Nhoroondo yeAlbania muchidimbu, yatichaona munyaya ino, yave iri nzvimbo yetsika dzakasiyana kwemazana emakore anoverengeka. Muchokwadi, nenzvimbo yayo mu mwoyo weBalkan, nyika ino yagara ichiita sea zambuko pakati pekumabvazuva nekumadokero.
Kutaura zvazviri, nhoroondo yakaunza musanganiswa mukuru wemadzinza nemarudzi kuAlbania, iyo ichiri kukamura nharaunda nanhasi. Muchinyorwa chino tinofamba tese Nhoroondo yeAlbania, tichipfuura nemunguva dzakasiyana dzenhoroondo kuti ndizive muchidimbu nhoroondo yeAlbania. Pakupedzisira, tichakupa mazano ekufambisa muAlbania kuti idzokere kunzvimbo dzayo dzine mbiri yakapfuura.
Matanho enhoroondo yeAlbania
Nhoroondo yeAlbania inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvakawanda. Imwe neimwe yenguva idzi dzenhoroondo yakabatsira mukuumba vanhu vemazuva ano vekuAlbania. Chokwadi, budiriro dzekare dzakadai se illyrian uye kukunda marudzi akadai vaRoma, byzantines y ottomans, zvakabetsera mumazana amakore kuumba boka redzinza rine pfungwa yakasimba yokuva venyika yavo vamene.
Saka ngationei nhoroondo yeAlbania muchidimbu uye chii main periods nhoroondo.
| Nguva | Nguva Nhoroondo |
|---|---|
| 700 BC - 200 BC | VaIririya nevaMasedhonia |
| 200 BC - 395 AD | kukunda kweRoma |
| 395 - 1.190 | Byzantine Empire |
| 1.190 - 1.368 | Middle Ages |
| 1.368 - 1.481 | Skanderberg uye Principality yeAlbania |
| 1481 - 1912 | hutongi hweOttoman |
| 1912 - 1924 | Kuzvimirira kweAlbania |
| 1924 - nhasi | Zera remazuva ano |
Ancient Illyria uye Macedonia
Kunyange zvazvo Albania yakanga yatogarwa munguva dzekare, mavambo ekutanga ebudiriro yakarongeka akadzokera kuzana ramakore rechinomwe BC. C. Munguva yenguva yakatungamirira kuzana remakore rechina BC. C., nzvimbo yazvino yeWestern Balkans yaive nevanhu kubudikidza ari illyrian. Vakaramba kwenguva refu vari vanhu vemakororo nemakororo, vakarongwa kuva nhevedzano yemarudzi anotungamirirwa namambo mumwe. Nzvimbo yayo huru yaienderana neguta razvino re scutari. Chero zvazvingava, ichi chiverengero chavagari vapasi chakakurumidza kusangana nebudiriro yechiGiriki, iyo yakatanga maguta akadai Durres y Apollonia muAlbania.
Muna 358 B.C. C., nhau yakachinja zvikuru muAlbania. Saizvozvo, Masedhoniya rakava simba guru munharaunda yeBalkan, uye Firipi II muMakedhonia zvechokwadi akakunda maIllyrians. Mushure mechiitiko chakakosha ichi, mauto ehondo Alexander Mukuru en Persia, zvakare nerubatsiro rwevaIllyrians, vakazova boka remauto rine mukurumbira kumutungamiriri.
Ancient Illyria uye Macedonia
Kunyange zvazvo Albania yakanga yatogarwa munguva dzekare, mavambo ekutanga ebudiriro yakarongeka akadzokera kuzana ramakore rechinomwe BC. C. Munguva yenguva yakatungamirira kuzana remakore rechina BC. C., nzvimbo yazvino yeWestern Balkans yaive nevanhu kubudikidza ari illyrian. Vakaramba kwenguva refu vari vanhu vemakororo nemakororo, vakarongwa kuva nhevedzano yemarudzi anotungamirirwa namambo mumwe. Nzvimbo yayo huru yaienderana neguta razvino re scutari. Chero zvazvingava, ichi chiverengero chavagari vapasi chakakurumidza kusangana nebudiriro yechiGiriki, iyo yakatanga maguta akadai Durres y Apollonia muAlbania.
Muna 358 B.C. C., nhau yakachinja zvikuru muAlbania. Saizvozvo, Masedhoniya rakava simba guru munharaunda yeBalkan, uye Firipi II muMakedhonia zvechokwadi akakunda maIllyrians. Mushure mechiitiko chakakosha ichi, mauto ehondo Alexander Mukuru en Persia, zvakare nerubatsiro rwevaIllyrians, vakazova boka remauto rine mukurumbira kumutungamiriri.
kukunda kweRoma
Muzana remakore rechitatu B.C. C., nhoroondo yeAlbania yakaona kupinda kwe romans muIllyria. Muchokwadi, kuwedzera kukuru kweiyo umambo hweMasedhonia zvakakonzera kurwisana kusingadzivisiki pakati pemasimba makuru maviri. Muguta rekare re Fenice, pedyo neSaranda, hondo dzakakosha dzakaitika pakati pehofori mbiri dzakaguma nekukunda kwekupedzisira kweRoma muna 168 BC. Mukutonga kweRoma, Albania yakava nyika. Ruwa rweRoma rweIllyria. Mukuwedzera, maguta akawanda akavambwa, akadai Butrint, kana kuti nzvimbo dzekare dzakawanikwa hellenic Chemhondoro Apollonia.
Byzantine Empire
Muna AD 395, Humambo hweRoma hwakapatsanuka uye Albania yakava chikamu che Humambo hweEast Roman. Kubva panguva ino, saka, nguva yekutonga kwe byzantines. Asi kutonga kwake pamusoro peIllyria yekare hakuzobatsiri. Kutaura zvazviri, Albania yakatambura nechisimba chakawanda nechisimba goths y varanda, uye gare gare nokuda kwe vabulgaria. Kunyanya, vakagadzira matambudziko mazhinji kumaguta eByzantine mukati, ayo akadzoserwazve muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Mambo Teofiro.
Pasinei nenguva iyi yekusagadzikana nguva dzose, pasi peByzantines guta rakawana nguva dzekubwinya kukuru kweunyanzvi. Kutaura zvazviri, akanaka monasteries of Zvenec, ardenica y Berat Vanobva panguva ino.
makore apakati
Nhoroondo yeAlbania inoona munguva yekupedzisira yeMiddle Ages nguva yekuvandudzwa kukuru. Kutaura idi, pashure penhevedzano youbati ushe hwokumwe, Albania yakava rutivi rwenyika yakabatana kekutanga munhau. Iyi yaive nguva yekukura kukuru nebudiriro. Muchokwadi, guta rakawedzera hukama neMaritime Republics yeAmalfi neVenice, asi pamusoro pezvose yakagadzira hukama hwakasimba ne angevins, the suevi uye makuru Mhuri dzeNorman.
Mukuwedzera, kubva muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, pesvedzero ye Serenissima yeVenice yakawedzera kukosha mundima yeAlbania uye muguta re durazzo yakava nzvimbo inokosha yezvokutengeserana yeVenetian.
Skanderbeg uye Hukuru hweAlbania
Muna 1385, the nhoroondo muAlbania akaona kusvika kwekutanga Vakundi veTurkey, nechinangwa chekukunda uye kuita chiIslam muMediterranean. Munguva iyi, Principality yeAlbania yaidzora dunhu, nhare yakakosha yechiKristu ine hukama hwakanakisa zvese neRepublic yeVenice uye Constantinople.
VaAlbania, vakatungamirirwa negamba renyika Giorgio Castriota Skanderberg, kwenguva refu vakaramba kukomba kweOttoman. Nhare yakasimba yekupikisa kweAlbania yaive nhare yeKruje, chigaro chehukuru uye nzvimbo yekuzvarwa yeSkanderbeg. Akaunganidza pamwe chete vanhu vese vedunhu kuti varwe neIslam kufambira mberi, vachivamba League of Albanian Peoples. Pasinei nekukunda kwakawanda uye kuramba kunotyisa, Skanderbeg akafa muna 1468 achipa makiyi eAlbania kuAlbania. Humambo hweOttoman.
hutongi hweOttoman
Nekusvika kwa Humambo hweOttoman, Albania yakapedza mazana emakore 5 ichitongwa neTurkey. Asi kutendeutsirwa kuIslam nevanhu vokuAlbania kwakanga kusiri nyore. Kutaura zvazviri, nzanga dzakawanda dzomunzvimbomo dzakamanikidzwa kutamira kune yaimbova panguva iyoyo Humambo hweNaples, kunyanya muCalabria, Puglia neSicily. Kunyange nhasi mumataundi akawanda ari kumaodzanyemba kubva kuItari, se Piana degli Albanesi, mutauro wokuAlbania unotaurwa semutauro wechipiri wepamutemo.
Chero zvazvingava, pasinei nenguva yekutanga yenhamo, chiIslam chakakwanisa kukunda, kunyanya pakati peAlbania, uko kwakakurumidza kutendeuka kwemarudzi. mirditi. Asi pasi peHumambo hweOttoman, nhoroondo yeAlbania yakava nenguva dzerima. Muchokwadi, nzvimbo yeBalkan yakaonekwa nevatongi veTurkey senzvimbo yekupedzisira yekusvika pamberi pekukunda kweEurope.
Kuzvimirira kweAlbania
Muzana remakore rechi1912, Albania yakakamurwa kuva nharaunda dzinoverengeka dzomukati. Vazhinji vevaAlbania vedzinza vakatsigira vatongi veOttoman, nepo vaMyrdite vakaramba vakavimbika kwavari. Muna XNUMX, mushure memakore emhirizhonga yekuchinja, dunhu rose reBalkan rakanga rava bhomba renguva.
Muchokwadi, nyika imwe neimwe yakatora chikamu chayo chenzvimbo uye Hondo yekutanga yeBalkan yakabuda pakati peAlbania, Serbia, Greece, Montenegro neOttoman Empire. Pakupera kwehondo, Humambo hweOttoman hwakapa dzimwe ropafadzo kunyika uye, nerubatsiro rwemasimba makuru eEurope, New Principality yeAlbania.
Zera remazuva ano
Nguva yemazuva ano inotisvitsa muna 1924, gore iro Mutungamiriri weAlbania akava Republic of Albania uye gare gare mu Umambo hweAlbania. Idzi chinjo huru dzakaunzwa nokusagadzikana kwakakomba kwezvamatongerwe enyika uye misiyano yakawanda yamadzinza mukati meBalkan. Ndizvo zvakaitika panguva yekudya Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri Albania yakanga yakatorwa nemauto efascist neNazi kubva kuItaly neGermany.
Asi chaizvo nekuda kwebasa iri nemauto eAxis, akatanga kutonga Enver Hoxha muna 1944, uyo akagadzira People's Socialist Republic yeAlbania. Nyika nokudaro yakazviwana isati yachinja kukuru uye hutongi hwemakomunisiti hwakagara kusvika 1991, gore iro Republic of Albania. Nhasi, Albania inyika yakasimukira, ine mwero wekukura unoshamisa.
Ibania ndeimwe yenyika dzakakurumbira dzichiri kusimukira kuzororo muItari mumakore achangopfuura. Zvikonzero zvakawanda: mitengo yemakwikwi, padyo nenyika yedu yakanaka asi, pamusoro pezvose, zvinoshamisa zvakasikwa, zvenhoroondo uye zvetsika runako. Naizvozvo, a kuenda kuAlbania Yakave imwe yeinonyanya kukumbirwa mumwaka yese, nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze ayo. Munyaya ino, tichaona chii kuona muAlbania, zvekuita muAlbania y mumazuva mangani, kuwana zororo rakakwana kwatiri!