Nhoroondo uye hunhu hwamwari Hermes

MuOlympus mumwe wevamwari vane hunyengeri uye vanonyengera, akashanda semutumwa uyezve semushambadzi. Sezvineiwo, uyu hunhu ainakidzwa nemapranks, zvekuti nehuchenjeri hwake chete uye nehungwaru akakwanisa kukunda vavengi vake, uyu mwari hermes. Naizvozvo tinokukoka kuti udzidze zvakawanda pamusoro pauyu mwari wamanomano wechiGiriki.

Mapepa amwari Hermes

Mwari Hemesi akanga ari mutumwa aimhanya zvikuru, mumiriri aivimbwa naye wavamwari vose, uye mutyairi wemimvuri muHadhesi. Aitungamirira kurerwa uye dzidzo yevaduku, uye akakurudzira mitambo yegymnastic uye mitambo yemitambo, iyo magymnasium ose uye zvikoro zvekurwa muGreece zvakashongedzwa nemifananidzo yake.

Zvinonzi ndiye akatanga arufabheti uye akadzidzisa unyanzvi hwokududzira mitauro yokumwe, uye kushandisa kwake zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, ungwaru uye mano ake zvaishamisa zvokuti Zeus aigara achimusarudza somubatsiri wake, paaifamba panyika achiita seanofa. Hermes ainamatwa samwari wokugona kutaura, zvichida nemhaka yokuti pachinzvimbo chake somumiriri, chikwata ichi chakanga chisingakoshi kuti nhaurirano dzaakaronzeswa dzibudirire.

Airangarirwa samwari aipa kukura nebudiriro kumapoka uye, nokuda kweichi chikonzero, vafudzi vaimunamata noruremekedzo chairwo. Kare, kutengeserana kwainyanya kuitwa nokutsinhana mombe. Saka mwari Hermes, samwari wevafudzi, akasvika pakuonekwa semudziviriri wevatengesi uye, sezvo njere uye hunyanzvi huri hunhu hwakakosha mukutenga nekutengesa, aionekwawo semutsigiri wehunyanzvi.

Kutaura zvazviri, pfungwa iyi yakanga yakanyatsodzika midzi mupfungwa dzevanhu vechiGiriki, zvokuti zvaidavirwa nevakawanda kuti aivawo mwari wembavha uye wevanhu vose vanorarama nepfungwa dzavo. Somutsigiri wezvokutengeserana, mwari Hermesi nenzira yomuzvarirwo aifanira kuva mutsigiri wevatano pakati pemarudzi; nokudaro, iye chaizvoizvo ndimwari wavafambi vane chengeteko yaaitungamirira uye akaranga zvakakomba avo vairamba kubatsira mufambi akarasika kana kuti akaneta.

Aivawo muchengeti wemigwagwa nemigwagwa, uye zvidhori zvake zvainzi Herma (izvo zvakanga zviri mbiru dzematombo dzaikwidziridzwa nomusoro waHermesi), zvaiiswa pamharadzano dzenzira uye kazhinji kazhinji mumigwagwa yavose nomunzvimbo. Zvaaiva mwari wemabhizimisi ose aiwana purofiti, ainamatwa somupi wepfuma nerombo rakanaka, uye chero rombo rakanaka raikonzerwa nepesvedzero yake. Akatungamirawo mutambo wedhanzi, uyo anonzi akarairwa naApollo.

Etymology

Zita remwari uyu wechiGiriki rinobva pashoko rokuti "herma", izwi rechiGiriki rinoreva "agglomerate yematombo". Mungano dzechiRoma, mwari ainzi Hermesi ainzi Mercury. Akagamuchirawo mamwe mazita akadai samwari wechiGiriki wesayenzi, migwagwa, gymnastics, kutengeserana, pakati pevamwe.

epithets

Mwari Hermes akapiwa maepithets akawanda muGreece yekare anoreva mabasa ake akawanda. Zvinonyanya kukosha zveizvi epithets zvinoratidzwa pazasi:

• Acacesius - mwari asingagoni kukuvadzwa kana asingakuvadzi.
• Agoraios – of the agora.
• Argiphon - Assassin weArgos, anoyeuka mhedziso yekupedzisira yekusangana kwake nehofori yemaziso mazhinji Argos Panoptes.
• Charidotes - mupi werunako.
• Cillenian- akaberekerwa paGomo reCylene.
• Diaktoros - mutumwa.
• Dolios - murongi.
• Diemporos - mwari wekutengeserana.
• Enagonios - kubva kuMitambo yeOlympic.
• Epimelius - muchengeti wemombe.
• Eriounios - muunzi werombo.
• Logios - inoreva kugona kwamwari Hermes semutauri, mwari wekutaura. Ndiani, pamwe chete naAthena, aive chimiro chekudenga chekutaura muGreece yekare.
• Ploutodotes - mupi wehupfumi uye rombo rakanaka.
• Polygius - zvinoreva "kusazivikanwa".
• Psychopompos - mutakuri wemweya.

chitendero che hermes

Hermes airemekedzwa kunenge kwese kwese munyika yeGreek, asi kunyanya muPeloponnese, paGomo reCylene, uye maguta-matunhu akadai seMegalopolis, Korinde, neArgos. Atene yakanga ine chimwe chezvitendero zvekaresa zvamwari, uko mutambo weHermeas kana kuti Hermaia wevana vaduku waiitwa gore negore. Delos, Tanagra, uye Cyclades ndidzo dzimwe nzvimbo uko mwari Hermes ainyanya kufarirwa.

Pakupedzisira, mwari akanga ane nzvimbo tsvene inocherekedzwa paKrete paKato Simi, umo majaya akanga ava kuda kuva vagari vemo vakazara akagoverana mumuitiro wemwedzi miviri umo vakapedza nguva vachisonganirana navarume vakuru mumakomo ari pedyo. Mumwe mutambo weHermaia muKrete wakabvumira varanda kuti vatore kwenguva pfupi basa ravatenzi vavo; zvakare, kubatana kwamwari Hemesi nekuyambuka miganhu yemarudzi ose kunooneka pano.

hanzvadzi sikana

Vafambi vaimuona semuchengeti wavo, uye mbiru dzematombo ( herma ) dzine chiratidzo chephallus dzaiwanzoonekwa dzakaiswa munzira dzekuita sevatungamiri uye kupa rombo rakanaka kune avo vakapfuura. MaHermas akanyanya kuiswa pamiganhu, achirangarira basa ramwari semutumwa pakati pavamwari nevanhu, pamwe nebasa rake semutungamiri wevakafa kune hupenyu hunotevera.

Mukuwedzera, Hermes aionekwa semuchengeti weimba, uye vanhu vaiwanzovaka matombo maduku emarble pamberi pemasuo avo mukukudza kwake.

Temples

Maererano nengano dzechiGiriki, Rikaoni mambo weArkadia ndiye akavaka nheyo dzetemberi yokutanga yainamatwa mwari ainzi Hemesi, achibva kwaakatamira kune dzimwe nharaunda nemaguta akadai seAtene uyezve Girisi yose. achiwedzera nhamba yetemberi pamwe chete, pamwe chete nemufananidzo wake wakaiswa mumifananidzo.

Kunyanya, izvi zvakaitika munzvimbo dzinoonekwa sedzitsvene, uye idzo dzaida kuita chitendero, ndiko kuti, maguta akadai se: Magna Graecia, Arcadia, Samos, Attica neCrete, pakati pevamwe. Zviratidzo zvezvipo zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvipo zvemhiko (zvipo zvakaitirwa vamwari vekare), zvakawanikwa mutemberi dzayo dzakasiyana, kushanda seuchapupu uye nharo kuratidza basa rayo semutungamiri wevechidiki nevakuru.

Avo vaishanyira nzvimbo tsvene idzi vainyanya varwi, vavhimi nemasoja vasati vapfuura nemiedzo yemitambo yekutanga, kuti vakumbire mwari uyu Hermesi nhungamiro nedziviriro. Zvinonzi ndicho chikonzero nei Mwari achiratidzirwa mumizhinji yemifananidzo yake achiri kuyaruka.

Pomacos iri muTanagra yakashandurwa kuita imwe yetemberi yamwari Hermes, iyi yaive pasi pemuti wemashizha estrawberry (muchero), apo dzimwe tsika dzinoratidza kuti mwari akasikwa. Muzvikomo zveFene vaive vakashongedzwa zvitubu zvitatu zvainzi zvinoera nekuti vaifunga kuti vakagezeswa ikoko pavakazvarwa.

zvipo

Mutsika dzechiGiriki chekare, zvibayiro kuna mwari anonzi Hemesi ainyanya kusanganisira kumupa sezvipo: rusenzi, uchi, makeke, nguruve, uye kunyanya makwayana nembudzana. Samwari wokugona kutaura, ndimi dzemhuka dzakabayirwa dzakapiwa kwaari sechinopiwa.

Mhemberero

Mukuremekedza mwari ainzi Hermes, yaipembererwa pamisangano yaizivikanwa seHermaea, uku kwaiva kuyeuka kunokosha kwaiitwa zvibayiro, pamwe chete nemitambo yegymnastics uye mitambo. Mhemberero idzi dzinonzi dzakatanga muzana remakore rechitanhatu BC

Zvisinei, hapana chinyorwa chemutambo uyu kusvika muzana remakore rechina BC. Mitambo iyi inonzi ndiyo iri pedyo zvikuru nekutangwa kwemitambo yose yaisanganisira kuitwa kwemitambo yechiGiriki. Zvikonzero zvinobvira ndezvekuti pamwe yaive yekuti kutora chikamu kwevana vadiki uye vamwe vanhu vakuru kwaive kwakaganhurirwa maererano nemamiriro avo emuviri.

Iconography

Zvinomiririrwa namwari zvave zvakasiyana munguva dzakasiyana dzehupenyu hwake, pamwe nekuita kwemabasa ake akasiyana. Muunyanzvi hwekare pakutanga anoratidzwa semurume ane simba ane ndebvu. Sezvo akadaro, anowanikwa pamavhasi echiGiriki, akapfeka jasi remufambi (chamlys) uye akapfeka chivharo chemufambi (petasos) uye mabhoti ematehwe ane mapapiro (pteroeis pedila), uye akabata mumaoko ake tsvimbo (kerykeion, Latin: caduceus).

Dzimwe nguva anopfeka shangu dzine mapapiro kana ngowani ine mapapiro. Gare gare anozofananidzwa sejaya risina ndebvu, rine simba uye rakangwara uye rine mutsa. Yakakurumbira chivezwa chePraxiteles, chinoratidza mwari Hermes aine mwana Dionysus (zana ramakore rechina BC) naHermes vakazorora, chifananidzo chebhuronzi chinobva kuHerculaneum, apo mwari anozorora padombo asina kupfeka aine mapapiro chete mumaoko ake.

Sezvo psychopomp inoonekwa mune dzakawanda cenotaphs, pakati peiyo yakakurumbira zororo muVilla Albani muRome inoratidza kupatsanurwa kwaOrpheus naEurydice, pano mwari Hermes anopfeka zvipfeko zvekufambisa uye ngowani yake yakaturika pamutsipa wake. Dzimwe nguva anoratidzwa semufudzi akatakura gondohwe, kana samwari wezvokutengeserana akatakura chikwama, semuenzaniso Hermes paCapitol.

Kuzvarwa, hudiki uye hudiki

Hermesi akanga ari mwana waZeus naMaya, wekutanga uye akanaka kwazvo we7 Pleiades zvizvarwa zveTitan Atlas, uye kuberekwa kwake kwakaitika mubako paGomo reCilene muArcadia. Somwana mucheche, akaratidza unyanzvi hunoshamisa hwemanomano nekunyepedzera; chokwadi aive mbavha kubva pamwana, kubva maawa mashoma mushure mekuzvarwa kwake maererano nenyaya tinomuwana achinyangira achibuda mubako maakaberekerwa, kuti aba dzimwe mombe kubva kumukoma wake Apollo uyo aifudza mapoka emombe. Admetus.

Asi akanga asati aenda kure murwendo rwake paakawana kamba yaakauraya uye akatambanudzira tambo nomwe pamusoro pedeko risina chinhu akagadzira mbira, iyo yaakabva atanga kuridza nehunyanzvi hwekudadisa. Paakanga apedza kunakidzwa nemudziyo uyu, akachiisa mubeche rake ndokuzosimudzira rwendo rwake kuenda kuPiria uko kwaifura mombe dzaAdmetus.

Hermes anoba chikamu chemombe dzaApollo

Achisvika kwaaienda zuva rodoka, akakwanisa kuparadzanisa mombe makumi mashanu kubva paboka remukoma wake, idzo zvino dzakatungamira pamberi pake, achitora chenjedzo yekufukidza tsoka dzadzo neshangu dzakagadzirwa nemapazi emumirite, kuti dzisaonekwa.

Asi gororo duku harina kucherekedzwa, nokuti umbavha hwakanga hwapupurirwa nomufudzi akwegura ainzi Bato, akanga achifudza makwai aNeleo mambo wePylos (baba vaNestor). Hermes, achitya kuwanikwa, akamupa chiokomuhomwe nemhou yakanakisisa muboka kuti arege kumutengesa, uye Bato akavimbisa kuchengeta chakavanzika. Asi mwari Hermes, ane mano uye asina kutendeseka, akasarudza kuedza kuvimbika kwemufudzi nekunyepedzera kusiya achitora chimiro chaAdmetus, uye ipapo kudzokera kunzvimbo yaakapa murume mukuru mbiri dzenzombe dzake dzakanakisisa kana akazivisa munyori we kuba.

Zano racho rakabudirira, nokuti mufudzi ane makaro aisakwanisa kudzivisa chirauro chinoedza akapa mashoko aidiwa ayo Hermes akashandisa simba rake roumwari paari akamushandura kuva dombo rokunzvera sechirango nokuda kwokutengesa kwake namakaro.

Apollo anoona Hermes

Zvino mwari Hermes akauraya nzombe mbiri dzaakabayira iye nevamwe vamwari, achiviga dzimwe dzose mubani. Akabva anyatsodzima moto, uye mushure mokukanda shangu dzake dzedavi murwizi rwaArifiyosi, akadzokera kuCylene. Mushure maizvozvi, Apollo kuburikidza nesimba rake rekuona zvose nokukurumidza anoona kuti ndiani akanga amubira uye anosarudza kumhanyira kuCylene, kwaakakumbira kudzorerwa kwepfuma yake.

Achinyunyuta kuna Maya pamusoro pemaitiro emwanakomana wake akanongedza mwana asina mhosva uyo akanga akarara sezviri pachena akabatwa nehope mumubhedha wake, apo Apollo nehasha akamutsa mufeki wehope ndokumupomera kuba; asi mukomana akaramba achiziva zvose nezvazvo, uye akaita basa rake nehungwaru zvekuti akatombobvunza nemutowo wekusaziva kuti mombe imhuka rudzii.

Herme anopomerwa pamberi paZeus naApollo

Apollo akatyisidzira kuti aizomukanda muTartaro kana akasareurura chokwadi, asi zvose hazvina zvazvakabatsira. Pakupedzisira, akatora mwana mumaoko ake ndokumuunza pamberi pababa vake vakanga vagara mukamuri yedare ravamwari. Zeus akateerera kupomerwa kwakaitwa naApollo ndokubva abvunza Hermes zvakasimba kuti ataure kwaakanga aviga mombe.

Mukomana, achiri akaputirwa nemicheka, akatarisa mudenga pachiso chababa vake noushingi ndokuti, “Zvino, ndingadzinga boka remombe here? Ini, ndakazvarwa nezuro uye tsoka dzangu dzakakurisa. Kupfava uye kukwezva kutsika panzvimbo dzakashata? Kusvika panguva iyi, ndakarara zvakanaka muchipfuva chaamai vangu uye handina kumbobvira ndayambuka chikumbaridzo chetaigara. Imi munonyatsoziva kuti handina mhosva, asi kana muchida henyu, ndichazvisimbisa nemhiko dzakasimba kwazvo.”

Sezvo mukomana akamira pamberi pake achitarisa mufananidzo wekusava nemhosva, Zeus aisagona kuita kunze kwekunyemwerera pahuchenjeri hwake uye nemanomano, asi, achiziva zvakakwana mhosva yake, akamuraira kuti atungamirire Apollo kubako kwaakanga aviga boka. Mwari Hermes, achiona kuti humwe unyengeri hwakanga husina maturo, akateerera pasina kuzengurira. Asi apo mufudzi woumwari akanga odokudzinga mombe dzake kuPiria, Hermes, sokunge kuti netsaona, akabata tambo dzembira yake.

Apollo naHermes vanova shamwari dzakanaka

Kusvikira panguva iyoyo Apollo akanga asina chaakanzwa kunze kwomumhanzi wembira wake amene une tambo nhatu nesirinji, kana kuti nyere yaPan, uye sezvaaiteerera achifara kumhando dzinofadza dzeichi chiridzwa chitsva chaaida kuva nacho chakava chikuru kwazvo zvokuti akafara nacho. kupa nzombe mukudzoka uye achivimbisa panguva imwe chete kupa Hemesi utongi hwakakwana pamakwai nemombe, pamwe chete napamusoro pemabhiza nemhuka dzose dzesango nemasango.

Chikumbiro chacho chakagamuchirwa uye nokudaro kuyanana pakati pehama kwakaitika, iyi ndiyo nzira iyo mwari Hermes akashandurwa kubva zvino kuva mwari wavafudzi, nepo Apollo akazvipira nechido kuunyanzvi hwemimhanzi. Vakabva vaenda pamwe chete kuOlympus, apo Apollo akazivisa Hermes seshamwari yake yakasarudzwa uye shamwari, uye akaita kuti apike neStyx, kuti haazombobi mbira kana uta, kana kupinda munzvimbo yake tsvene kuDelphi, akamupa Caduceus kana tsvimbo yegoridhe.

Iyi wand yakanga yakashongedzwa korona nemapapiro uye pakuiisa kuna Hermes, Apollo akamuudza kuti yakanga ine simba rekubatanidza murudo vanhu vose vakaparadzaniswa neruvengo. Achida kuedza kuti zvakataurwa izvi ndezvechokwadi here, mwari ainzi Hermesi akamukandira pakati penyoka mbiri dzairwa pashure pacho varwi vakanga vakashatirwa vakambundirana vachimbundirana norudo uye vakambundirana nomudonzvo, vakaramba vakanamatira pairi zvachose.

Hermes anogadzwa Herald uye mutyairi wemumvuri

Tsvimbo pachayo yaimiririra simba, uchenjeri hwenyoka, uye hofisi yemapapiro, unhu hwose hunoratidza mumiririri aivimbwa naye. Mwari muduku zvino akapiwa nababa vake nenguwani yesirivha ine mapapiro ( Petasus ), uyewo ane mapapiro esirivha etsoka dzake ( Talaria ), uye pakarepo akagadzwa kuti ave muzivisi wavamwari nomuitisi wemimvuri yeHadhesi, hofisi iyo kusvikira panguva iyoyo. ipapo rakanga razadzwa naizvozvi.

Semutumwa wavamwari, tinomuwana achishandiswa panguva dzose zvinoda unyanzvi hunokosha, unyanzvi, kana kuti kukurumidza. Nokudaro anotungamirira Hera, Athena naAphrodite kuParis, anotungamirira Priam kuAchilles kuti akumbire muviri waHector, anosunga Prometheus kuGomo reCaucasus, anochengetedza Ixion kune gumbo rinotenderera risingagumi, anoparadza Argos, muchengeti wezana remaziso. Io, pakati pevamwe.

Semutyairi wemimvuri, Hermes aigara achikumbirwa nevanofa kuti avape nzira yakachengeteka uye inokurumidza kuyambuka Styx. Aivawo nesimba rokudzosa midzimu yakafa kunyika yokumusoro uye nokudaro akanga ari murevereri pakati pevapenyu nevakafa.

Consorts nevana

Pasinei nenzvimbo yake duku muboka rakanga rasara rengano, mwari anonzi Hermesi ainzi akabereka vana vakawanda, kuburikidza noukama hwaMwari nevanhu. Vamwe vevana ava vanosanganisira:

• Hermaphrodite, mwanakomana asingafi waHermes kuburikidza naAphrodite akazova hermaphrodite apo vamwari vakanyatsopa nymph chishuwo chaSalmacis chekuti vasambofa vakaparadzana.
• Priapus, mumwe mwanakomana wemubatanidzwa pakati paHermesi naAphrodite, aive mwari wekubereka.
• Tyche, mwarikadzi wemhanza, pane dzimwe nguva ainzi aiva mwanasikana waHermesi naAphrodite.
• Abdero mwanakomana wechidiki anofa wamwari Hermes akamedzwa neMares eDiomedes.
• Autolycus, muchinda wemakororo, akanga ari mwanakomana waHerimesi, naQuíone, mukunda waDhadherioni; uye gare gare sekuru vaUlysses.
• Pan, satyr mwari we "mafuro uye kubereka", mwanakomana wamwari Hermes naDryope kana Penelope.

Mabheji uye hunhu hwamwari Hermes

Pakati pezviratidzo neunhu hwamwari Hermes tinogona kunyanya kuwana zviratidzo zvake zvakakurumbira zvakadai seHerald rod, miti yakasiyana-siyana, pamwe chete nemhuka dzinoyera dzakasiyana-siyana dzinosunga mwari nevabatsiri vake vamwari. Kunyanya izvi ndezvi:

• Flip flops: Dzakanga dzakanaka uye dzendarama dzakatakura mwari munyika negungwa nokumhanya kwemhepo; asi Homer haatauri kuti ava vakapiwa mapapiro. Unyanzvi hwepurasitiki, kune rumwe rutivi, hwaida chimwe chiratidzo chekunze kuratidza unhu uhwu hweshangu dzamwari, uye naizvozvo akaumba mapapiro pamakumbo ake ayo anonzi ptenopedilos kana alipes.
• ngowani ine mapapiro: Hermes aishandisa ngowani yemufambi ine muromo wakafara kana kuti ine mapapiro. Yekutanga yainzi Cap yeAidoneus (Isingaonekwi) nekuti yakapa mupfeki simba rekusaonekwa.

• Herald's Rod: Mwari aigara akatakura "kerykeion" yegoridhe kana tsvimbo yeherald sechiratidzo mubasa rake semutumwa wevanamwari, iyo yaishandiswawo kurara. Munguva dzapashure, yakanga yakashongedzwa nemapapiro maviri, kuratidza kuti mutumwa wavamwari akafamba nokukurumidza sei kubva panzvimbo nenzvimbo.
• maribhoni machena: ava ndivo vakatanga vakakomberedza tsvimbo yeherald, vakashandurwa nevanyori vanotevera kuva nyoka mbiri, maererano nenyaya, kunyange zvazvo vekare vakatsanangura ivo, zvichida nekuvatsvaga kune chimwe chiitiko chemwari, kana kuti kuvaona sekufananidzira. zvinomiririra kungwara, hupenyu hwese. , utano nezvimwe zvakadaro.
• Hermes Blade: Hermes aigara aine goridhe kana kuti adamantine blade.
• nyere dzevafudzi: mwari Hermes akasika mapaipi emufudzi aakachinjana naApollo, mwari wenziyo, kune dzimwe ropafadzo. Zvisinei, mwari akaramba achiridza chiridzwa ichi chine tsvina.
• Ganado: Uyu mwari akawana boka remombe dzoumwari kubva kuna Apollo, dzaaifudza mumafuro matsvene eMount Olympus.
• Hare: mhuka diki iyi yaive inoera kuna Hermesi nekuda kwekuwanda kwayo. Nokudaro, akaisa mhuka pakati penyeredzi seboka renyeredzi reLepus.

• Hawk: Iyi yakanga iri shiri tsvene kuna mwari Hermes, sezvo achishandisa masimba ake akashandura vanhu vaviri, Hierax naDaidalon, kuva rudzi urwu rweshiri.
• Tortuga: Zvakaenzana zvitsvene kuna Hermes, sezvo mwari uyu akachinja chimiro chemuviri cheQuelona nymph nekumushandura kuita torto uye akasikawo mbira yekutanga ine carapace yemhuka iyi.
• Ruva recrocus: rudzi urwu rweruva rwakakohwewa mumakomo, rwakakumikidzwa kuna mwari Hemesi; Paiva nekutenda kuti mwari akaita kuti muti uyu ukure kubva muropa remudiwa wake Crocus.
• sitirobheri muti: sitirobheri muti waionekwa seutsvene kuna Hermesi, nokuti zvakanzi mwari munguva yehuduku hwake akayamwa pasi pematavi emuti wakadaro.
• oreiades: idzi ndidzo nhunzva dzemumakomo, dzainzi vabatsiri vaHermesi munzvimbo dzemusango dzeArkadia.

• chingwa nezvingwa: Pani akanga ari mumwe wavanakomana vamwari ainzi Hermesi, akanga achinziwo mwari wemapoka embudzi; uyezve, kwaiva nevaPane, rudzi rwaiva nechimiro chechimiro chemakumbo embudzi mumunhu mumwe nomumwe, ava pamwe chete nevokutanga vaiva vateveri nevabatsiri vamwari Hemesi mumakomo eArikadhiya.
• satyrs: Iyi yaiva mweya yembereko yemusango, iyo yaiwanzobatanidzwa neHermesi.
• Oneiroi: vakanga vari mweya yevabatsiri vezviroto vaHermes Khthonios (wenyika yepasi), akavatungamirira kubva muumambo hwake hwepasi kusvika kune pfungwa dzevarume vakarara.

mungano

Mwari Hermes anoonekwa mune dzakasiyana siyana dzengano dzechiGiriki, kutaridzika kwake kwakanyanya ndeaya ataurwa pazasi:

Iyo Iliad

Hermes nhamba muTrojan War yakataurwa naHomer muIliad. Kunyange zvazvo mune imwe ndima yakareba achiita semupi wezano uye mutungamiri kuna mambo weTrojan Priam mukuedza kwake kudzorera mutumbi wemwanakomana wake akawira pasi Hector, Hermes anotsigira chaizvo vaAchaeans muTrojan War. Homer anowanzo kutsanangura mwari se "Hermes mutungamiri, muurayi weArgos" uye "Hermes rudzi."

Odyssey

MuThe Odyssey, Hermes anoendesa mameseji maviri akaparadzana panguva yerwendo rwaOdysseus kuti asvike kumba akachengeteka. Mharidzo yekutanga inobva kuna Hermes kuenda kuOdysseus, apo mwari Hermes anoudza Odysseus kuti anogona kuzvidzivirira kubva pakukwanisa kwaCirce kumuita mhuka kuburikidza nekutsenga mushonga wemashiripiti. Odysseus anotevera zano raHermes uye haawire munjodzi yekushandurwa kuita mhuka neCirce.

Hermes yechipiri meseji panguva yerwendo rwaOdysseus kumusha ishoko kuCalypso. Hermes anoudza Calypso kuti Zeus akamurayira kuti asunungure Odysseus kubva pachitsuwa chake kuti aenderere mberi nerwendo rwake rwokudzokera kumusha.

Argus Panoptes

Hera akapotsa awana murume wake Zeus mune flagrante delicto ane nymph Io, asi Zeus akakurumidza kushandura Io kuita tsiru jena rakanaka. Zvisinei, Hera haana kunyengedzwa uye akakumbira tsiru sechipo, uye zvechokwadi Zeus aisagona kuramba. Hera akabva agadza Argos Panoptes semufudzi wetsiru, achidzivirira Zeus kushanyira nymph kana kushandura musana wake kuita nymph fomu. Nokudaro, Io akasungirirwa kumuorivhi musango dzvene nehofori.

Basa raHera reArgos Panoptes ndiro raizounza rufu kuhofori yose inoona, sezvo kutambura kwaIo pakupedzisira kwakamanikidza Zeus kununura mudiwa wake. Zeusi akapa mwanakomana wake ainyanya kufarira asingafi, mwari anonzi Hemesi, kuti aponese uye kuti aporese Io. Kunyange zvazvo akanga akachenjera, ane mano uye mbavha, Hermes aisagona kungoba tsiru, nokuti Argos Panoptes aikwanisa kuona zvose zvaiitika pedyo naye. Ipapo, mwari Hemesi akazvishandura amene somufudzi ndokuenda kunogara pedyo nehofori mumumvuri.

Hermes anenge achangotanga kutaura nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana pamusoro pevanamwari veOlympus, achiridza mimhanzi inozorodza panyere dzake dzetsanga. Zuva rakafambira mberi, uye mumhanzi wakapfava wakaita ziso rimwe pashure perimwe sezvo hope dzakatora Argos Panoptes aigara akamuka. Pakupedzisira, maziso ose aArgos akavhara asati arohwa naHermes, kana kuuraya hofori nedombo kana kugura musoro wake.

Mudiwa waZeus Io akanga zvino asununguka, asi dambudziko rake rakanga risati rapera nokuti Hermes akanga asingagoni kushandura Io kuti adzokere muchimiro chake chenymph, naizvozvo Io akadzungaira nenyika setsiru kusvikira pakupedzisira awana nzvimbo tsvene muEgipita. Mushure mekufa kwemumwe wevaranda vake vaaida, Hera akatora maziso emushakabvu Argos Panoptes ndokuaisa paminhenga yeshiri yake inoera, pikoko.

naPerseus

Apo Polydectes akarayira Perseus kuti atore musoro waMedusa, Hermes akapa Perseus shangu dzake dzine mapapiro. Idzi shangu dzine mapapiro dzakabatsira Perseus kutiza mubako raMedusa paakamugura musoro. Izvi zvakachengeta Perseus ari mupenyu, sezvo zvakadzivirira hanzvadzi dzaMedusa kuti dzisvike kuPerseus ndokumuuraya.

Prometeo

Mungano yaPrometheus, mwari ainzi Hermesi anoratidzwa, Zeus paanomupa basa rokunyengetedza Prometheus kuti abudise zvakasimba uprofita hwekuguma kwebasa raZeus. Anoziva kuti uyu ndiye chete anogona kumutsanangurira, asi anoramba uye anoratidza Hermesi kuti anosarudza kusafara pane kuva muranda waZeusi saiye.

Hermes anomuudza kuti kana akaramba kutaura uprofita hwacho, Zeus achamutsa dutu richaita kuti musoro wegomo raari pasi uwire pamusoro pake uye gora richauya zuva nezuva kuzodya chiropa chake, kwairi Prometheus. anomuudza kuti haana chinangwa chokubvuma uye kuti aitoziva zvose zvaakamuudza.

Herse, Aglaurus uye Pandrosus

Zvinonzi Hermes rimwe zuva akanga achibhururuka pamusoro peAtene, apo, achitarira kuguta, akaona vasikana vanoverengeka vachidzoka vari mudungwe wakakomba vachibva kutembere yePallas-Athena. Akanyanya kukosha pavari aive Herse, mwanasikana akanaka waMambo Cecrops, uye mwari Hermes akaororwa kwazvo nerunako rwake rwakanyanyisa zvekuti akafunga kutsvaga sumo naye. Nokudaro, akazviratidza paimba yamambo uye akakumbira hanzvadzi yake Agraulo kuti afarire sutu yake; asi, ane mweya wakaora, akaramba kuita izvozvo pasina muripo wemari yakawanda.

Hazvina kutora nguva kuti mutumwa wavamwari awane nzira yokuzadzikisa mugariro uyu, uye nokukurumidza akadzoka nebhegi rakanga rakazara. Asi panguva iyi Athena, kuti arange kukara kwaAgraulo, akanga aita kuti dhimoni reshanje rimubate, uye mugumisiro wacho waiva wokuti akanga asingakwanisi kufungisisa nezvemufaro wehanzvadzi yake, saka akagara pamberi pemukova uye akaramba zvakasimba.

Ndiani akaedza kunyengetedza uye kubata kumeso kwaaigona naye, asi aive akaomesa musoro. Pakupedzisira, kushivirira kwake kwakapera, akamushandura kuita dombo dema uye akabvisa chipingamupinyi kune chido chake, akabudirira mukunyengetedza Herse kuti ave mudzimai wake.

Dzimwe nyaya

Vadetembi vanotaura nyaya dzinosetsa dzakawanda dzemanomano epwere aishandiswa namwari uyu anoda zvakaipa pane vamwe vasingafi. Pakati pavo:

• Akanga ane hushingi hwekubvisa musoro waMedusa kubva panhovo yaAthena, iyo yaakaisa achitamba pamusana waHephaestus.
• Akabawo bhandi raAphrodite.
• Akatorera Atemisi miseve yake naAresi pfumo rake.

Zviito izvi zvaigaroitwa nounyanzvi hwakaisvonaka hwakadaro, hwakabatanidzwa nokusekesa kwakanaka kwakadaro, zvokuti kunyange vamwari navamwarikadzi vaainyandura nokudaro vakanga vachidisa kumukanganwira, uye akava mudikanwi wavose pakati pavo vose.

Dzimwe nyaya dzinonakidza dzakaenzana apo mwari Hermes aivepo, maererano nevanhu vanofa kana demigods, vanonzi:

• Akamboita semutengesi wevaranda ndokutengesa gamba rinonzi Heracles, kana kuti Hercules, kuna mambokadzi weLydia.
• Akabatsirawo Heracles kubata imbwa ine misoro mitatu Cerberus kubva ku Underworld.
• Aigara aine basa rekununura nekuchengeta vacheche vakadai saDionysus, Arcas, naHelen wekuTroy.
• Akazviita mufambi kuti aedze utiziro hwavanhu.
• Rimwe remabasa ake raive rekutsvaga Persephone yamwari weHadhesi munyika yepasi.

hermes mune art

Mune classical uye archaic art yeGreece yekare, Hermes anomiririrwa sejaya risina ndebvu, ane chipfuva chakafara uye anoyevedza asi ane tsandanyama nhengo; chiso chakanaka uye chine hungwaru, uye nyemwerero inoshamwaridzana yetsitsi inotamba pamiromo yakatsetseka.

Semutumwa wevamwari, anotakura Petasus neTalaria, uye anotakura muruoko rwake Caduceus kana tsvimbo yeherald. Samwari wokugona kutaura, anowanzoratidzirwa cheni dzendarama dzakarembera pamiromo yake, nepo somutsigiri wevatengesi, anotakura bhegi muruoko rwake; uye pazvidhori zvake dzimwe nguva aiperekedzwawo nembira.

Anogona zvakare kutakura gondohwe mukugutsurira kubasa rake semutsigiri wevafudzi, kunyanya muBoeotian neArcadian art. Mukusonganirana kwake nepwere, mwari wacho aiwanzoratidzirwa akabata mucheche Hercules kana kuti Achilles. Panguva imwecheteyo, kushamwaridzana kwake nekutengeserana kunoratidzwa muDelos seals kwaanotakura bhegi.

Zvichida mufananidzo unonyanya kuzivikanwa waHermesi muunyanzvi hwechiGiriki chivezwa chakanakisa chePraxiteles (c. 330 BC) icho chaimbomira mutemberi yaHera paOlympia uye zvino chinogara munzvimbo iyi museum wezvokuchera matongo. Ichi chifananidzo chemarble chamwari Hemesi uye mwana Dionysus chinoratidza jaya rakanaka rakatarisa nemutsa uye rudo pamwana akazorora paruoko rwake, asi zvinosuruvarisa kuti hapana chakasara chemwana kunze kweruoko rwerudyi rwakaiswa paari nerudo. mudziviriri.

Hermes mune yemazuva ano tsika

Nepo Hermes aive asiri iye anonyanya kufarirwa pavamwari nekuda kwemukurumbira wake unoshamisa, iye nemafambisirwo ake ane mukurumbira aigara achionekwa mutsika dzakakurumbira. Mwari Hermes akaonekwa mumifananidzo yakawanda yemazuva ano yengano dzechiGiriki, dzakadai se:

• MuDisney's Hercules (1997), Hermes akafananidzirwa semutumwa wechiGreek anoyevedza anonzvenga kunetsana.
• Hunhu hwake hwakataurwa nemutungamiri wechikwata chaDavid Letterman Paul Schaffer.
• Mumufananidzo wefirimu webhuku raRick Riordan rinonzi Percy Jackson uye Gungwa reMonsters, Nathan Fillion akaridza mwari anonzi Hermes. Mubhaisikopo, akaunzwa zvakare semutakuri (kunyanya kutaura, semukuru wekambani yekutakura mapaketi), aive akapusa uye asingafungidzike, kunyangwe aine chinangwa chakanaka.

Zviridzwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvamwari Hemesi zvaiwanzoshandiswa kureva unhu hwake nemano. Minhenga yake yetemberi ine mapapiro yave yakafanana nekumhanya uye kuvimbika; Iwo anowanzo kuratidzwa mune akasiyana kushambadzira uye logos, senge:

• Goodyear akashandisa chiratidzo ichi kutengesa matayi ayo achimutsa tariro yekumhanya uye kuvimbika.
• Mwari Hermes akashandiswawo sechiratidzo kune akawanda emunyika masevhisi etsamba.

Zvichida inonyanya kuzivikanwa kupfuura dzose, vashandi veHermes, kerikeion kana caduceus, tsvimbo ine mapapiro ine nyoka dzakaputirwa kumativi ose, yakashandiswa sechiratidzo chemishonga uye yakashanda sechiratidzo chekutanga cheAmerican Medical Association. Mucherechedzo wakadaro waingova kumwe kutaura kwaHermesi, uyo akamununura kubva mukurwara kuenda kuutano.

Mercury uye Hermes

Mercury aiva mwari weRoma wekutengeserana uye purofiti. Tinowana kutaurwa nezvetemberi iri kuvakwa kwaari pedyo neCircus Maximus kare AC 495; uye aivewo netemberi nechitubu chinoera pedyo nePorta Capena. Masimba emashiripiti akanzi akaitwa neaya ekupedzisira, uye pamutambo weMercury, waipembererwa muna Chivabvu 25, yaive tsika kuti vatengesi vazvimwase ivo nekutengesa kwavo nemvura tsvene iyi, kuitira kuti vawane mhindu huru kubva mukutengesa kwavo.

Mitambo (vaprista veRoma vane basa rokuita sevachengeti vokutenda kwevoruzhinji) vakaramba kuziva kuzivikanwa kwaMercury naHermesi, uye vakaraira kuti aratidzirwe ane bazi rinoyera sechiratidzo chorugare, panzvimbo paCaduceus. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva akazonyatsobatanidzwa namwari wechiGiriki ainzi Hermesi.

Kana wakawana chinyorwa ichi pamusoro paMwari Hermes chichinakidza, tinokukoka iwe kuti unakidzwe nezvimwe izvi:

• Greek Mythological Zvisikwa
• Medusa muGreek mythology
• Vamwari veOlympus