiswa nanyanduri wechiGiriki uye muzivi Hesiod mudzidziso yake.
Iyi epithelium yekupedzisira ine tsananguro dzakati wandei, hapana kana imwe yadzo inotsanangudza. Inodudzirwa se "mwanasikana waTriton", zvinoreva kuti baba vake ndimwari wegungwa. Maererano nengano, Triton akamutora ndokumurera nemwanasikana wake, izvo zvave zvataurwa muchidimbu pamusoro apa.
Kunyange zvazvo zvisingabviri, zvinogona kureva kuti akaberekerwa kuLake Triton muAfrica. Funga kuti zita rekuti Triton harina kungobatanidzwa chete negungwa, madziva nenzizi, asiwo nemvura zvakazara. Naizvozvo, Tritogenia yaisazopa chaiyo nzvimbo yekuzvarwa, asi panzvimbo pacho yakaberekwa kubva mumvura.
Vamwe vanopikisa kuti epithet Tritogenia rinobva paizwi rekare reKrete rinoreva "musoro", epithet ichireva "kusimuka kubva mumusoro". Rimwe boka rinozvipa revo yokuberekwa pazuva rechitatu kana kuti mwanasikana wechitatu waZeusi pashure paApollo naAtemisi.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti zita remadunhurirwa rinobva kune inofungidzirwa kuti akazvarwa kubva kune vatatu vaZeus, Metis naiye, nyaya inogona kutaridzika seinoshamisa uye inonakidza panguva imwe chete.
Zvakare, muPella Macedonia, mwarikadzi akapiwa epithet yaAthena Alcidemus (mudziviriri wevanhu), sezvo akanga ari mutariri weguta iroro. Semashoko ekutaura, muTetradrachmas yechiGiriki (mari yemadrakema mana), Athena Alcidemus aimiririrwa neaegis uye kutinhira.
Mamwe masangano nemazita emadunhurirwa emwarikadzi aive anotevera:
- Ageleia (uyo anokunda muhondo).
- Agiopoinos (mutsivi).
- Alalcomeneis (simba rekudzivirira).
- Alcidemo (ombudsman).
- Atrytone (asingaregi).
- Boarmia (mudziviriri wemombe).
- Boudeia (mwarikadzi wenzombe).
- Boulaia (counsellor).
- Calinitis (yematomu).
- Ergan (mudziviriri wevashandi).
- Erysiptolis (mudziviriri weguta).
- Laósoos (inobatsira).
- Meganitis (yemhando huru).
- Polias (yeguta).
- Polioucos (anodzivirira guta).
- Poluboulos (yezano rakanaka).
- Polumetis (yezvakawanda zvigadzirwa).
- Promacorma (defender of the bay).
mythos
Uyu mwarikadzi anokosha weOlympus, kubva panguva yaakaonekwa, haana kumborega kuva mutori wenhau dzakawanda dzengano dzechiGiriki. Zvadaro iwe uchaziva ngano dzinonakidza dzePallas Athena.
Erichtonium
Athena nguva dzose akashandisa zvombo izvo Zeus akamukweretesa, pane imwe nguva aida kuva nezvombo zvake uye akakumbira Hephaestus kuti amugadzirire ivo, asi akamuudza kuti aizozviita nerudo. Zvisinei, Poseidon akanyengedza Hephaestus nekumuudza kuti Atene yaizongozvipira chete nechisimba.
Rimwe zuva, Athena akapinda mupfuri nechinangwa chekudzidza nezvekufambira mberi kwebasa pazvombo. Kunyange zvazvo mwarikadzi akaregeredzwa, Hephaestus akamubata nehasha uye akaedza kumubata chibharo, akarwa namwari wemoto, uyo aizoguma akabuda pamakumbo aAthena.
Mwarikadzi akakwanisa kuzvisunungura uye akazvichenesa nemucheka wesilika waakakanda pasi mukunyangadza, asingazivi kuti mbeu yakawira kuna Amai Pasi Gaia, kuva nepamuviri uye kubereka Erichthonius. Gaia akanga asingadi kutarisira mwana, saka mwarikadzi akamutora semwanakomana akarerwa.
Imwe nguva gare gare, pane imwe nguva apo Athena aifanira kunge asipo, akaisa mwanakomana wake mubhokisi duku ndokupa hanzvadzi Herse, Pandrosus naAglauros pasina kuzarura zviri mukati maro, nemurairo wokusambozarura. Zvechokwadi, pakanga pane imwe yehanzvadzi dzisina kutevedzera murayiridzo uye akazarura nekuda kwekuda kuziva, achiona Erichthonius ari muchimiro chenyoka, izvi zvakadzinga Herse naPandrosus kupenga, avo vakasvetuka kubva kumusoro kweAcropolis.
Pasinei nezvose izvi, uyu munhu wengano akanga ari hafu munhu uye hafu yenyoka, aizotonga guta raipa amai vake vokurera zita rake, ari changamire akarurama uye ane mutsa. Akatanga chitendero chePallas Athena uye akadzidzisa vagari vemo kushandisa sirivha. Akanga ari mutsigiri wokushandiswa kwengoro ine mabhiza mana, ndokusaka mufananidzo wake wakasimuka ndokuva boka renyeredzi reAuriga.
guta reAtene
Nyaya dzinotaura kuti pane imwe nguva mwarikadzi akakwikwidzana namwari Poseidon kuti awane kodzero yekuva muchengeti weguta raiva muAttica. Rimwe zuva, nechinangwa chokugumisa kurwa, vakasvika pakugadzirisa kupa chipo mumwe nomumwe kuvagari veguta, ari mambo wavo ainzi Cecropes, aizosarudza kuti ndiani aizokunda.
Ipapo ndipo apo Poseidon akarova pasi nekatatu kake kuita kuti chitubu chiratidzike chine mvura yemunyu, izvo zvakabvumira guta kuwana gungwa nekutengesa. Kutaura idi, zvakakodzera kutaura kuti munguva yayo Atene yakanga iri simba remugungwa, neboka rengarava yakakunda vaPersia muhondo yegungwa yeSarami.
Asi, sezvauchaona, pasinei nekubatsirwa kwehupfumi, mvura yemvura yakanga ine munyu uye isingagoni kudyiwa. Kunyangwe paine imwe vhezheni yengano, iyo inorondedzerwa kuti Poseidon akaendesa bhiza rekutanga kune vagari, chimwe chinhu chakakosha pakutengeserana nehondo.
Kunyange zvakadaro, mwarikadzi akapa polis muti wemuorivhi wakarimwa wekutanga, uyo wakasimudzira kukura nekubudirira kweguta rose nekuripa huni, chikafu nemafuta. Pashure pokunge aongorora zvipo zvacho, mambo akaonesa kuti chakapiwa naPallas Athena chakanga chiri nani, chichipa rukundo kuna mwarikadzi.
Zvinogona kukufadza kuziva kuti kune vamwe vanyori kukwikwidzana uku pakati pavamwari kufananidzira kurwa kuri pakati pematriarchal ne sosaiti dzemadzibaba, sekufunga kwaiita murungu Robert Graves.
Imwe nyaya inotaura kuti vaAtene vaizosarudza kuti ndeupi wevamwari angave mudziviriri wemapurisa. Varume vakavhotera Poseidon uye vakadzi vakavhotera Athena. Pakupedzisira mwarikadzi akakunda nevhoti imwe chete, izvo zvakatsamwisa mwari uye akazadza nzvimbo yose nemvura yake uye haana kudzibvisa kusvikira vakadzi vasiya kodzero yavo yekuvhota.
mutsigiri mutsvene wemagamba
Athena akarayira uye akabatsira Argos pakuvaka kweArgo, ngarava iyo Jason neboka rake reArgonauts vaizofamba. Saizvozvowo, mwarikadzi akatungamirira Perseus paakaenda kunotsvaka Medusa uye netsigiro yaHermes, mwari wevafambi, vakavapa maturusi aaizoda.
Athena akapa Perseus nhovo yebhuronzi yakakwenenzverwa kuitira kuti aone Medusa kuburikidza nekufungisisa pasina kutarisa kumeso kwake, Hermes akamupa scythe yakasimbiswa. Muhondo, mwarikadzi ndiye akashandisa munondo waPerseus kuti usakundikana ndokugura musoro wechikara.
Mune dzimwe nhoroondo Heracles anoratidzwa achibatsira mumifananidzo yakasiyana-siyana yeunyanzvi hwekare hwechiGiriki, nepo mumetopes anomiririra mabasa gumi nemaviri aHeracles aripo mutemberi yaZeus kuOlympia, mwarikadzi anooneka kana.
Mumufananidzo wekutanga, Athena anoona gamba richiuraya shumba yeNemean, kunyange zvazvo mune chegumi anomubatsira kusimudza denga. Kazhinji, mwarikadzi anomiririrwa semubatsiri anotyisa, asiwo seshamwari munyoro. Pakupedzisira, ndiye anotora Heracles kuGomo reOlympus ndokumuendesa kuna Zeus nokuda kwokuitwa kwake mwari (kuchinja kuva mwari).
Pachine zvakawanda zvekutaura nezvake naHeracles. Unofanira kuziva kuti mwarikadzi akatsanangurira Heracles kuti aigona sei kukunda shumba yeNemea nokushandisa nzwara dzake kuitsemura. Mune rimwe remabasa ake, aifanira kuuraya shiri dzeStymphalian, nokuti simba rake rakanga risina maturo uye kwaiva nevakawanda kuti vabvise miseve yavo, saka Athena akamupa bhero rendarira richimuudza kuti riridze pagomo refu.
Heracles akadaro uye shiri dzakatiza dzichitya, zvichimupa mukana wekubvisa imwe nemiseve yake. Kune rumwe rutivi, hondo yekurwisana neHydra yeLerna yakakurumbira, apo nguva imwe neimwe yaakagura musoro, mutsva wakakura.
Panyaya iyi, Athena akafuridzira muzukuru wegamba kuti amupe zano rekuti pese paanodimbura musoro aifanira kupisa chigutsa chegotsi kuti chiporese, nenzira iyoyo imwe yaisamuka uye ndiko kwaakaita kumukunda. . Muchokwadi, akaperekedza Heracles pamwe naHermes parwendo rwake kuenda kunzvimbo yepasi achitsvaga Cerberus.
Imwe yemagamba engano eGreece aive Bellerophon, aive nerubatsiro rwemwarikadzi paakamupa matomu egoridhe kuti agone kupingudza bhiza rine mapapiro Pegasus.
Munhamo yaAeschylus, Orestes anorondedzera kuti apo Agamemnon akadzoka mukundi kuumambo hwake mushure menguva refu asipo kubva muhondo yake neTrojans, mwanasikana wamambo Cassandra, mwanasikana waMambo Priam akakundwa, akatorwa somuranda pakati pezvaakapamba.
Clytemnestra, mudzimai waAgamemnon, akashatirwa kuona rusaruro rwuri pachena rwakatsaurirwa nomurume wake kumwanasikana wamambo wokumwe, uye akanga atonzwa kutsamwira murume wake kubvira paakabayira mwanasikana wake Iphigenia kuna mwarikadzi Artemis kuti awane mhepo yakanaka yokuenda kuTroy.
Saka, panguva yekusipo kwemurume wake, akanga atora Aegisthus semudiwa wake, nerubatsiro rwake akaronga uye akauraya Agamemnon. Electra, mwanasikana waAgamemnon, pamwe chete namwari Apollo, akakurudzira munun’una wake, Orestes, kutsiva ndokuuraya amai vavo nomudiwa Aegisthus.
Mweya weClytemnestra wakabvunza Erinyes, vamwarikadzi vekutsiva, kuvhiringidza Orestes. Achitambudzwa nokunetswa kwavaErinye, Orestes anokumbira mwari Apollo nokuda kwebetsero uye pakupedzisira anomuendesa kuAthens, uko Pallas Athena akanga aumba dare ravarume vane kutendeka kwakabvumikiswa.
Mwarikadzi akatungamira kutongwa kwaOrestes kwaakapomerwa mhosva yekuponda amai vake Clytemnestra. Mavhoti edare redzimhosva anga akabatana, rimwe bato richivhotera kuti harina mhosva uye rimwe bato rikavhotera.
Pasinei neizvi, Athena aive nevhoti yekusarudza uye akasarudza kuregererwa, achiraira kuti pese kana dare redzimhosva rakasungwa anopomerwa ngaaregerwe. Kana iwe uchifarira kuziva zvimwe zvinyorwa zvine chekuita naPallas Athena uye zvimwe zvisikwa zvengano, tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge nezve: mwari Hermesi.
Muchikamu chino chechinyorwa chedu, hatigoni kutadza kutaura kuti muOdyssey hunyengeri hweOdysseus hwakakurumidza kuwana nyasha dzeAtene. Pakutanga, rubatsiro rwake kuna Odysseus rwakanga rwakangogumira pakudyara pfungwa nemafungiro mupfungwa dzegamba parwendo rwake rwekuenda kumba kubva kuHondo yeTrojan, achisimbisa basa rake semudziviriri wemagamba uye mudzidzisi wevanaamai.
Mukuwedzera, Athena akaonekwa muzviroto zvePrincess Nausica kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti aizobatsira Odysseus. Athena akashandurwa kuva mufudzi kuti atsigire Odysseus paakasvika kuIthaca, achimunyepera nekumuudza kuti Penelope akanga aroorazve nekumusiya kuti afa.
Odysseus, zvakare, akanyepa kuti azvidzivirire uye mwarikadzi, akafadzwa nehungwaru hwake, akazviratidza uye akamurayira kuti angadzosa sei umambo hwake. Akabva amubatsira kukunda vatsigiri vacho nekumuita semupemhi akwegura.
zvirango
Pakati pezvinyorwa zvakakurumbira zvemwarikadzi uyu, chirango cheMedusa. Ichi chisikwa chisati chave nechimiro chaunoziva, aive mupristakadzi wechidiki aishanda mutemberi yeAthena, muguta reAtene pacharo.
Rimwe zuva semamwe ose, mwari wegungwa Poseidon, uyo aigara aine chinangwa chekutonga guta uye kukuvadza chifananidzo chemwarikadzi, akapinda mutemberi ndokumuudza kuti aimuda, asi Medusa akapindura kuti aisagona kuva naye. nokuda kwemhiko yake yokuzvichenesa, akabva amubata chibharo mutemberi.
Kunyange zvazvo zvingaratidzika kuva zvechienzi kwauri, apo Pallas Athena akaziva zvakanga zvaitika, panzvimbo pokuzvidza mwari nokuda kwezvaakaita uye kutsigira muranda wake, akaguma amuchinja kuva chikara chine nyoka mubvudzi rake uye chitarisiko chine mano. kukuvadza chero munhu upi zvake aimuona.
Imwe nyaya pamusoro pechirango ndeyeTiresias, umo inoudzwa kuti rimwe zuva rechirimo paGomo reHelicon Athena akageza neaaida nymph Chariclo muchirimo. Mumakomo mamwe chetewo, Tiresia muduku akanga achivhima, akasvika patsime kundochera mvura, uye netsaona akaona mwarikadzi asina kupfeka.
Ipapo ndipo apo Athena akamuranga nokumusiya ari bofu kuti asazotongoonazve izvo zvisina kugadzirwa nokuda kwokuona kunofa, mukubhadhara akamupa mano okunzwisisa mutauro weshiri uye simba rokufanotaura remangwana.
MuOvid's Metamorphosis muzana ramakore rechisere AD, ngano yeArachne inooneka, iriyo chete sosi, sezvo iyi nyaya inongotaurwa muchidimbu muVirgil's Georgians muzana ramakore rechi29 BC Ovid anoti Arachne aive mudiki Lydia muAsia Minor, achiruka mudzidzi. muAtene, mwanasikana wedhayi ane mukurumbira Idhimoni weColophon.
Mhandara iyi yakanga yave netarenda rakatanhamara rokuruka nokusona matepi, asi yakasvika pakuzvitutumadza zvokuti yakazvitutumadza kuti yakanga iri nani kunyange kupfuura Athena amene.
Mwarikadzi akaneta nemhosva dzake asi akamupa mukana wekuzvidzikinura nekuoneka mumusangano ashandurwa kuita chembere, achirumbidza basa remukadzi wechidiki uye achimuyambira kuti zvakanga zvisina kunaka kuti munhu anofa azvitende kuti ari pamusoro pevamwari.
Panzvimbo pokurega kubvunza, musikana wacho akanyomba chembere yacho, achitaura ukuru hwake pana Athena uye akadenha mwarikadzi kumakwikwi okuratidza kuti ndiani akanga ari muruki ari nani. Mwarikadzi akawanazve chimiro chake ndokugamuchira denho yacho.
Athena airatidza hunyanzvi hwake nekuruka kanivhasi airatidza zviitiko kubva mukukakavadzana kwake naPoseidon kuti adzivirire Atene, yairatidzawo vamwari gumi nevaviri veOlympian uye kukundwa kweavo vakavapikisa. Nekuda kwake, Arachne akaruka tapestry yemifananidzo makumi maviri yaimiririra kusatendeka kwevamwari, kunyanya Zeus naLeda, Europa, Danae nevamwe.
Munhu wose, kusanganisira mwarikadzi Athena, akabvuma kuti tapestry yemusikana yakanga yakakwana, asi akatsamwira kusaremekedzwa kwechiremerera chevamwari, mwarikadzi akarasikirwa neshiviriro ndokuparadza chirukiso chemukwikwidzi wake uye tapestry. Akabva arova mukadzi wechidiki nepfuti yake kana netsvimbo yake. Arachne akazonzwisisa kukanganisa kwake uye akazvisungirira zvakanyanya, mwarikadzi akamunzwira tsitsi uye akamukurudzira nekumushandura kuita dandemutande.
Rangarira kuti Athena akanga asingakundiki muhondo. Muchokwadi, apo Ares akarohwa akafenda muhondo yekutanga naAthena, Aphrodite akaedza kumubvisa munhandare yehondo. Hera akavaona uye akarayira mwarikadzi kuti amumise. Mudzimai akasvika paari ndokumurova zvine simba zvakavasiya vose vari pamunda vafenda.
Kune rumwe rutivi, maererano nengano yeTrojan War, Aphrodite anonziwo akauya kuzobatsira mumwe wevaaida panhandare yehondo. Akapinda pakati pevarwi uye akaedza kutora mubatsiri wake. Athena akarayira gamba reAchaean Diomedes kuti adzivise kutiza kwake.
Iyo hero yakakurumidza kuita murairo wamwarikadzi uye yakadzivisa kuti asamutora. Muhondo akakuvadza ruoko rwaAphrodite. Apofumadzwa nenhamo, mwarikadzi akakwira Gomo reOlympus ndokunyunyuta kuna Zeus. Apo mumwe wevamwarikadzi vaduku akaporesa ruoko rwake, Aphrodite akaramba achichema uye achinyunyuta kuna Zeus. Achiona izvi, Pallas Athena akataura chokwadi achizvidza achipuruzira ruoko rwamwarikadzi Aphrodite.
Achipfuurira nengano dzechirango, mwarikadzi Athena akambotora chimedu chebhonzo ndokufunga kuti kana mhepo ikapfuura nachiri chaizobudisa ruzha, pashure pokuchifungisisa akagadzira ndokugadzira nyere yokutanga. Athena akafadzwa nokurira kwechiridzwa chacho ndokuchiunza kumabiko kwaiva navamwari vose.
Mwarikadzi akasimuka ndokutanga kuridza nyere nenzira inoshamisa zvokuti yakafadza vamwari vose, asi Hera naAphrodite vakamuseka nokuti kubata matama ake kwakavaita kuti vazvimbe. Athena akaguta ndokuenda kune rimwe sango reFrygia, ndipo paakatanga kuridza nyere achitarisa kuratidzwa kwake mumvura yerwizi.
Achiona matama ake achizvimba uye chiso chake chakapfava nesimba, akaridza tsamwa, akakanda nyere pasi uye akatuka vose vaizoigamuchira.
Hondo yeTrojan
Takambotaura nezvaPallas Athena uye kupindira kwake muHondo yeTrojan, asi kungoratidza nyaya ine chekuita nekuranga kwemwarikadzi. Pachine zvakawanda zvekutaura nezvemakwikwi aya uye isu tichatsanangura zvakawanda nezvazvo pazasi.
Iyi rondedzero inotanga nemuchato pakati pePeleus naThetis, uko vamwari vese nevamwe vanhu vakakokwa. Mumwe chete akanga asipo nekukoka akanga ari Eris, mwarikadzi wokusawirirana, uyo akatsamwa ndokuratidzira pamuchato ane apuro yendarama ndokungoti: "nokuda kwezvakanaka." Akaikanda pakati pavamwarikadzi ndokunyangarika.
Pakati pevamwarikadzi vese, vatatu chete vakawira mukurwira apuro: Hera, Athena naAphrodite, nekuda kwechokwadi chekuti ego yeumwe neumwe yakamuita kuti afunge kuti aionekwa seakanakisa. Panguva iyoyo vakaenda kuna Zeusi kuti asarudze kuti ndiani akanga akarurama, zvisinei, akasarudza kuti kudzivisa zvinetso kwakanga kuri madikanwa kutsvaka mumwe mutongi, mumwe munhu asingasaruri.
Pakati pevakakwikwidza, vamwari uye vanhuwo zvavo, muchinda weTroy Paris akasarudzwa kune iyi komisheni. Mukuru weOlympus, Zeus, akakumbira Hermes kuti aendese apuro kumunhu anofa uye kuti iye ave iye anoripa kuna mwarikadzi akaisvonaka. Pane imwe nguva aine muchero muruoko rwake, kutonga kweParis kwakatanga, kwaizoitika kana vamwarikadzi vageza muGomo reIda pedyo neTroy.
Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti mumifananidzo yekare yechiitiko ichi, Aphrodite dzimwe nguva airatidzwa asina kupfeka, uye Hera naAthena vakapfeka. Kunyangwe, mumifananidzo uye zvimwe zvinomiririra zveRenaissance, kunyanya kumadokero, vamwari vatatu vakaonekwa vasina kupfeka.
Paris haana kukwanisa kusarudza nekuti vamwarikadzi vese vari vatatu vaive vakanaka. Pavakaona kusava nehanya kweParis, vakaedza kumupa chiokomuhomwe, Hera akamupa simba pamusoro peAsia neEurope, Athena akamupa huchenjeri nekubwinya munhandare yehondo, Aphrodite akamupa rudo rwevanhu vakanaka kwazvo.
Pakupedzisira, Paris yakazopa apuro kuna Aphrodite, izvo zvakaita kuti vamwe vatsamwirwe naye uye vakatopika ruvengo rusingagumi kwaari uyewo nokuda kwababa vake, mambo weTroy, mukuwedzera kuguta rose. Nokuda kwake, Aphrodite akazvizivisa semuchengeti womuchinda.
Mu<em>Iliad zvinonzi, mukusavapo kwaAchilles, Diomedes akasarudzwa somurwi akanakisisa wechiGiriki, uyo akagamuchira dziviriro yaAthena. Uyewo munyaya iyi, Homer anoudza kuti Achilles anodzinga Hector kumativi emadziro eTroy pasina kumuita kuti amire kwaari. Athena akashandurwa kuva mukoma waHector, Deiphobo, uye akazviratidza pamberi pake kuti ataure kuti vatarise vaGiriki pamwe chete.
Hector akakanda pfumo rake kuna Achilles iro rakapotsa uye paakacheuka ndokutsvaga Deiphobus kuti amupe rimwe pfumo, rakanga ranyangarika, ipapo Hector akaziva kuti akanga arasikirwa nenyasha dzevamwari uye vakafarira vaAchaeans. Panguva imwecheteyo, pasi pekuwa kweguta, Ajax, mumwe wevarwi vakapinda mubhiza, akashamisika Princess Cassandra uyo akanga akavanda mutemberi yeAthena.
Mune dzimwe nyaya zvinonzi akadhonza musikana achiedza kubatirira kune chifananidzo chaPallas Athena pachake, zvisinei dzimwe nyaya dzinotsanangura kuti akamubata chibharo mutemberi yamwarikadzi uye izvi zvakamutsa hasha dzake, ipapo nerubatsiro rwe mwari wegungwa, akaparadza ngarava dzechiGiriki.
Zvitendero zvePallas Athena
Mukuwedzera kuAtene, ainamatwa mune mamwe maguta akadai seArgos, Sparta, Gortyna, Lindos, uye Larissa. Kubva muukama hwake naTriton, zvinofungidzirwa kuti nzvimbo dzekutanga dzekunamatira mwarikadzi uyu dzaive kumahombekombe eRwizi rweTriton muBoeotia, rukova rweLake Copaide.
Munzvimbo ino yekupedzisira, maererano netsika, pakanga paine maguta maviri akafukidzwa negungwa: Athens neEleusis. Kubva ipapo kapoka aka akatamira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakadai seLibya neAttica.
MuAtene, akava mwari anokosha zvikuru, achimupa hunhu hwenyoka sechiratidzo chekuvandudzwa kusingagumi. Kunamata mwarikadzi kwaisanganisira kutarisira kutangwa kwevarume vechidiki kuva vagari venyika uye vakadzi mukugadzirira kwavo muchato.
Ainamatwa samwari weguta rose uye muchengeti wemuzinda muzita rake remadunhurirwa rekuti Athena Polias. Muchokwadi, muguta rakaripa zita rayo, mhemberero yekare yainzi Plinterias yaiitwa gore rega rega mumwedzi weTargelion (kutenderera May, kutaura ikozvino) nemazuva mashanu.
Pamazuva adudzwa, vapristakadzi vaAthena vaiita miitiro yokuchenesa mutembere yakatsaurirwa kuna mwarikadzi naPoseidon, ainzi Erechtheion, uko chifananidzo chamwarikadzi chakanga chisina kupfekedzwa, zvipfeko zvaiwachwa nokucheneswa.
Ukuwo, paChalkeia Bronze Festival yakaitwa pazuva rokupedzisira romwedzi wePyanopsion (pakati paOctober naNovember), Athena Ergane, mwarikadzi wemhizha, kunyanya kuruka, ainamatwa. Akanga ariwo musande wevashandi vesimbi vaibatsira kugadzira zvombo nezvombo.
Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti chitendero cheAthena chakagamuchira hupfumi hunokosha paakapiwa basa remwarikadzi wefilosofi pakupera kwezana remakore reXNUMX.
Kune ngano dzakawanda uye nyaya muchitendero cheAtene umo Athena anoita basa rekuchengetedza kurima. Anonzi ndiye akatanga gejo nerekeni. Zvinonziwo ndiye akagadzira matomu ebhiza, joko remombe nengoro.
Uyewo, mwarikadzi akagadzira hari yevhu ndokudzidzisa unyanzvi hwomumba hwakadai sokuruka, kuruka, uye kubika. Mune mamwe mabasa, akasika nyere nehwamanda. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti vanakomana vake vakagamuchirwa vakagamuchirwa uye vakakudzwa muAttica nevarimi, yeuka kuti ava vaiva Erichthonius naErechtheus.
Saizvozvowo, Athena Promacos aimiririra zano uye kurangwa mukuita kwevarwi muhondo, kusiyana nemukoma wake Ares, aive mutsigiri wechisimba muhondo, kutsiva, kuteura ropa uye kuuraya.
Tsigiro yemwarikadzi yakanga yakaganhurirwa kune avo vairwira chikonzero chakarurama uye vakaona hondo seyokupedzisira nzira yokupedza kukakavara, ndokusaka vaGiriki vaimukudza kupfuura Ares.
Nenzira yakafanana, nyasha dzamwarikadzi dzakawira kuna avo vaishandisa ungwaru namanomano panzvimbo pesimba routsinye. Pamutambo wepagore wePamboeotia neMitambo yePanathenaic makore mana ari ose, uko kuratidzirwa kwounyanzvi hwemitambo nehondo kwakaitika, kunamatwa kwamwarikadzi kwaikosha zvikuru.
Tsika dzinoti Pallas Athena akarayira uye akabatsira Danio kuvaka ngarava yake, yekutanga yerudzi rwayo yaive nemakwasvi makumi mashanu. Nechikonzero ichi yave ichinamatwa kubva kare muLindos, rimwe remaguta makuru echitsuwa cheRhodes.
Zvibayiro zvakagadzirwa nemhou, makwayana nenzombe zvakapiwa kuna mwarikadzi, kubva kune iyo zvichida zita rokuti Taurobolius rinobva, zvisinei Eustacio akaratidza kuti vakadzi chete ndivo vaibayirwa kwaari.
Mhemberero dzakadai seCalinterias, Plinterias, Sciroforias, Arreforias neOscoforias, dzakaitwa mukukudza Athena mubasa rake semudziviriri wekurima. Mitambo yePanathenaic yakatanga semutambo wekukohwa uye mhemberero yekurima yaive nemasevhisi matatu: maviri ekukudza Athena nekugadzira kwake gejo uye wechitatu kukudza mwarikadzi wezvekurima Demetra.
Tsika yaiti kutenda kwaizoitwa kumwarikadzi nokuda kwekudzivirirwa kwembeu uye goho remangwana. Kakawanda, Pallas Athena aibatanidzwa naAphaia, mwarikadzi wembereko uye wekurima ainamatwa, munzvimbo tsvene yechitsuwa cheAegina muSaronic Gulf.
Zvinokwanisika kufunga kuti Alea, mwarikadzi wekare weArcadia, akafananidzwa naAthena uye akatumidzwa zita remadunhurirwa rokuti Athena Alea, anonamatwa mutemberi dzaTegea neMantineia. Vapristi vechikadzi vetembere idzi vaifanirwa kunge vari mhandara uye vaingobata chinzvimbo ichi kusvika pakuyaruka. Chifananidzo chaAthena Alea chakamira munzira kubva kuSparta kuenda kuTarapne muLaconia.
PaSpartan acropolis, Atene inonamatwa seAthens Polyioucos (yeimba yendarira), epithet yacho inogona kunge iri nekuti chifananidzo chainamatwa ipapo chakanga chakaitwa nendarira, madziro etemberi aigadzirwa nechinhu ichi, kana kuti nekuti mwarikadzi anodzivirira akanga achinzi muchengeti wevapfuri vesimbi MuSparta, zvakanga zvakajairika kuti mabhero aishandiswa pakunamata kweAtene aitwe nebhuronzi kana kuti terracotta.
Chimwe chinhu chinonakidza pamusoro pemachechi, chinoenderana netemberi yeIonic-style yakatsaurirwa kuna Athena Polias, yakavakwa muzana remakore rechina BC muguta rePriene, rakagadzirwa nemugadziri wechiGiriki Pitio de Priene, mugadziri mumwe chete wemausoleum weHalicamaso. , iyo yakatsaurirwa kuna Alexander Mukuru.
Mumiririri
Pallas Athena anowanzo kufananidzirwa akamira, akapfeka chiton chakazara, nhumbi dzokurwa dzevarwi, uye ngowani yeKorinde pahuma yake. Kazhinji inotakura nhovo ine gorgonians, musoro wejellyfish pakati uye nyoka dzakaipoteredza.
Aiwanzopfeka aegis sejasi, inoratidzwa sePromachos akabata pfumo pamusoro wake. Pane zviratidziro zvake zvinoenzanisira kuberekwa kwake kubva pamusoro waZeus, hondo nehofori, kutongwa nomuchinda weTrojan, uye kuberekwa kwomwanakomana wake wokurera. Inowanikwawo muzvivezwa, mari, uye mifananidzo padhaka.
Muvezi ane mukurumbira Phidias akaveza goridhe nenyanga dzenzou chrysanthemum basa ramwarikadzi aive muParthenon uye zvino akarasika, aive hofori, akapfeka machira refu uye akatakura musoro weMedusa. Pachifuva chake pfumo, muruoko rwake rworuboshwe nhoo yake ine zviono zvehondo yeAmazon nehofori, muruoko rwake rworudyi akabata Nike, mwarikadzi ane mapapiro okukunda, akamira uye nyoka patsoka dzemwarikadzi.
Panyaya yaPolias, anomiririrwa muNeo-Attic style yekuyamura chivezwa parizvino muVirginia Museum of Fine Arts, kwaanoita seakapfeka ngowani yeCorinthian, zizi riri muruoko rwake, uye nhoo yake yakazorora paHermas.
Hunhu hunowanzo miririrwa namwarikadzi ndeidzi:
- Ngowani yakashongedzwa negriffins, makwayana nemabhiza, ichizarura chiso chake, dzimwe nguva inotakurwa mumaoko ake.
- Iyo pectoral yegwayana kana aegis.
- Nhoo yakatenderera ine musoro weMedusa.
- Zizi, nyoka, jongwe, pfumo nedavi romuorivhi.
Julius Firmicus Maternus naClement weAlexandria, pakati pevamwe vanyori vechiKristu vepakutanga, vanonzi vakataura kuti Athena aimiririra zvese zvaisemesa muchipegani uye aimunyadzisa nekuzvibata uye unzenza, asi hunhu hwake hwakawanda hwakapihwa Mhandara Maria uye mune akati wandei. kesi iyo Gorgoneion yakaonekwa mumienzaniso kubva muzana ramakore rechina.
Munguva yeRenaissance, mifananidzo yakawanda yedimikira yairatidza Athena semutsigiri wehunyanzvi nebasa, aifarirwa nevanyori vekuItaly. Sandro Botticelli mumufananidzo wake kubva kuma1480, Pallas and the Centaur, airatidza mwarikadzi sechiratidzo chekuchena akabata kiya yebvudzi kune centaur inomiririra ruchiva.
Kunofadza kurangarira kuti pakati pezana ramakore rechi XNUMX nerechi XNUMX, kwakanga kune kombamiro yokufananidzira mwarikadzi navatongi vechikadzi. Zvaunogona kuona mubhuku raThomas Blennerhassett rine musoro unoti "The real Minerva" (shanduro yechiRoma yaPallas Athena), kwaakatsanangura mambo Elizabeth I weEngland sekuzvarwa patsva kwemwarikadzi.
Panguva imwecheteyo, mamwe maartist akadai saRubens, akaratidzira Pallas Athena semuperekedzi kuna Marie de' Medici. Catherine II weRussia anotomiririrwa samwarikadzi mukuputika kubva muna 1774, akavezwa nemuvezi weGerman Tassaert.
Inofanira kuwedzerwa kuti mifananidzo yose yevamwari vechiGiriki neveRoma vaiva muFrance panguva yezviitiko zveChimurenga cheFrance zvakaparadzwa nevanhu, kunze kwePallas Athena. Chikonzero chaiva pachena, sezvo akava chiratidzo rusununguko uye Republic kwavari. Kutaura idi, chifananidzo chakamiswa mukukudzwa kwake paPlace de la Révolution muParis.
Pallas Athena munyika yemazuva ano
Parizvino, unogona kuwana mufananidzo weParthenon muAthens muUnited States, yakavakwa nechinangwa chokupemberera kusvitsa makore 100 kweTennessee muna 1897. Zvisinei, iyi ndiyo yaiva mbiri yayakagamuchira panguva iyoyo, zvokuti zviremera zvakasarudza kuchengeta. kusvikira nhasi.
Zvechokwadi, munguva ye20s vaifanira kuita kugadziridza, nokuti zvinhu izvo zvakagadzirwa nazvo zvakanga zvisina kusimba, uye pakupera kwezana remakore vakamisa chifananidzo mukukudza kweParthenos version yemwarikadzi.
Kana iwe uri muEurope, unogona kuenda kuAustria unoona chifananidzo chaPallas Athena chakamira pamberi peparamende yenyika.
Kana waifarira chinyorwa ichi nezve Pallas Athena, tinokurudzira kuti uverenge nezvazvo: vamwari vengano dzechiRoman.