Kusiyana pakati peMitosis neMeiosis

Munyika yemajini, maitiro maviri akakosha anomira mukati mekushanda kwakaringana kwezvisikwa zvese zvipenyu, tiri kutaura nezve mitosis uye meiosis.. Maitiro ese ari maviri anga ari chinhu chekudzidza uye kuongororwa kwemakore mazhinji nenyanzvi muchikamu senzira yekunzwisisa zvirinani kuberekana kwesero. Pane pfungwa dzakawanda uye nzira inosiyanisa mitosis uye meiosis.

Mafungiro ese ari maviri akasiyana maitiro kana maitiro ekupatsanurwa kwesero. Nekuda kwezvidzidzo zvakawanda uye mifananidzo ine microscopic yezvikamu zvakasiyana zvakaunganidzwa mune dzakasiyana siyana genetic zvidzidzo, zvave nyore kuwana ruzivo rweizvi biological process. Paunenge uchiverenga bhuku rino, uchaona kusiyana kuri pakati pepfungwa idzi.

Mukati mesero kutenderera, masero eukaryotic anoita dzimwe shanduko dzinovatungamira kuumba masero matsva. Zvose izvi zvinoenderana nerudzi rwesero, iyo inogona kugoverwa nekuita mitosis kana meiosis. Hatisi kuzongoona muchinyorwa chino misiyano yavo mikuru, asi tichatsanangurawo kuti imwe neimwe yemaitirwo acho inei uye kuti ndezvipi zvikamu zvawo.

Chii chinonzi mitosis; tsananguro nezvikamu

Izwi iri rinonzwisiswa kuti biological process ye cell division yakabatana ne somatic cell division. Rudzi urwu rwemasero eukaryotic organism ndeaya asingazofambi nemaitiro ekuve masero epabonde. Mitosis inoguma nemasero maviri akafanana zvachose.

Zvisikwa zvipenyu nekuda kwekuita uku, kuvimbisa kupona kwavo nekuda kwekukura kwakanaka uye kuchengetedza kwemasero avo. Iyi nzira ye cellular mitosis inoitika mumhuka pamwe nezvirimwa, fungi kana tupukanana.

Mitosis inoenderera mberi serura maitiro apo zvinotevera zvikamu zvinoitika, izvo zvatinoratidza nekutsanangura pazasi.

• Interface
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

Chinangwa chekupedzisira che mitosis ndechekuwana masero maviri akafanana ane ruzivo rwakafanana rwemajini.. Ruzivo urwu runofanira kunge rwakafanana nesero re stem pamwe nepakati pavo. Naizvozvo, mitosis inonzwisiswa senzira yekuberekesa asexual, umo chete stem sero rinotora chikamu.

Zvikamu zve mitosis process

Muchikamu chino, tichaona imwe neimwe yefma aces e mitosis atakadoma mune yapfuura poindi kuti tinzwisise zviri nani maitiro aya.

Interface

Ichi chikamu chekutanga nguva inodarika pakati pemitosis miviri kana kupatsanurwa kwesero nucleus. Mukati mechikamu ichi, kudzokororwa kwenhamba yemachromosomes, iyo DNA, inoitika. Imwe neimwe yetambo dzeDNA inoumba kopi chaiyo yeyokutanga. Chinangwa chikuru cheiyi nzira yekukopa ndechekuti sero idzva rega rega rive nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakangofanana nerekutanga.

Prophase

Muchikamu chechipiri ichi, tambo dzeDNA dzatakataura nezvadzo muchimiro, dzinotora chimiro uye dzikamisa, mune yatinodaidza kuti chromosome.. Iwo macentrioles ari muchitokisi, anowanikwa kumativi akapesana uye hurongwa hunotanga umo matete matete anonzi mitotic spindle anoumbwa.

Metaphase

Aya mafilamenti akanaka atakanga tichitaura nezvawo, anonamatira kunharaunda yekromosome ine basa rekubatsira sero mukukamurwa kweDNA. Imwe neimwe yeiyi yakarongwa mumasero equator, imwe neimwe yadzo yakanamatira kukopi yayo.

Anaphase

MaChromosome pairs anopatsanurana oenda kune akatarisana mapango esero, mumwe nomumwe wevanasikana anogara nhaka kopi imwe yechromosome imwe neimwe. Muchikamu ichi, ma chromosomes anosvika padanho repamusoro re condensation.

Telophase

Muchikamu chino chekupedzisira, ma membranes matsva anotanga kuumbwa akatenderedza machromosome padanda rega rega resero. Idzi dzichange dzichipararira nekudzikisira, zvishoma nezvishoma dzichamira kuoneka pasi pemaikorosikopu.

Chii chinonzi meiosis; tsananguro nezvikamu

Meiosis ndiyo nzira yekupatsanurwa kwesero inoguma nemasero mana evanasikana. Ndiko kuti, ndiyo nzira yekuparadzanisa masero, e diploid cell uye mana haploids anowanikwa kubva mairi. Mhedzisiro yezvose izvi masero epabonde, urume muvarume uye mazai muvakadzi.

zvikamu zve meiosis

Sezvo mukuita mitosis, meiosis inoitikawo nhevedzano yezvikamu maererano nekuparadzaniswa kwesero. Zvikamu izvi ndizvo zvauchaona zvinotevera uye zvatichatsanangura gare gare.

• Meiosis II
  • Prophase I
  • Metaphase I
  • Anaphase I
  • Telophase I
• meiosis II
  • Prophase II
  • Metaphase II
  • Anaphase II
  • Telophase II

Kukamukana kuviri kwenyukireya kunoitika, zvikamu sezvawakwanisa kuona zvine zita rakafanana nematanho akaonekwa kare mu mitosis.

Meiosis II

Munguva yekutanga meiotic division, machromosomes anoratidzwa, imwe neimwe yadzo inoumbwa nemakromatiki maviri.

• Prophase I: Muchikamu chekutanga ichi, homologous chromosomes ane hukama uye kuchinjanisa genetic zvinhu.
• Metaphase I: Homologous chromosomes anowanikwa paequator yesero zvakaenzanirana pamutsetse wekufungidzira. Nokudaro, muchikamu chinotevera, mumwe nomumwe anoenda kumativi osero.
• Anaphase I: Munguva iyi yechitatu ye meiosis I, ma chromosome akabatanidzwa kune mitotic spindle anoparadzanisa zvakafanana uye anofamba kusvikira aiswa sezvakaratidzwa muchikamu chakapfuura, kune rimwe rematanda maviri esero.
• Telophase I: Mapoka ehaploid chromosomes anoumbwa pamativi ese esero reamai, uko kune imwe chromosome yemhando imwe neimwe. Machromosomes anopararira, uye anotanga kurongwazve nehamvuropu yenyukireya.

meiosis II

Muchikamu chechipiri ichi, hapana genetic duplication. Chromosomes inoumbwa nemakromatidhi maviri, anoenda kuequator uye anonamatira kune mitotic spindle. Iwo machromatid maviri ane imwe neimwe yekromosomes akaparadzana uye ari pamatanda.

• Prophase II: Zvakare, iyo chromatin inodonhedza uye envelopu yenyukireya inonyangarika.
• Metaphase II: Makromosomes akarongwa mumutsara kuitira kuti imwe neimwe yemakromatidhi inotarisa imwe neimwe yemapuranga emusero.
• Anaphase II: Hanzvadzi chromatids inoparadzana uye inoenda kumatanda echitokisi.
• Theophase II: Muchikamu chino, machromosomes ane chromatid imwe chete uye anowanikwa pamatanda emusero, apo anotanga kurongazve envelopu yakakomberedza mumwe nomumwe wavo.

Pakupera kwechikamu chechipiri ichi, mhedzisiro yekuwana masero mana haploid inofanira kugadzirwa, umo imwe neimwe ine hafu yezvinyorwa zvemajini.

Musiyano Mukuru Pakati peMeiosis uye Mitosis

Kana tangoziva kuti maitiro ese ari maviri anosanganisirei, takakwanisa kuburitsa mimwe misiyano mikuru pakati pematemu maviri aya. Tevere, Tichanyatsoongorora nyaya yacho toratidza nenzira yakajeka kuti dzakasiyana sei.

Musiyano mukuru pakati pezviviri izvi zvinotariswa nebasa rinoitwa nemumwe wavo.. Mu mitosis, kupatsanurwa kwenucleus yechero sero rechinhu chipenyu, nepo nzira ye meiosis, inoitwa chete nemaseru ane chekuita nekuberekana.

Mumwe mutsauko wakakosha pakati pepfungwa mbiri idzi rudzi rwesero, nhamba uye mhando yekromosome kana genetic zvinhu, iyo imwe neimwe yeaya maitiro anoshanda.. Mu mitosis, maitiro acho ndeenguva pfupi apo masero ehaploid ane machromosome asina kubatanidzwa anobatanidzwa. Mu meiosis, maitiro acho akareba uye anosanganisira masero e diploid uye munyaya iyi, makromosomes akabatanidzwa.

Zvinofanirawo kucherechedzwa, kuti Chikamu che mitosis chinongopfuura nechikamu chimwe chete, asi mu meiosis zvikamu zviviri zvakakosha kupatsanurwa kwesero, saka tinogona kuratidza mumwe musiyano pakati pemaitiro maviri aya.

Pakupedzisira taura izvozvo Panewo mutsauko mumhedzisiro yeimwe neimwe yemaitiro.. Mune mitosis mushure mekupatsanurwa kwesero, masero maviri emwanasikana akanyatsofanana genetic anowanikwa semhedzisiro. Mu meiosis, mushure mematanho maviri ekuparadzana, sero rekutanga rinoguma nemasero mana epabonde, rimwe nerimwe rine hafu yenhamba yemakromosome sero yekutanga. Aya masero mana matsva ane ruzivo rwakasiyana rwemajini.

Tinokusiira tafura iri pazasi tichipfupikisa zvikamu zvakakosha zvatakaona mukati mebhuku rino pamaitiro emitosis uye meiosis.

MITOSIS	MEIOSIS
mhando yekubereka kweasexual	rudzi rwekuberekana pabonde
inotanga somatic masero	inotanga masero epabonde
Inogadzira maviri diploid masero	Inogadzira masero mana haploid
Mhedzisiro yemajini akafanana maseru	Mhedzisiro yemajini akasiyana maseru
Kuparadzaniswa kwepakati	Zvikamu zviviri zvemukati
Haisi kuunza genetic variation	Inosuma genetic variation
pfupi nzira	hurongwa hwakareba

Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi, umo takatsanangura zvishoma nezvishoma maitiro e mitosis uye meiosis uye misiyano yavo huru, ichakubatsira iwe kunzwisisa zviri nani kuti izvi zvese zvinosanganisirei.

Zvadaro, kana iwe uchifarira rudzi urwu rwechinyorwa, tinokusiya pano imwe yatinotaura pamusoro pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvesero remhuka uye mabasa ayo makuru.