Nzendo dzaChristopher Columbus Ziva zvakavanzika zvake!

Chimwe chezviitiko zvakakosha zvenhoroondo yaive kuwanikwa kweAmerica, muna Gumiguru 12, 1492, iyo yakaitwa nenzendo dzakasiyana. Ndeapi aive nzendo dzaChristopher Columbus kuAmerica, yakaitwa mhiri kweAtlantic Ocean kuedza kutsvaga nyika itsva.

Nzendo dzaChristopher Columbus: kumashure

Iyo nyaya yekuwanikwa kweAmerica inoita kunge fungidziro uye iyo nzendo dzeChristopher Columbus dzevana, asi chaive chokwadi chakachinja nyika uye zvese zvakatanga nekudiwa kwekuziva kuti zvimiro zvefiziognomic zvakatanga kucherechedzwa mumifananidzo yeMexico zvakabva kupi, sezvo vakagadzira kushushikana nekumiririra chizvarwa cheAfro icho chaive nacho. vaigona kuve vakasangana, kunyangwe zvisingazivikanwe zvechokwadi kana vaive vagari vamwe chete panguva iyoyo.

America isati yawanikwa, pakanga patove nezviratidzo zvevanhu vanogona kutsanangura chikamu cheNyika Itsva kare Christopher Columbus asati asvika, semuenzaniso pamhenderekedzo yePacific pane humbowo hwemajini uye zvinhu izvo zvinogona kugumiswa kuti mapoka madiki evafambisi vengarava akasvika. kumahombekombe eSouth America. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kuva nepesvedzero yekusingaperi, zvichida nokuti pakanga pasina munhu wekuzvisimbisa uye hazvina kuonekwa sekuwanikwa.

Makore mashoma kusati kwawanikwa America, nzendo dzemugungwa dzakanga dzatotanga, kunyanya nemaPutukezi kuenda kuIndia, iyo yaiyambuka mahombekombe eAfrica uye yakaramba ichienda kumabvazuva kuburikidza neIndia Ocean, uye izvi zvakashanda sekusimudzira kune avo vaifamba nechikepe muEurope. pfungwa yokuti zvaibvira kusvika Asia nokufamba kumadokero

Nekune rimwe divi, chimwe chezvikonzero zvekutanga rwendo rwekuwanikwa kweAmerica ndechekuti Christopher Columbus aive nepfungwa yekuti dhayamita rePasi raive diki uye panguva imwe chete fungidziro yekuti Asia yaigona kusvikwa nekufamba kubva kuEurope; saka muna 1492 akawana tsigiro yemadzimambo Isabella weCastile naFerdinand weAragon uye vakamubvumira kuronga rwendo rwekuongorora rwakamuendesa kune chimwe chezvakanyanya kuwanikwa munhoroondo, kuwanikwa kweAmerica.

Resumen

Kutaura nezve a pfupiso yenzendo dzaChristopher Columbus, zvinofanirwa kutanga nepfungwa yekuti aifanira kuita rwendo rwekutsvaga Nyika Itsva, saka, akafunga kutora rwendo rwekuongorora uye kuronga kwekoloni kuti awane nzira yekumavirira yekutengeserana kwezvigadzirwa zveAsia.

Christopher Columbus anotanga nzendo ina dzaanofanira kuita uye dzinopedza mwedzi miviri nemazuva mapfumbamwe kubva paPort of Palo nekuyambuka Atlantic Ocean. Mune idzi, aive nerutsigiro rwemadzimambo echiCatholic Isabel de Castilla naFernando de Aragón kuti vakwanise kusvika kuchitsuwa cheGuanahani, hurongwa hwake hwaive hwekutsvaga nzira yekuenda kuIndia uye akatenda kudaro, asi chokwadi akawana dzimwe nyika dzadzo. akanga asina ruzivo rwakazivikanwa.

Ichi chinhu chakakosha munhoroondo yepasirese sezvo ichienderana nekusangana kwenyika mbiri, kunyangwe nzira yekuAsia yekutengesa zvigadzirwa haina kuwanikwa, kuwanikwa uku kwakapa humambo hweCastile nenzvimbo nyowani dzekuwedzera, kuwedzera kune hupfumi hwakawanda.

Mune mamwe mashoko akasainwa muSanta Fe, madzimambo akabvumirana naColumbus kuti aizogamuchira betsero kubva mukutengeserana pamwe chete nenyika dzaakawana munzira yake; mushure meizvi zvakatanga gadziriro dzekutanga nzendo ina dzaChristopher Columbus. Kana iwe uchida kuziva nezve biography yevanyori vakuru, tinokurudzira kuti ushanyire Biography Estanislao Zuleta uye mabhuku ake.

Kutanga rwendo

Madzimambo echiKaturike, achida kubatsira Christopher Columbus kuti asvike kuAsia, akamupa mazita akasiyana-siyana akadai saAdmiral, Viceroy uye Gavhuna kuwedzera kune 10% yehupfumi. Nokudaro, Columbus akaunganidza vashandi 90 nengarava nhatu dzaizobva pachiteshi chengarava cheOviedo chePalos de la Frontera pana August 3, 1492 uye munguva yevhiki imwe dzakasvika kuCanary Islands pachitsuwa cheLa Gomera.

Pana September 6 wegore rimwe chetero, vakakwanisa kufambazve nechikepe uye pana October 7 vakarega kutevera nzira yacho ndokunanga kuBahamas. Musi wa11 Gumiguru, Columbus akafunga kuti maziso ake airatidza chimwe chinhu, asi Rodrigo de Triana ndiye akashevedzera kuti “Land in sight” mangwanani akatevera. Columbus paakasvika kuGuanahaní, akadzika pasi ndokuchinjana zvinhu nevanhu ikoko, kunyange zvazvo vakanga vasina ndarama, iyo yaiva imwe yezvinhu zvainyanya kutsvakwa nevanhu vokuSpain.

Kuburikidza ne mepu dzenzendo dzaChristopher Columbus, akakwanisa kusvika kuAmerica parwendo rwake rwokutanga pana October 12, 1492, uye akasvika nomungarava dzake nhatu La Niña, La Pinta neLa Santa María; kuzvitsuwa zvakawanda zveCaribbean zvinosanganisira Guanahani zvavakatumidza San Salvador, Cuba inonzi Juana neSanto Domingo seHispaniola; Mukupedzisira Columbus akapunzika ngarava yake yakanakisa yaive Santa María, asi nemasara ematanda akavaka imwe yainzi La Navidad.

Izvi zvitsuwa zviduku, izvo Columbus akasvika kare, zvakavhiringidzwa neAsia, asi vachiona kuti kwakanga kune budiriro duku uye kwakanga kusina nhamba huru yavanhu, vakasarudza kupfuurira nechikepe. Santa María payakarovera pane chimwe chezvitsuwa, Columbus akasarudza kusiya makumi mana evashandi vake ipapo kuti vaongorore uye vagadzire hukama hwehukama hwepaakazodzokera kurwendo rwechipiri, uye nokudaro kuvaka chikepe chidiki chitsva (La Navidad).

Rwendo rwechipiri

Christopher Columbus paakasvika kuSpain, akatsanangurira madzimambo zvese zvakaitika parwendo uye akavaratidza zvimwe zvinhu zvaakaunganidza zvakaita segoridhe, maparera uye akazivisa mamwe maIndia kwavari, madzimambo, kuona nekunzwa zvese zvakataurwa naColumbus. Zvakawanikwa izvi, zvakaiswa kuti zviwanikwa izvi zvive pamutemo kuburikidza nekusaina kwaPope Alexander VI uyo akapa Castile nharaunda idzo uye basa raColumbus raive rekutanga kugadzirira rwendo rwechipiri kunotora nzvimbo idzodzo.

Nenzira iyi, boka rengarava dzemakoloni rakarongwa raisanganisira ngarava 17 nevashandi 1500 25 vanobva mumarudzi ose emabasa, sezvo tariro yokuwana pfuma yakaita kuti vanhu vabatane uye nokudaro vakabva musi waSeptember 1493, 5 kubva muguta reCádiz nechinangwa charo. kwaiva kuunza kuvapo kweSpain kunharaunda dzakanga dzatowanikwa uye kuedza kutsvaga nzira yekuenda kuIndia, uye kuenderera mberi nekuwana zvimwe. Vakasvika muCanary Islands pana October 2, uye ipapo pachitsuwa cheDominica muLesser Antilles pana November XNUMX, uye vachibva ikoko vakashanyira zvimwe zvitsuwa zvacho.

Chitsuwa chokutanga icho Christopher Columbus akawana chaiva La Descada; Gare gare Puerto Rico yakauya ikakwanisa kusvika kuHispaniola, kwavakanga vaparadza Fort La Navidad, yaakanga agadzira pamwe chete nemauto ake parwendo rwokutanga. Gare gare, pedyo nechitsuwa ichocho, Columbus akasika guta rake rokutanga musi waJanuary 6, 1494 rainzi Villa Isabela.

Akazoenderera mberi nekuongorora, achisvika kuCuba, ndokuzowana Jamaica, akazodzokera kuSpain muna 1496. Nekuda kwerwendo rwechipiri rwaChristopher Columbus, pakava netapuro huru muAmerica sezvo tsika dzakasiyana nemhando dzezvinhu zvakabatanidzwa, sekudya kwakasiyana-siyana, michero, mhuka, uye tsika yekukunda, ivo vaigara vachifambira mberi, uye pakati pemakore 1499 na1519 "nzendo dzekuwana nekununura" dzakatanga kuitika nguva nenguva.

Américo Vespucio akapinda mune yekutanga yeiyi, aive wekutanga wevaEurope kutaura kuti nyika dzakasvika Christopher Columbus dzaive dzisiri dzeAsia, asi dzekondinendi isingazivikanwe nevaEurope uye kubva kune zita rakapihwa zita. ye "America".

Chechitatu kufamba

Apo Christopher Columbus akadzokera kuSpain, akasangana namadzimambo echiKaturike, uye panguva ino vaizobatanidzwa zvikuru mukurongwa kwourwu rwendo rwechitatu, uko vakaisa mimwe migariro, iyo Columbus aifanira kuenda kubhangi reGenoese kuti apiwe mari chikamu chenyika. zvimwe chete.

Rwendo rwechitatu rwaColumbus rwakatanga paakasimuka muna Chivabvu 30, 1498 kubva kuSanlúcar de Barrameda aine ngarava 6 nevashandi 226 vakasvika kuCanary Islands uye kubva ipapo vakapatsanurwa, 3 caravels vakaenda kuchitsuwa cheHispaniola uye imwe 3 kuenda kugungwa. Zvitsuwa zveCape Verde uko Columbus akaenda kunotsvaga pfuma.

Pashure perwendo rwakazara nezvinetso zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai sedenda pakati pevafambisi vezvikepe, vakasvika pachitsuwa cheTrinidad pana July 31, uye gare gare paGulf of Paria pamuromo woRwizi Orinoco, vachibata nyika yekondinendi kekutanga kuchamhembe. of Venezuela; Akafunga kudaidza iyo nyika yese kuti "Nyika Yenyasha", nekuda kwerunako rwaakaona uye nekuda kwemutsa wevanhu veko. Nokudaro, akagumisa kuti akanga asvika kune imwe nyika nekuda kwehuwandu hwemvura yakachena.

Pana Nyamavhuvhu 20 vakanga vari muguta rakavambwa reSanto Domingo uko vakawana chitsuwa chiri mumugariro wokumukira kwavagari vemo uyewo navaSpanish. Pakave nemakakatanwa akati wandei asi chakanyanya kukosha kwaive kumukira kwaFrancisco Roldán, Meya weHispaniola, akakwanisa kufamba uye kusimudza vanopfuura mazana matatu vekuSpain, asi pakupedzisira Roldán aifanira kutaurirana nevapanduki uye kubvuma mamiriro avo.

Zvinhu zvose izvi zvakasvika munzeve dzaCastile uye madzimambo aifanira kutumira mutongi kuchitsuwa kuti aongorore kuti chii chaiitika naColumbus, izvi akadzokera kuchitsuwa cheHispaniola Columbus akatorwa musungwa nekuda kwekunyunyuta kwaiva nevaSpain kuti vakanga. pasi pekuraira kwake, sezvo pakanga paine kushaikwa kwepfuma yavaizowana maererano navo. Mugore ra1500, Francisco de Bobadilla akatora hurumende yomubati ndokupfigira Columbus mutorongo, uyo akaendeswa kuCastile nemhosva dzakakomba ndokudzokera kuSpain, uko Mambokadzi Isabel akamusunungura asi akarasikirwa nomukurumbira waakanga anawo.

Achienderera mberi, akabva aongorora zvitsuwa zvitatu zveNueva Esparta, umo chitsuwa chake chikuru chainzi Asunción, mamwe akaongororwa ndiCubagua neCoche. Gare gare, pearl pettlement yakagadzirwa uye kubva pane izvi, muna 1528, guta rekutanga rakavambwa neSpanish pane imwe kondinendi yeAmerica rakazvarwa, rainzi Nueva Cádiz.

Rwendo rwechina

Kunyange zvazvo Columbus aiva nechinetso chokurasikirwa nemukurumbira wake nezvinhu zvake, akasarudza kuita rwendo rwake rwokupedzisira, rwakanga rwuri rwechina, aine zvirambidzo zvakasiyana-siyana apo aisakwanisa kusvika kunyika dzeHispaniola nemhaka yezvinetso zvakanga zvakonzerwa. chitsuwa ichocho. Mukuru mutsva kana kuti gavhuna wekoroni yacho, ainzi Nicolás de Ovando, haana kubvumira chipi nechipi chengarava dzaColumbus kuburuka, kunyange kana akachinja chokufambisa kuenda kune chiri nani.

Chinangwa cherwendo urwu rwechina chaiva chokuti Columbus akanga achitsvaka Strait yeMalacca, iyo maererano naye yakanga yasvika kuAsia uye yaizomubvumira kuti asvike kuIndies. Akabva pachiteshi chengarava cheCádiz mumakore ari pakati pa1502 na1504, kwaakandoongorora mhenderekedzo yegungwa yokumadokero yeCentral America yakadai sechitsuwa cheGuanaja, icho nhasi chinozivikanwa senyika dzeHonduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica nePanama.

Akaenda musi waChivabvu 11, 1502, aine makaravhari maviri nezvikepe zviviri zvinonzi La Capitana, La Gallega, La Vizcaína neSantiago de Palos; uye ichipfuura nemuCanary Islands, yakasvika kuIndies mumazuva makumi matatu. Mushure menzendo ina idzodzo dzaChristopher Columbus, nzendo dzakati wandei dzakaenderera mberi nenzendo diki dzakasiyana, asi izvo zvakabvumira kuvepo kwese kwekondinendi yeAmerica kuzikanwa uye kuongorora mhenderekedzo yese yeVenezuela.

nzendo diki

Kuti vasvike pakuwanikwa kwepakati peAmerica, vaifanira kufamba vachitevedza gungwa reCaribbean vachipfuura nemunyika dzava kunzi Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica nePanama, vachisvika kuRwizi rweBelén uko vakavamba guta rekutanga reSpain mukondinendi yeAmerica. yavakatumidza kuti Santa María de Belén. Ikoko vakarasikirwa neimwe yekaravhari, iyo yakaparadzwa nemamiriro okunze uye kukuvadzwa nedutu.

Mukurongeka uku, vakatevera nzira iri kumahombekombe kudzamara vasvika kunyika dzeVeragua dzaitova dzaAlonso de Ojeda uye nechikonzero ichi havana kukwanisa kugara pavakarasa imwe karavhari, uye vaine makaravha maviri chete vakaramba vachifamba vakananga kuchamhembe. chikamu cheCuba chakasvika muJamaica musi waChikumi 25, 1503, kwavakachengetedza makaravhari maviri akasara kuitira kuti asarasikirwe mugungwa.

Ivo vakagara muJamaica kwegore rose, kutozosvikira kumukira kwakasiana-siana kwavaSpania avo vakashatirirwa Christopher Columbus kwakavamba kuwedzera; nekuda kwerwendo ruduku rwevarume vaviri vakaenda kuSanto Domingo kunokumbira rubatsiro uye pakupedzisira vakanunurwa, vachikwanisa kusvika kuchitsuwa cheEspañola.

Korona yeSpain yakasarudza kugumisa nzendo uye kufamba kune Indies yeChristopher Columbus mugore re1499 uye yakazarura nzira kuitira kuti vamwe vafambisi vezvikepe nemamwe mabhizinesi vawane mukana wekuongorora; izvi zvakagadzira nzira yainzi nzendo diki kana nzendo dzeAndalusian kana nzendo dzekuongorora nekununura, pakati pezvimwe.

Mazita aya akapihwa kwairi, nekuti vese vakasarudza kuita chiitiko vakazvironga vakabva kuAndalusia uye vazhinji vevanhu vakaita izvi vaibva kuSpain. Pakati peavo vakatanhamara zvikuru pakanga pane vanhu vakadai saPedro Alonso Niño, akanga ari muvambi weGulf of Paria muVenezuela, Juan Ladrillero, muvambi weStrait of Magellan, Vicente Yáñez Pinzón, muvambi weBrazil, Bartolomé Ruiz, akawana. ndokufamba muPacific Ocean, pakati pezvimwe. .

Mhedzisiro yekuwanikwa kweAmerica

• Masimba ekunze, kunyanya eEurope, akamanikidza mutauro wavo munzvimbo dzawo, zvichiita kuti zvizvarwa zvemo zvijairane nawo, uye maPutukezi neSpanish akanyanya nekuti vaive vakundi kunyanya kubva kuPortugal neSpain. MaSpanish nguva nenguva aibvumira mimwe mitauro yeIndia seGuarani kana Quechua.
• Chitendero cheKaturike chakava chitendero chepamutemo.
• Kufamba uye kutengeserana kwakawedzera, pamwe nekupararira kwepasirese kwechikafu chaigona kungowanikwa uye kudyiwa nedzimwe tsika dzeAmerica, uye izvo vazhinji vaisaziva.
• Apo Christopher Columbus akasvika, yakashanda sechiito chokukurudzira kukunda kweAmerica, sezvo vamwe vanhu nevamwe vanhu vakanga vasiri veSpanish chete, asiwo maPutukezi, maChirungu, maDutch nemaFrench vaibatanidzwa mubasa racho.

• Mwero yakakwira yekusiyana yakaitwa pakati pevanhu uye pakati petsika, nevanhu veko uye vaEurope.
• Vadzori veEngland vakaumba ndokuronga pfungwa itsva yenzanga iyo yakatanga, norusununguko, bumbiro remitemo uye mubatanidzwa, nokudaro ndokuparira iyo yava kunzi nyika yeUnited States of America, iyo yakatsiva Great Britain sesimba renyika.
• Hupfumi hukuru hwakatorwa nevaSpanish kubva kunyika dzeAmerica yaive goridhe nesirivha. Pakutanga huwandu hwegoridhe hwaive hudiki asi gare gare vakawana zvakapambwa zvikuru munzvimbo huru.
• Kwakanga kune zvirwere zvakawanda zvezvirwere zvakadai seyellow fever, chibhokisi, pakati pezvimwe; sezvo vaEurope vakavabatanidza muhuwandu hwevanhu uye izvo zvakakonzera kuparara mairi uye kuwedzera kwekufa kwayo.
• VaSpain neEurope vakaunza kuAmerica mhuka dzaizobatsira dzakadai semabhiza, mbongoro, mhou, makwai, pakati pezvimwe; pamwe chete nemhuka dzepapurazi sehuku netsuro. Shanduko yakabatanidza mimwe miti yakakosha kugadzira gorosi, oats, bhari, kofi uye nzimbe.

Nhaka yenzendo dzaChristopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus akafira muValladolid muna Chivabvu 20, 1506, uye anonzi ndiye muvambi weAmerica, sezvo akaongorora nzvimbo idzi uye akavamba maguta munzvimbo dzakasiyana sezvitsuwa zveCuba neSanto Domingo. Nenzira iyi akaita nzendo ina kuAmerica akabata zvinzvimbo zvakasiyana zvaakapihwa zvakaita sagavhuna nemutevedzeri wake, akapedzisira ave kupomerwa hudzvinyiriri kwaakarasikirwa neropafadzo dzake dzose.

Columbus akakwanisa kukurudzira vafambisi vezvikepe, uye kondinendi ichangobva kuwanikwa yakatumidzwa zita remumwe muongorori akafurirwa anonzi Amerigo Vespucci, akaitawo nzendo dzakawanda kuAmerica mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Muzvinyorwa zvake, Vespucci akanyora kare kuti nyika idzi dzakanga dzisiri Indies, asi dzaive chikamu chekondinendi itsva yaiva pakati peEurope neAsia. Saizvozvo, Columbus akapawo mamwe mazita kumaguta, matunhu uye nyika yeColombia.

Kupfuura kwakasiiwa nenhaka yaColumbus kwave nekuita kukuru kwepasirese, sezvo Christopher Columbus akakodzera kucherechedzwa nekuvhura magonhi kuitira kuti munhu wese awane nzvimbo nyowani dziripo munyika. Izvi zvakataurwa naBartolomé de las Casas munyaya yaakanyora nezvenzendo dzacho, achitaura kuti Columbus ndiye akatanga kufunga nezvokuvhura masuo iwayo akanga ambovharwa kwenguva yakareba.

Bartolomé de las Casas, nanhasi achiri manyuko anokosha ezivo pamusoro paColumbus, sezvo manyoro ake ari iwo bedzi kopi iripo yedhayari raColumbus, uye anonyora kuti: “NdiColumbus akapa chiedza chakabvumira vamwe kuti vaone sei. kuwana.”, Uyewo, haatsoropodzi apo manyoro anorondedzera ruparadziko rwakatambura vagari vomunzvimbomo nemhaka yaColumbus neboka rake ravarume, anosimbisa kuti Admiral aifanira kudai akapfuurira zviri nani.

Kunyange zvazvo ichokwadi kuti akawanda akanyorwa pamusoro peinotevera Columbian Exchange, ndiko kuti, ichokwadiwo kuti kuchinjana kwemiti, mhuka, zvirwere, kutama kwevanhu uye kuchinja kwetsika; zvakabatsira vadzidzi venhoroondo kuti vasambokanganwa kuti kuwanikwa kweNyika Itsva kwaivewo neruzivo rwepfungwa uye ndiyo nhaka yakanakisa ingadai yakasiiwa.

Munguva yezera iroro rekuwanikwa, vekuMadokero kweEurope vakadzidza kuve nekukwanisa kuchinjana ruzivo nemunhu wese akavapoteredza nezvese zvavanoziva. Saka, pesvedzero yakananga yaChristopher Columbus inoratidzwa semumwe wevanonyanya kukosha vafungi venguva uye murume akatungamira nzira, anokodzera kucherechedzwa kuti akaburitsa shanduko yehungwaru yakaratidza kutanga kweNguva Yemazuvano, uye dai aive nayo. kwete dai akanga ari Columbus, nyika yaisazombova sezvairi nhasi, uyewo rudzi rwomunhu rwaisazova.

Zvinoda kuziva nezve mafambiro aChristopher Columbus

• Rwendo rwokupedzisira rwaChristopher Columbus rwakanga rwuri muna 1508, kunyange zvazvo akanga atorambidzwa kutsika Hispaniola, panguva ino akaenda kumhenderekedzo yeHonduras.
• Columbus akasungwa ndokurasikirwa neropafadzo dzake muHispaniola.
• Kusvika muna 1513, varume vakapinda murwendo rwekutanga rwaChristopher Columbus vakagamuchira mubhadharo wekuva parwendo.
• Magwaro akanyorwa naColumbus anoratidza kuti akanga ari murume aifarira zvechitendero uye kuti aifunga kuti akanga akumbirwa kuita basa raakanga atumwa naMwari.

• Muna 1500, maMonarch echiKatorike akafunga kutumira Francisco Bobadilla kuti agadzirise chitsuwa ichi, sezvo pakanga paine kusagutsikana kwakawanda kwenhengo dzevashandi vaChristopher Columbus nekuda kwemabatiro aaiita zvese, nekuti akazvichengetera purofiti. nemhuri yake.
• Pashure perwendo rwokutanga, Columbus akadzokera kuSpain ndokuratidza Isabella wokuCastile naFerdinand wokuAragon zvipo zvakasiyana. MaIndia vatanhatu vakabhapatidzwa muKathedral yeBarcelona, ​​​​uye akaunza maparrots ane mavara mazhinji, mabhandi egoridhe, zvishongo zvakaitwa nematombo anokosha zvaakawana, pakati pezvimwe.
•  Cristóbal Quintero aive muridzi we "La Pinta" uye Martín Alonso Pinzón ndiye aitungamira. Juan Niño aivewo muridzi we "La Niña", ane zita rekutanga raive "Santa Clara".
• Musi waGumiguru 12, 1492, maawa maviri mushure mepakati pehusiku, Rodrigo de Triana ndiye mutyairi wengarava akashevedzera kuti "nyika pakuona", aive muchikepe cheLa Pinta.
• Mukuwanikwa kweAmerica, maIndia echiTaino vaive vekutanga veko vaigona kuonana naChristopher Columbus nevashandi vake.

• Columbus, asati afa, akataura mune imwe yetsamba dzake dzekupedzisira kuti Nyika yakanga yakaita sepear, uye denderedzwa rePasi riri diki pamatanda.
• Musi waGunyana 14, Columbus akanyora mubhuku rake kuti vafambisi vengarava ve "La Niña" vaiti vakaona shiri nemaparakeet ane mutsanga.
• Pashure pemazuva 70 okufamba, Christopher Columbus nevashandi vake vakasvika kumhenderekedzo yeGuanahani Island muBahamas archipelago, nokudaro vachiumba ukama pakati peNyika Yekare neNyika Itsva.
•  America yakatumidzwa zita rekuti Amerigo Vespucci, mufambisi wezvikepe uyo aive wekutanga kumepu kondinendi itsva inofungidzirwa kuve India.
• Kwakanga kusati kuri kutozosvikira muna 1547 apo Korona yeSpain yakabvumira vakadzi kushanyira inonzi Nyika Itsva.

• Vashandi vakaenda kuAmerica vakaumbwa nevarume makumi mapfumbamwe, vangangove vese maPutukezi, mamwe maBasque, gumi kubva kuCantabria uye vasungwa vashanu vakachinja mutongo wavo werwendo rwemwedzi inodarika miviri.
• Makaravhari maviri chete ndiwo akatora chikamu mukuwanikwa kweAmerica, miswe yacho yaive La Pinta neLa Niña, sezvo Santa María yaive nao, inova imwe mhando yengarava hombe uye yaimbonzi María Galante.
• Hapana mutezo wenheyo ipi neipi yorudzidziso yakafamba naChristopher Columbus.
• Zuva reMujaho, rinotsvaga kuyeuchidza kukosha kwehunhu hwemadzinza netsika uye inodaidzira ngwariro kukufungisisa kwenhoroondo.
• Zvairambidzwa kuti vakadzi kubva mukondinendi yekare vaende kuAmerica kusvika 1547.

• Santa María haana kudzokera kuSpain. sezvo yakarova dombo uye nezvisaririra zvayo nhare yakagadzirwa. Naizvozvo, Columbus akangodzoka aine 2 ngarava nehafu yevashandi.
• Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vakasiyana-siyana vanoti vanhu vokuAsia vakayambuka vachienda kune imwe nyika munguva yechando. MaVikings anotendwawo kuti akasvika muCanada nguva refu pamberi penzendo dzaChristopher Columbus.
• Nekuda kwehupfumi hwakawanikwa nenzendo dzekutsvagisa, pakanga paine shanduko yemitengo muEurope yakabvumira Humambo hweHispanic kupa mari hondo zhinji dzayaibatanidzwa.
• Zvokudya zvinokosha zvakadai sechibage, mbatatisi, matomatisi, chokoreti, mbambaira, avocado, manhanga, pakati pezvimwe zvakatangira mumarudzi akaberekerwamo eAndes zvakapiwa. Zvakare zvigadzirwa zvine kukosha kwakaenzana zvinobva kuAmerica zvakaita serabha nefodya.
• Yakawanda yesirivha negoridhe, inenge 80%, yakaramba iri muSpain America panguva iyoyo.