Kuonekwa uye maitiro eManticore
Kutaurwa kwekutanga kunozivikanwa kwe manticore kwakasiirwa kwatiri nemunyori wenhoroondo wechiGiriki uye chiremba Ctesias, mubasa rake. indica (yakanyorwa muzana remakore rechishanu BC). Nyangwe indica ikozvino yakarasika, vamwe vanyori vanorondedzera zvimedu zvebasa reCtesias, izvo zvinotibvumira kuti tive netsanangudzo yakajeka ye manticore. Achirondedzera izvo Pliny Mukuru anonyora mubhuku rake Natural Nhoroondo:
Ctesias anonyora kuti pakati pevarume vamwe chete ava pane mhuka inonzi Mantichora Une misara mitatu yameno akaita sezinga, chiso nenzeve dzomunhu, nameso akatsvuka. Iro rakatsvuka nemuviri weshumba nemuswe wakagadzirwa nerukato sechinyavada. Inzwi rake rinoyeuchidza kurira kwenyere yakavhenganiswa neiyo yehwamanda uye iye chisikwa chinokurumidza zvikuru uye chinoshuva kunyama yomunhu. (8.75)
Nhoroondo yaPliny yemanticore yakapesvedzera vanyori vakazotevera. Zvaiita sokuti zvaipa chikara ichi chimiro chechokwadi, sezvo Pliny aifungidzirwa, kwemazana emakore anotevera, muzivi mukuru wemhuka seanoshamisa sezvaaishamisa.
Iyo Manticore yaive nemukurumbira nekusiya isina kana tsananguro yemhuka yayo.
Zvaitendwa kuti morphology ye manticore yakabva kune nharaunda yayakagadzira: iyo yakaoma uye yakaoma nyika kubva kumagwenga eIndia neMiddle East. Yaifanira kuva nehasha uye kuva nezvombo zvokushandisa kuti ibate mhuka yayo uye kuti isavhimwa nezvikara. Pakutanga ichivhima mhuka dzakadai senguruve dzomusango nembudzi, manticore yakatanga kukweverwa kumisha nemombe dzayaivhima uye nenzira isingadzivisiki yakatanga kurwisa nokudyisa vanhu, nokudaro ichivamba ngano yayo.
Iyo manticore haina kusiya chero chayabata. Inogona kurwisa munhu pedyo nenzara dzakapinza kana kupfura miseve ine uturu kubva kumuswe wayo wechinyavada kubva kure. Paairidza miseve iyi, muswe waibva warereka kana kurebesa. Munyori weRoma Aelian (175-235 AD) akataura izvozvo "zvese zvainorohwa zvinoiuraya, kunze kwenzou". Nhumbu dzine huturu dzinotsanangurwa dzakakora setambo uye tsoka (30 cm) kureba. Pose paaibudisa ronda, imwe yaikura panzvimbo yayo.
Nechipfuwo ndakange ndisina kukwana
Manticores haana kungogutsa zvishuwo zvavo nekuuraya munhu, ivo vakadzingirira vanhu vazhinji panguva imwe chete, vachinakidzwa nekuvhima zvakanyanya. Nzira yayaifarira kukwezva nokuvhima nayo mhuka yaiva yokuviga mutumbi wayo muuswa, kuitira kuti kana munhu ari kure, aiona musoro womunhu. Vanyengerwa kudaro, vanhu vaizoswedera pedyo nemhashu uye, vasati vaziva zvakanga zvichiitika, vaizorwiswa ndokuurawa. Izvi zvakaratidza kuti manticore aive nehungwaru uye kungwara kwakadii. Kunyange zvazvo pasina mubvunzo vanhu vakanga vari mhuka yaifarira zvikuru, manticore yaivhimawo mhuka, kunze kweshumba, iyo yaisambokwanisa kuikurira.
Kuti vadzivise hukasha hwemanticores, maIndia anonzi akadaro dzaivhima vana vadzo nokuvhuna miswe yadzo. kudzivirira kukura uye kupfura miseve yavo ine muchetura. Manticores aigara mumakomba akadzika maaigona kuvanda kubva kune zvikara uye vanhu.
Mavambo uye zvinobvira tsananguro
Iyo manticore inofungidzirwa kuti ine mabviro ayo muIndia yekare nePersia. Mamwe manyuko anotaura kuti yakatangira mungano dzekare dzePersia, nepo vamwe vachipokanidza kuti chisikwa cheIndia. Maererano naAelian mune yake hunhu hwemhuka, «Ctesias anoti akaona chisikwa chakadaro chichiunzwa kuna mambo wePezhiya sechipo.» (4.21). Vamwe vanyori vanotsigira chirevo ichi, vachiti zvisinei kuti Ctesias akatanga kuona chisikwa muPersia, chakabva kuIndia. Zvichida zvakarurama, naizvozvo, kutaura kuti yakabva muzvinyorwa zvePersia, asi yakazoratidzwa sechisikwa chengano dzechiIndia.
Kunyange zvakadaro Pliny Mukuru akabvuma kuvapo kweiyo manticore sechokwadi, kana zvakadaro zvinoita mune yake Natural History, vamwe vanyori biyake havana kutya kuramba chisikwa chacho sechisina maturo, vachikarakadza kuti Ctesias akaona imwe mhuka. Semuenzaniso, mune yako Tsanangudzo yeGreece, wezvenhau wechiGiriki nenyanzvi yejogirafi Pausanias anoenzanisa manticore nengwe uye anoedza kupa tsananguro ine mufungo yemavambo awo:
Munhoroondo yeCtesias, kuIndia kune chikara chinonzi martichora nemaIndia uye '.munhu anodya' nevaGiriki, asi ndinofunga kuti inoreva ingwe. Iine mitsara mitatu yemazino pane imwe neimwe arch uye stinger kumucheto wemuswe wayo. Anozvidzivirira nemapikisi aya muhondo yepedyo, obva aaregedzera semuseve wemuseve kana uchirwa uri kure. Ndinofunga kuti kunyanya kutya chikara kwaita kuti maIndia ave nemafungiro asiri iwo pamusoro pazvo. (9.21.4)
Flavius Philostratus naAristotle
Muzana remakore rechipiri AD. C., munyori wechiGiriki Flavius Philostratus (c. 170-245 AD) akataura kuti manticore yaive "frottola", kureva mimhanzi yakaipa, isina maturo ( Hupenyu hwaApollonius weTyana , 3.45).
Aristotle (384-322 BC), uyo pamwe naPliny Mukuru aionekwawo sechiremera chikuru mukati meMiddle Ages, akaramba kuvapo kwezvisikwa zvakasanganiswa. Akataura kuti mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadaro dzingadai dzisina kukwanisa kuberekana zvinobudirira. Nekudaro, izvi hazvina kuodza moyo kukwira kwemukurumbira wezvikara zvehybrid zvakaramba zvichionekwa muunyanzvi nemabhuku.
Bartholomew Anglico uye Brunetto Latino
Muzana ramakore rechigumi nematatu, mudzidzi weParisian, Bartholomew Anglico, akaenzanisa manticore nebere ndokuiisa muIndia mune yake De proprietatibus rerum (Nezvekurongeka kwezvinhu) Nyanzvi yekuItaly, Brunetto Latino, akaiisa pamwe chete nezvimwe zvisikwa zvinodya nyama semhumhi nefisi muencyclopedia yake. Livres dou Trésor (bhuku repfuma).
Mazino akakurumbira eManticore uye kufona kusinganzwisisike kwakaita kuti vamwe vanyori vekare uye vemazuva ano vazvienzanise ne african hyena. Nepo muswe wayo wakareba nekumhanya zvairatidza kuti yaitaridzika kunge mbira. Hunhu hwake hunotyisa uye rudo rwenyama yemunhu zvingave zvakangomiririra kutya kwezvisingazivikanwi uye zvechienzi.
Mumiririri
Munguva yeMiddle Ages, iyo manticore yaive yakagadziridzwa mune mhuka dzemhuka. kazhinji aionekwa se kushongedzwa mumakereke ekare, achifananidzira Jeremia, muprofita wechiJudha uyo akanyevera nezvekuparadzwa. Muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, manticores aishandiswawo muheraldry; zvisinei, iyi kombamiro haina kugara kwenguva refu sezvo yaifungwa kuva inomirira uipi, pfungwa yakanga yapararira mukati meMiddle Ages.
Mifananidzo yemanticore inogona kuwanikwa paMepu yeHereford (mepu yepakati yenyika inozivikanwa), iyo inoratidzwa yakatarisana nengwe.
King Arthur
MuRunkelstein Castle (iri muTirol) pane fresco inoratidza mumwe wevarwi vaMambo Arthur vakatarisa manticore uye imwe mhuka (shumba kana ingwe). In nyaya yezvikara zvine makumbo mana NaEdward Topsell (1572-1625), tsananguro ye manticore inoperekedzwa nedanda rehuni uko mazino ayo anotyisa anogona kuoneka zvakajeka.
Munguva yezana remakore rechi336 nerechi323, manticore inotaurwa murudo rwakati wandei pamusoro paAlexander Mukuru (r. XNUMX-XNUMX BC), umo anorwisa uto reMakedhonia nezvimwe zvisikwa zvinotyisa.
Zvakare mumabhuku...
Manticores zvirokwazvo haasi kushayikwa kubva kumabhuku emazuva ano ekufungidzira nemitambo. Iyo manticore inogona kuwanikwa mune yekutanga edition ye Dungeons uye Dragons (1974) uye mumutambo wekutora kadhi Mashiripiti: Kuunganidza (1993).
Mune Rick Riordon bhuku akatevedzana Percy Jackson uye maOlympian Vanamwari, Dr. Thorn, muvengi wegamba Percy Jackson, anogona kushandura kuva manticore akashongedzerwa nemuswe wescorpion. Muhwina weNobel Prize Salman Rushdie anosuma manticore muchitsauko chekutanga chemukurumbira wake Mavhesi aSatani (1988).
Iyo manticore inoonekwawo mune inodiwa zvakanyanya nhevedzano ye Harry Potter naJK Rowling. Poshi Harry Potter uye Musungwa weAzkaban(2004), vatambi vakuru vanoverenga nezve manticore yanga ichiuraya vanhu. Zvichakadaro in Harry Potter uye iyo Goblet yeMoto (2005), Hagrid anoyambuka manticore ane gakanje remoto kugadzira mhuka nyowani inonzi skrewt.
Sezvineiwo, haasi ese manticores ekufungidzira akafananidzirwa sezvikara: mubhuku raE. Nesbit. bhuku remashato, mumwe wemagamba madiki anobatsira anotya uye akapfava manticore kutiza kubva kune mhuka.