Octopus mhuka dzinoshamisa. Muchinyorwa chino, isu tinoda kujekesa kumwe kusava nechokwadi kwakafanana uye kutaura pane zvimwe zvekuda kuziva, ngano uye chokwadi. Unoziva here kuti octopus ine mwoyo ngani?
Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve octopus, ramba uchiverenga, isu tichajekesa kusava nechokwadi uku uye nezvimwe, nekuti kunyangwe ichiita seyakatorwa kubva mufirimu rekunyepedzera, octopus ine mwoyo unopfuura umwe!
Octopus, mhuka inoita seisinganzwisisike
Mu zoology, octopus ndeye phylum ye mollusks uye kirasi cephalopods. Mukati mekirasi iyi mune octopus, cuttlefish, cuttlefish uye nautilus. Octopus inogona kubva muhukuru kubva 2,5 masendimita kusvika pamamita mazana matatu, nemakumbo akatambanudzwa, uye achiyera kubva 1g kusvika 15kg.
Octopus imhuka isina muzongoza inofananidzwa, kunyangwe ine makumbo masere. Iine zino kana kuti zino pakati pemuviri wayo, iro rinonzi a pico, nokuda kwokufanana kwayo nemiromo yeshiri. Makumbo masere kubva pasi pemusoro wayo.
Imhuka inozivikanwa nehuropi hwayo hukuru, ndiyo hombe uye yakanyanya kuoma pane inozivikanwa invertebrates. Octopus zvakare vane maziso akakura kupfuura avhareji yemhuka zhinji. Iyi ndiyo pfungwa yavanoshandisa zvakanyanya, uye vanokwanisa kusiyanisa polarization yechiedza pakadzika kwemamita. imhuka ine kudzidza kukuru uye kugona kuyeuka. Muchokwadi, inoonekwa seimwe yeakangwara invertebrates inozivikanwa kusvika nhasi.
Octopus ine moyo mingani?
Zvakanaka, kushamisika kwevanhu vazhinji, maoctopus ane mwoyo mitatu izvo zviri mumusoro. Octopus imhuka dzinokurumidza uye dzinogara dzichifamba. Izvi zvinoreva kuti dzinoda mweya wekufema wakawanda kudarika dzimwe mhuka kuti dzipombe ropa mumiviri yadzo yose, ndokusaka dziine moyo mitatu.
Mabasa emoyo mitatu iyi akaoma kunzwisisa. Mwoyo miviri ine mutoro wekutakura ropa re deoxygenated kumagill avo. Uye moyo wechitatu unoushandisa kupomba ropa rine mweya weokisijeni kumuviri wese. Kushandiswa kwemwoyo yayo mitatu kunoita kuti ive yakatsiga uye isingamirire mumvura.
Zvimwe zvekuda kuziva nezve octopus
Kamwe mubvunzo wekuti ingani mwoyo iyo octopus yakajekeswa, isu tichakuudza zvimwe zvekuda kuziva nezve octopus izvo zvisingazokusiye iwe usina hanya paunoverenga.
Iyo huru yekunzwa kugona kweoctopus
Kwemakore, octopus dzakagadzira masimba ekunzwa ane simba. Izvi zvinovabvumira kuziva zviri nani nharaunda yavo uye kudzidza kubva mairi.
Sezvineiwo, pfungwa dzavo dzine simba zvokuti octopus vanogona kuziva nzvimbo yavo chaiyo maererano nenzvimbo yavanenge vari. Pakave nezviitiko zveoctopus muhusungwa kudzidza kuvhura magaba echikafu uye kunyangwe magonhi emvura.
Invertebrate iyi inodya zvakanyanya crustaceans uye molluscs, asiwo hove duku uye zvakaora. Imhuka inogona kuwanikwa chero kupi zvako munyika, kunyanya mumakorari.
Iwo maoctopus: madzimambo ecamouflage munyika yegungwa
Chromatophores. Pigments iripo muganda re octopus.
Octopus imhuka isina hutsinye inofarira kusaonekwa, inosanganiswa nenzvimbo dzayo kana kutiza kubva kune vanoirwisa. Iwe unogona kudzora chitarisiko cheganda rako nekubata mamwe mamhasuru, zvichiita kuti ganda ravo riite serakaoma, izvo zvinowedzera mukana wekubatanidza pamwe chete nenharaunda yavo.
Kana iri ruvara, vane bhegi duku remavara (chromatophores) mune epidermis yavo kuti vanogona kuvhura uye kuvhara pakuda kushandura chimiro chavo uye ruvara. Dai taizopa iyo Oscar mucamouflage, chokwadi octopus yaizokunda.
Chii chinonzi octopus ropa?
Kure nekuita sengano, octopus vane ropa rebhuruu. Mumhuka dzakawanda kwazvo, morekuru rinotakura okisijeni ihemoglobin. Asi mune iyo octopus, iyo hemocyanin Ndiro molecule rinoita basa rekutakura oxygen.
Uye iyi ruvara rwebhuruu rwakakonzerwa nei?
Zvakanaka, zvinoitika kuti kuumbwa kweiyi molecule inotakura ine zvakawanda mhangura, izvo zvinopa ropa rako iro hunhu ruvara rwebhuruu. Zvakare, hemocyanin ine kumwe kushandiswa kwemaoctopus. Chinhu icho inodziirira kunyangwe mumatembiricha emvura ari pasi-zero.
Octopus, kupfimbana uye kuberekana
- Kupfimbana: octopus court kuburikidza nenhevedzano yekufamba kwemuviri, sekunge kwaive kutamba. Vanowanzo shandisa pigment muganda ravo kugadzira iridescent reflections, iyo inoita kuti iwedzere kushamisa uye kuonekwa yakakura, kuitira kukwezva vakadzi. Vanoda zvikuru kana zvasvika pakusarudza wokuroorana naye. Kutaura idi, hono dzinorwa zvakasimba kuti hadzi dzisavata navamwe varume.
- Kubereka: Female octopus kazhinji kukandira mazai kamwe chete muupenyu hwavo. Nekudaro, zvinoita sekunge chokwadi chekuti vanongoberekana kamwe chete chinowanikwawo muvarume. Mahome octopus anowanzofa mukati memavhiki mashoma mukadzi achinge asangana. Tsanangudzo yechikonzero ichi ndeyokuti vakadzi vanodzivirira mazai avo kusvikira vaputika, havawanzoenda kunze kunyange kunodya, saka, vanowanzofa nenzara. Munyaya yevakadzi vakarerwa muutapwa, vanogona kubereka kanopfuura kamwe chete. Nekune rumwe rutivi, varumewo vane upenyu hupfupi nokuti vanopedza simba rakawanda mukupfimbana uye kuberekana nehadzi, kunyange zvazvo zvichida kuti vamwe vararame kwerinopfuura gore.
Locomotor system: Maoctopus anofamba sei?
Nekuda kwematende avo vanogona kufamba mumvura nekumhanya kwakanyanya nenzira ye jet system. Iyo sisitimu yakavakirwa pakubata mvura nekuichengeta mumhasuru dzako. Vanobva vaisunungura nepressure vachigadzirisa kwavanoda kufamba.
Iyi yakanyatsokwenenzverwa jet propulsion system ichangobva kusanganiswa mumabhoti madiki kuitira nyore kufamba.
chepfu octopus
Kazhinji, maoctopus ose anowanzova akawanda kana mashoma ane chepfu, asi blue-ringed octopus inouraya vanhu. Octopus iyi ndeye genus happalochlaena, anogara mu Pacific Ocean, uye ine chepfu huru. Rudzi urwu runochengeta muchetura une simba zvakanyanya mumatumbu ayo, iyo tetrodotoxin. Chinhu ichi chinowanikwa zvakare mu Blowfish.
Muchetura uyu unobaiwa mumunhu anenge abatwa nemazino akaita semuromo weoctopus. Mikana yeiyi octopus inorwisa vanhu yakaderera zvikuru. Iyi genus haiwanzo pfuura 15 masendimita uye unofanira kurangarira izvozvo imhuka inonyara uye haidi vanhu, saka, ichaita chete kana iri mumamiriro ezvinhu ane ngozi.
Hapana mubvunzo kuti octopus mhuka dzinoshamisa chaizvo. Zvinosuruvarisa, iyo kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze inosiya makungwa ari munjodzi huru. Mhuka dzakawanda dzomumvura dziri kupinda mundandanda yezvipenyu zviri mungozi yokutsakatika, uye nokuda kwavamwe kwatove kunyanyononoka. Tinovimba kuti wafarira chinyorwa ichi chekuti ingani moyo ine octopus uye kuti wakadzidza kumwe kuda kuziva nezve octopus.