Ngano nengano dzevanhu dzakaonekwa sechikamu chetsika nezvitendero zvedunhu rega rega ravakasimudzira. Somuenzaniso, Europe ine kana ngano, iyo inotarisa pamusoro pehuwandu hweScandinavia neGermany. Pano iwe uchaziva zvese nezvake.
Norse ngano
Zvinonyanya kufadza zveguta rimwe nerimwe ingano dzaro nengano. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekuti mazhinji acho anotangira masangano kana nyaya dzehunhu hwedzimwe nzvimbo, zviitiko uye kunyange zvinhu. Zvakajairika, kunyanya muEurope, kuisa simbiso chaiyo pazvinhu izvi, sezvakaita ngano dzeNorse.
Zvakare zvine hukama seGerman neScandinavia, ngano dzeNorse dzinosanganisira chitendero, zvitendero uye ngano dzevanhu vekare vari pakati nekuchamhembe kweEurope.
Izvi zvinosanganisirawo yaichimbova Iceland (ikozvino inyika inozvitonga iri pachitsuwa), Britannia (sangano rakapiwa chitsuwa cheGreat Britain), Gaul (nzvimbo iyo Belgium, France, kumadokero kweSwitzerland iko zvino). , kuchamhembe kweItaly, Germany uye Netherlands).
Neiyi nzira, munzvimbo dzose dzadudzwa pamusoro apa ndipo pakatanga iyo yava kunzi ngano dzeNorse.
Nekudaro, kunyangwe ichiumba nyaya dzakagovaniswa nevanhu vekuNorth Germanic, haina kugovaniswa nevanhu veUralic Nordic, kureva, maFinns, Estonians neLapps, kana neBaltic, yakabatanidzwa neLithuanians neLatvians.
Zvimwe zvinhu
Izvi zvinodaro nekuti madzinza aya ane ngano dzawo, dzakafanana nedzevamwe vanhu veIndo-European. Kunyange zvazvo zvokwadi yakapiwa navamwari kuvanhu vanofa isina kurondedzerwa, ngano dzeNorse dzinobatanidzawo nhau dzavanhu vakadzidza nhau dzavamwari, kupfurikidza nokushanya kwavo.
Saizvozvowo, havana bhuku rinoyera, sezvo nyaya dzacho dzakaparadzirwa nemuromo kuburikidza nenhetembo dzakawanda, kunyanya munguva yeViking Age, ichisimbisa Eddas (miunganidzwa yengano) nemamwe magwaro ekare.
Ruzhinji rwenyaya dzengano dzeNorse dzichiripo nhasi, kunyanya kumaruwa. Nepo vamwe vakave neshanduko yeinonzi neopaganism yeGerman, uye vakatove iwo sosi yezvinyorwa zveakasiyana-siyana maaudiovisual zvigadzirwa.
Cosmology
Imwe yeakanyanya hunhu hweNorse mythology ndeyekuti nyika inomiririrwa neflat disc, iri mumapazi eiyo inonzi Yggdrasil world tree, iyo inoumba tsigiro yenyika pfumbamwe.
Nyika dzeNorse mythology
Muti wehupenyu, Yggdrasil, kuburikidza nemidzi yawo uye matavi akaita kuti kugoneke mubatanidzwa wenyika dze:
- Asgard: nyika yeAesir, aine semutongi Odin nemukadzi wake Frigg, yaive yakatenderedza madziro akange asati apera, ayo anonzi asingazivikanwi hrimthurs, muridzi weSvaolifari stallion bhiza, maererano naGylfafinning. Valhalla iri munzvimbo yemukati. Naizvozvo, yaive nzvimbo yakakwirira yedenga kwaigara vanamwari.
- Midgard: Kwaari ndekwaari varume vakabva nevamwari Odin nevanin'ina vake, Vili naVe, mushure mekurwa nehofori yekutanga Ymir.
- Helheim kana Hel: Inonzi nzvimbo yerufu, iri munzvimbo yakadzika uye yakasviba yeNiflheim, imwe nyika yeYggdrasil. Mutongi waro ndimwarikadzi Hera.
- niflheim: Inoumba humambo hwerima nerima, kunyangwe kumativi ayo kune mhute yakawanda. Inogarwa neshato Niohoggr.
- muspelheim: inoumba humambo hwemoto, kunogara maFire Giants, Surt ariye ane simba zvakanyanya. Chirevo chezita chinokonzerwa nechoto chemoto, sezvo Muspel zvichireva moto uye Heim ine hukama nenzvimbo. Vaiiona senzvimbo yakakwirira kupfuura dzose, yaiva pamusoro peAsgard, kwaigara Aesir, uye kumaodzanyemba kwaiva Jotunheim, nzvimbo yeaizi, uye Jotnar.
- Svartalfaheim: Iyo yainziwo Nioavellir, kune avo vanotsanangura kuti mairi maive nerima elves anozivikanwa seSvartalfar, uko mapoka maviri eelves akabva kuAlfheim. Izvo zvakare zvakabatana nehumambo uhu, kuti maNordic dwarves aibva ikoko.
- Alfheim: Iyo inonziwo Ljusalfheim uye yakatorwa imba yemaelves. Kuziva nenzira iyi marudzi maviri eelves, iwo anopenya kana ljósafar, aigara muAlfheim uye nerima kana svartálfar, akawanikwa munzvimbo yemukati yemakomo. Kunyange zvazvo vose vari voukama veropa rinogoverana, ivo vairatidzirwa nokuva nedonzo rakasiana.
- vanaheim: imomo maigara vanaVanir, avo vakanga vari rimwe remapoka evamwari kunze kwevaAesis.
- Jotunheim: dzairangarirwa soumambo hwehofori, umo dzakanga dziri dzamarudzi maviri, Dombo neAizi, inonzi jotnar.
Zvimwe zveNordic cosmogony
Kubva pamudzi wemuti pakabva tsime raizadza tsime rezivo, raichengetwa nehofori yeMímir. Mukuwedzera, pakanga panewo mwari Heimdall, uyo akadzivirira muti kubva pakurwiswa kwaikonzerwa neshato Niohoggr, uyewo kubva munhamba huru yehonye dzaida kufamba nemidzi yawo ndokunyangarika vamwari vaaimiririra.
Zvisinei, yaive nerutsigiro rwevaNorn vaidiridza nemvura yemutsime reUrd. Kutaura idi, rakanga riine bhiriji raibatanidza nenzvimbo yavamwari, Bilfrost, iyo yakayambuka navo kupinda muMidgard. Kuziva zvakare mavambo echisiko chose maererano navaMayans.
Mythological zvisikwa mu cosmogony
Humwe hunhu hukuru hwemuti uyu kubva mungano dzeNorse ndehwekuti waive nehuchi, gondo, tsindi, shato nemhembwe ina. Nokudaro, zvisikwa izvi zvaive zvinotevera:
- Nidhogg: shato yakanga iri mumidzi ndokuitsenga, kuti ikunde gondo.
- Gondo: Yakanga isina zita, yakanga iri pabazu repamusorosoro, uko yaitarira pamusoro penyika dzose dzengano dzeNorse.
- Ona: rukondo rwaive muhuma yegondo, rwuchitarisira kutarisisa mafambiro aro.
- Ratatosk: squirrel yakatama kubva kumidzi kuenda kumukombe, kuunza nhau dzenhema kubva kune dhiragoni kuenda kune gondo, pamwe chete nekupesana, zvichiita kuti pave nekusawirirana pakati pezviviri.
Chimwe chezvakanakisa zveNorse mythology ndechekuti vane mbiri dzakasiyana. Pakati pavo pane izvo zvinoreva masikati neusiku kuburikidza neDagr / Skinfaxi uye Nótt / Hrímfaxi.
Mungano dzeNorse, zuva rinonzi rechikadzi nepo mwedzi uri wechirume, kuburikidza neSól neSkoll, mwedzi nemhumhi ine Maní neHati, pamwe nekusiyana kwehumambo hweNiflheim neMuspelheim, uhwo hwakatanga nyika. Naizvozvo, rinorangarirwa semativi akapesana nokuda kwamatangiro echisiko chapose pose.
Vanamwari vakuru veNorse mythology
Pakati pevamwari vakakurumbira veNorse mythology, ndeiyi:
Dagr
Ndimwari anomiririra zuva, mungano dzeNorse. Inotsanangurwa muPoetic Edda, yakanyorwa kuburikidza nezvinyorwa zvechinyakare, pamwe neiyo Prose Edda. Mariri anorondedzerwa somuzukuru wamwari worubvunzavaeni, Delling, uye mwarikadzi wousiku, Nótt. Izvo zvakare zvine hukama nebhiza rine maneja anopenya kwazvo, anonzi Skinfaxi.
Skinfaxi uye Hrimfaxi
Ndiwo mabhiza eDagr naNótt. Sangano rezvisikwa izvi rine zvarinoreva, manes akajeka uye ane chando. Kana ari Hrimfaxí, akafamba mudenga achishandisa ngoro yaNótt, saka mangwanani mamwe namamwe aimwaya pasi nematope.
Nepo Skinfaxi akafamba nemungoro yaDagr, mudenga masikati, uku manes ake achipa chiedza kupasi nedenga.
not
Ndiyo inomiririra yehusiku mungano dzeNorse. Mwanasikana wehofori Norfi. Sangano rake rinomiririrwa munhetembo dzakasiyana dzePoetic Edda.
munyu
Anozivikanwawo seSunna, ndiye mwarikadzi weZuva, mwanasikana waMundilfari naGlaur. Maererano nengano dzeNorse, akafamba nomumatenga, achishandisa ngoro yaidhonzwa nemabhiza maviri, ayo ainzi Arvask uye Alsvid. Mukufamba kwezuva iro mhumhi Skoll yakamudzingirira, iyo yaida kumudya.
Iyi nyaya inobva mungano yeNorse yaibatanidzwa nokuora kwezuva, sezvo zvaireva kuti Skoll akapotsa asvika kwairi, nokudaro achikonzera mumvuri mupfupi. Kutaura zvazviri, maererano nekuguma, Skoll aizosvika nekumudya, aine mwanasikana wake semutsivi, uyo aitungamirira kutungamirira Zuva.Kuwedzera kune izvozvo, Nyika yakachengetedzwa naSvalin, nhovo iri pakati pake neZuva. kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya. Kunyangwe mune iyi ngano, Zuva harina kupa chiedza, sezvo rakabva kune manes eAlsvid neArvak.
Skol
Yakanga iri mhumhi yaitevera mabhiza Arvak neAlsvid, sezvo yaida kudya. Akanga ari munun’una waHati, uyo akatambudza mwari ainzi Máni, aisonganirana nomwedzi.
Nzungu
KuNordic mythology, yaive inomiririra Mwedzi. Maererano nenhoroondo, aive namwarikadzi Sól sehanzvadzi uye aive wedzinza raMundilfari naGlaur. Kumhanyiswa nemhungu Hati.
Hati
Mhumhi ndiyo yakatandanisa Máni mudenga usiku. Kunyange paaive pedyo naye, aikonzera kuora kwemwedzi. Akanga ari mukoma waSkol. Maererano nenyaya dzengano dzechiNorse, vana vaiita ruzha rwakawanda kuti abve kumwedzi.
mashura
MuNorse mythology, vamwari vanoiswa sezvizvi:
vamwari ve viking
Vanhu veNordic vakarumbidza marudzi maviri evamwari, uko mukuru aive Aesir. Ivava vakanga vari muAsgard, pamwe chete navamwarikadzi veAsynjur, nokudaro vachibatanidza boka rinotungamirirwa naOdin, mwari anorangarirwa soanokosha zvikurusa uye anokudzwa zvikurusa.
Odin
Akanga ari mwari mukuru wengano dzechiNorse uye kunyange wezvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana zveEthenism. Yaionekwa sehumwari hwehuchenjeri, hondo nerufu, pamwe neiyo yemashiripiti, nhetembo, chiporofita, kukunda uye kuvhima. Anogara muAsgard mumuzinda weValaskjálf, akatsanangurwa kwaari, maive nechigaro chake, chainzi Hiloskjálf, maakaona zvakaitika munyika pfumbamwe dzeNorse mythology.
Muhondo, akashandisa pfumo rake, rainzi Gungnir, uye akanga ari pabhiza rake rine makumbo masere, rainzi Sleipnir. Akanga ari mwanakomana waBor uye giantess Bestla, mukoma waVili naVé, murume waFrigg, uye baba vevamwari vakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira Thor, Balder, Vidar, naVáli.
Thor
Zvamazvirokwazvo ukanzwa zita ramwari uyu, unoribatanidza nebhaisikopo rinogamuchira zita rimwe chetero. Izvi zviri mungano dzeNorse mwari wekutinhira, anoratidzwa nekuva nemagirovhosi esimbi, sando yake Mjolnir uye bhandi rine masimba. Saizvozvo, inosanganiswa nesimba uye padanho rehierarchical inoenderana neOdin.
balder
Mungano dzeNorse neGermany, akanga ari mwari worugare, chiedza, uye kukanganwira. Uyewo mwanakomana waOdin. Zvaibatanidzwawo nerunako nenjere.
Mutongi
Inofungidzirwa semwari weushingi nehondo, uyo akabayira ruoko rwake kuitira kuti vamwe vamwari vasunge mhumhi Fenrir, iyo yaakarondedzerwa seMunhu-Mumwe-Handed Man. Anomiririrwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana, kuMukuru Edda, muzukuru wehofori Ymir naFrilla, nepo muLesser Edda achinzi mwanakomana waOdin naFrigg.
Bragie
Anoonekwa samwari wenhetembo uye maBards. Mwanakomana waOdin, uyo aive mudetembi wega, uye hofori Gunlod. Akanga ari weboka reAesir nehuchenjeri hukuru. Zvinonzi kwaari ndiye akatanga kuita nhetembo, akamira munzvimbo iyoyo, saka vanhu vakamira munhetembo vainzi Bragi.
Nenzira yakafanana, anozivikanwa samwari wendebvu dzakashama, pamwe chete neuyo anotarisira muValhalla, kuti ape chinwiwa chinogamuchirwa kuna avo vakanga vachangosvika ndokuvagamuchira namashoko oruremekedzo, apo iye aivaraidza kupfurikidza nokudzokorora. ndima dzake.
Aive murume waIdun, aive mumwe wevamwarikadzi vakatanhamara vengano dzeNorse, nekuti aive neanonzi maapuro ehudiki, akakosha kune nyika yeAsgard, nekuti Aesir akavadya kuti varambe vari vadiki.
Heimdall
Achitorwa semwari anochengeta wengano dzeNorse, Heim ane hukama nemba uye Dallr asingazivikanwe. Muzukuru waOdin nevakadzi vapfumbamwe hofori vakamurera nokumupa ropa renguruve. Aizivikanwa nokuva nemaziso akapinza, kunzwa zvakanaka uye kugara akamuka kwemazuva.
Akarondedzerwa samwari ane nzwisiso inoshamisa, sezvo akateerera apo uswa hwakakura, izvo zvakaita kuti agadzwe semudziviriri weAsgard neBifrost, uyo waiva muraraungu wakaumba zambuko pakati penzvimbo dzose dziri mbiri.
Mukuwedzera, akanga ane runyanga, rainzi Gjallarhorn, iro Odin akamupa, kuti anyevere kurwisana pakati pevamwari nehofori, mushure mekuguma kwenyika, Ragnarok. Maererano netsika yeNorse mythology, akaburukira kuPasi uye akabereka mitsara mitatu muvakadzi vatatu, ava vari machinda, vanhu uye vashandi.
hoor
Akanga ari mwari bofu kubva kuNorse mythology uye mukoma waBaldr. Ndiye iye akauraya munun'una wake asingazivi uye akaurayiwa naVali, muzukuru waOdin. Nyaya iri muEddas inotsanangura kuti Baldr, aine hope dzinotyisa, aive neshura nezverufu rwake uye nerwaamai vake, mwarikadzi Frigg, avo vakatama kuti vapike zvinhu zvese kuti hapana chavangazoita kumwanakomana wavo. .
Zvisinei, mwari Loki, uyo aisakwanisa kumira Balder's ego uye kusagadzikana, paakaziva, akagumbuka saka akazvishandura ndokutaura naFrigg, uyo akamuudza kuti haana kufunga kuti mistletoe apike, sezvo yakanga isingakuvadzi.
Nokudaro, paakawana ruzivo irworwo, akagadzira dart achishandisa bazi remistletoe uye akarayira Hoor kuti aikande achiseka, izvo zvakazoita kuti auraye Baldr. Maererano neimwe shanduro yenhoroondo iyi kubva kuNorse mythology, Loki haana kutsanangurwa, sezvo Baldr chete anonzi akafira Hoor ane ronda rekubaya.
Odin akaranga Loki nekusunga matombo matatu kwaari uye kuita kuti nyoka isvipire uturu pachiso chake kune dzimwe nguva, izvo zvakaita kuti arwadziwe zvikuru uye akapedzisira akanganisa chiso chake. Kusanganawo ne mwari jupiter.
Vidarr
Uyewo mwanakomana waOdin uye giantess Grior. Anoonekwa samwari wekunyarara, kutsiva uye kururamisira. Maererano nenyaya yenyika yakazvarwa patsva inobuda mushure meRagnarok (hondo yekuguma kwenyika), Vidarr aizodzoka nemukoma wake Vali.
Mukati meRagnarok, Odin inopedzwa nemhumhi Fenrir, saka Vidar kutsiva inouraya mhuka. Maererano nedzimwe nhoroondo, akauraya Fenrir paakatsika shaya yake netsoka yake, sezvo shangu yacho yakanga yakagadzirwa netambo dzeganda, umo varume vaitevera Aesis, vakazarura shangu munzvimbo yeminwe uye. zvitsitsinho kuva nezvakawanda.simba.
Akaita kuti tsoka yake igare mushaya yemhumhi, akaitsemura nepakati. Zvisinei, imwe nhoroondo inorondedzera kuti akashandisa bakatwa rake kumuuraya nokubaya nemwoyo. Zvakare, mwari uyu anonzi mwanakomana akanyarara waOdin uye akanakisa pakugadzirisa matambudziko.
Ok
Mwanakomana waOdin uye giantess Rind. Izvo zvinotaurwa pamberi pehondo yeRagnarok, yanga isiri mwari anozivikanwa, sezvo yakabva kune skalds (Viking warrior poets). Anotsanangurwa seiye akaenda kunotsiva paHoor nekumuisa pamusoro pemoto wemoto, nekuti akauraya Baldr.
Zvisinei, airangarirwa samwari wechiedza chisingagumi, kutaura idi nemhaka yokuti mwaranzi yechiedza yainzi miseve, iye aimiririrwa kana kuti kuremekedzwa somupfuri.
Kunyangwe mwedzi wayo mukarenda yeNorway inomiririrwa nechiratidzo cheuta uye inopiwa zita rekuti Liosberi, mutakuri wechiedza, nekuti inowira pakati pemwedzi waNdira naKukadzi. Pamusoro pezvo, maKristu ekutanga akapa mwedzi waKukadzi kuna Mutsvene Valentine uyo aive mupfuri uye, saVali, aimiririra mazuva akajeka, akamutsa manzwiro erudo uye akadzivirirwa vadikani.
ull
Decendant of Sif uye zvakare akarera mwanakomana waThor. Maererano nenhoroondo dzeNorse mythology, akanga ari mwari mukuru muprehistory, uyo anotaurwa mumagwaro kubva kuProse Edda uye Poetic Edda. Anozivikanwawo samwari wekurwa kwepedyo.
Forseti
Anoonekwa samwari weruramisiro, rugare uye chokwadi cheNorse mythology. Dzinza raBaldr naNanna. Aigara muGlinir, iyo yakanga ine hukama neinopenya, ichitaura nezvesirin'i yesirivha yakanga iri muhoro, pamwe chete nembiru dzegoridhe umo chiedza chaionekwa kubva kure chakagadzirwa.
Mungano dzeNorse, anonziwo mwari ane hungwaru hukuru nekugona kutaura muAsgard. Iye ndiye akatanhamara mukusagadzikana, sezvo akawana mhinduro kupfurikidza nokuyananisa. Humwe hunhu hwayo hukuru hwaive hwekuti yaigara munzvimbo yayo yekutandarira ichipa kururamisira kune avo vaiitsvaga uye zvakare yaive nemhinduro yekusagadzikana, ichitarisa chaive chakanakira chokwadi chega chega.
Naizvozvo, akanga ari mwari akanaka, aida rugare, zvikurukuru apo avo vaitongwa naye vaigara vakachengeteka ndokupedza mutongo wavo. Nenzira iyi, akaremekedzwa zvikuru, sezvo mhiko dzakatanhamara dzaidudzwa muzita rake.
Saka haana kurondedzerwa panguva yeRagnarok, saka anozivikanwa samwari werugare. Vamwe vanofunga kuti akanga ari madzitateguru eFrisian.
Loki
Muzukuru wehofori dzeFarbauti naLaufey, vaine Helblindi naBýleistr sehama. Maererano neEddas, anonzi ndiye mavambo ehunyengeri hwose, kunze kwekubatanidza zvakasununguka pakati pevamwari, izvo Odin akamuona semunun'una wake kusvikira kuponda kwaBalder.
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, Aesis akamuteya ndokumuroverera pamatombo matatu, saka chiporofita chakatsanangura kuti aizosunungura zvisungo izvozvo kurwisa vamwari paRagnarok. Anoonekwa senhamo yeAesir nevarume, sezvo aive nehungwaru, asina hanya uye achikatyamadza, kwaakanzi ndiye mwari wemhirizhonga nemukana, aizivikanwa nekuve murevi wenhema.
Vanamwarikadzi Vakuru veNorse Mythology
Sezvimwe mune dzimwe nyaya dzengano, mungano dzeNorse munewo vamwarikadzi vakasiyana-siyana.
frigg
Anoonekwa semumwe wevamwarikadzi vakuru vengano dzeNorse. Mudzimai waOdin uye mambokadzi weAesir. Mwarikadzi wedenga, kubereka, rudo, kutonga pamba, kuroorana, kuva amai, unyanzvi hwepamba, kufanoona, uye uchenjeri. Saka ine hukama namwarikadzi Aphrodite, kubva mungano dzechiGiriki.
Maererano nerondedzero yeEddas, aive mumwe wevamwari vekutanga veNorse mythology, saFreyja. Munhoroondo dzakasiyana-siyana, anorondedzerwa somudzimai uye amai, vachizivikanwa sevane simba rokuprofita, asi vasingadudzi zvaaiziva.
Ndiye ega uyo, pamwe chete naOdin, vaigona kugara pachigaro cheHlioskjálf, vachiona zvaiitika munyika pfumbamwe dzengano dzeNorse. Vanakomana vake vaiva Baldr, Hoor, uye akava nevanakomana vokurera Hermóor, Heimdall, Tyr, Vidar, naVáli.
Dzimwe nhoroondo dzengano dzeNorse dzinotsanangura Thor sehama yake uye dzimwe nguva semwanakomana wake wekurera. Anobatanidzwa naEir, mwarikadzi wekuporesa aifamba naye dzimwe nguva uye aive naHlín, Gna naFulla sevabatsiri.
Uye enda
Icho zvakare chikamu cheÁsynjur, pamwe neValkyries. Anonzi mwarikadzi wekuporesa, utano, uye kufara. Neiyi nzira, akanga ane ruzivo rwakakura pamusoro pemiitiro yomushonga yamakwenzi uye kunyange kuva namano okumuka.
Kutaura idi, akanga ari pedyo zvikuru naFrigg uye akanga ari mumwe wavamwarikadzi vaiva mugomo reLyfjaberg. Akanga akabatanidzwa neVanir, nekuda kweruzivo rwake rwekuporesa zvinhu zvemiti nemishonga. Inotsanangurwa munhoroondo dzakasiyana dzeNhetembo Edda, iyo Prose Edda, uye nhetembo dze skaldic.
sjofn
Iyo ndeye Ásynjur yeNorse mythology, inotsanangurwa muchidimbu muProse Edda, kutaura zvazviri haina kutaurwa nezvayo muPoetic Edda. Zvaionekwa nekutungamirira pfungwa dzevarume kurudo.
Var
Imwe yeÁsnjur yeNorse mythology. Anoonekwa samwarikadzi wemhiko, ane chekuita nemhiko uye zvibvumirano zvemuchato. Inotsanangurwa muLesser Edda.
Syn
Kutorwa semwarikadzi akakumbirwa neanopomerwa mukutongwa, kusvinura uye chokwadi. Akanga ariwo mumwe wevabatsiri vemwarikadzi Frigg. Aive muchengeti wechikumbaridzo apo aidzivirira kupinda kwevaive vasiri chikamu chacho. Yakatsanangurwa muProse Edda uye mune skaldic nhetembo.
Idunn
Inongotsanangurwa muPoetic Edda uye Prose Edda. Akanga ari mudzimai wamwari Bragi, aitarisira kutarisira maapuro mubhokisi raipa vanamwari huduku husingaperi.
The Vanir
Ndivanaani vaigara kudenga vaiva Aesir, asi kwaivawo nemamwe mamwari airemekedzwa nevanhu veNordic, sezvo vainzi simba regungwa, mhepo, masango uye masimba ezvisikwa, izvo zvinonzi The Vanir. Inoratidzwa nekugara muVanaheim.
Njøror
Anonzi mwari wenyika yakaorera uye mahombekombe egungwa, nautical uye navigation. Saka rinoonekwa nekuve iro rinotonga mhepo, gungwa nemoto. Mudzimai wake aive Skaoi uye vana vake vaive Frey naFreyja.
Maererano nedzimwe nhoroondo dzengano dzechiNorse, aigara muNóatún, imwe nzvimbo yokugara iri muAsgard. Anobatanidzwawo nekubereka, sevamwe veVanir. Iye nevana vake vaive chikamu cheAesir, sevasungwa veVanir, mushure mekurwa pakati pevaviri.
Kuve nhapwa dzinoonekwa sedzinobva kumhuri yevakuru uye vatungamiriri vari pamutemo, kunyangwe vasina kusununguka kuenda kunochengetedza zvido zvakasimbiswa muchibvumirano cherunyararo. Dzidza zvakawanda nezve Orpheus.
skady
Kuonekwa semwarikadzi wechando uye muvhimi ane uta. Muzukuru wehofori yeJazi uye nekuurayiwa neAesir, akananga kuAsgard kunomutsiva. Odin akamupa kuti aise maziso ababa vake senyeredzi uye asarudze mwari, aine mamiriro ekuti anosarudza chete nekucherechedza tsoka dzevanoda.
Nokudaro, aida kusarudza Baldr, asi pakupedzisira akakanganisa ndokusarudza Njoror, kunyange zvazvo vakanga vasina kugadzirirwa mumwe nomumwe, saka vakapedzisira vaparadzana. Dzimwe nhoroondo dzeNorse mythology dzinotsanangura kuti akaroora Ullr nevamwe kuti aive nevana vakasiyana naOdin.
frey
Mwanakomana waNjoror uye mukoma waFreyja. Anoonekwa samwari wemvura, kubuda kwezuva uye kubereka. Aigara zvakare muVanaheim. Akanga ane bakatwa rezhizha, rainzi Summarbrander, sezvo raifamba uye richirwa roga mumhepo. Zvisinei, akamusiya kuti akunde mhandara yehofori Gerda.
Aivewo nenguruve yegoridhe yainzi Gullinbursti, yaive chipo kubva kune madiki Sindri naBrokk. Yaikweva ngoro ichiita zvekumhanya chaizvo sebhiza payaimhanya, paivheneka husiku. Uyewo, mwari uyu akanga ane igwa, rainzi Skíoblaonir nebhiza rakanga risingaitiri hanya zvipingamupinyi. Kutaura idi, akanga ari mwari aifarirwa zvikuru nama<em>elves uye mumwe wevakakurumbira zvikuru muchihedheni cheNorse.
Aibatanidzwa nehumambo hutsvene, huviri, kubudirira, zuva uye mamiriro ekunze akanaka. Vaitomumiririra samwari wembereko aiunza rugare nemufaro kuvanhu. Akakumbirwawo kuti awane goho rakanaka.
Freya
Sekureva kwaEddas, akamiririrwa semwarikadzi werudo, runako uye kubereka, saka vakaenda kwaari kuti vawane mufaro murudo, kubatsira kuzvara uye kuve nemwaka yakanaka.
Aibatanidzwawo nehondo, rufu, mashiripiti, chiporofita nehupfumi. Maererano nedzimwe nhoroondo, ndiye akagamuchira hafu yevakafira muhondo mumuzinda wake, Fólkvanger, uye Odin ari iye akanga ane vamwe vose muValhalla. Iye, pamwe naFrigg, vaive vamwarikadzi vakuru vengano dzeNorse, saka vanomiririrwa sevakuru veAsynjur.
Hukama pakati peAesir naVanir
Imwe yetsanangudzo huru yakabatana neyekuti maAesir vaive varwi, nepo Vanir yaionekwa seine rugare. Zvisinei, kune vamwari vari rutivi rwezvose zviri zviviri.
Dzimwe nhoroondo dzeNorse mythology, maererano neVanir, dzinoratidza kuti dzainyanya kubatanidzwa nemunhu wepanyika, maererano nekudyara, mamiriro ekunze uye kukohwa. Nepo maAesir vaive vamwari vane chekuita nezvemweya.
Pakati pemapoka maviri, chibvumirano cherunyararo chinokunda, kuchinjana kwevatapi uye michato yakaitika pakati pavo, mushure mekurwa kwenguva refu, uko Aesir akakunda. Kutaura zvazviri, ndicho chakaita kuti Njord aende kuAsgard kuti avepo nevana vake vaviri, ambotaurwa Frey naFreyja. Pamwe naHoenir, mukoma waOdin, akaenda kuVanaheim.
Zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakapoteredza ngano dzeNorse zvinofunga kuti hukama huri pakati pemapoka maviri aya chiratidzo chenzira iyo vamwari vemarudzi eIndo-European vakatsiva vamwari vekare vezvisikwa zvevakatanga kugara.
Saizvozvowo, vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanotsanangura kuti hukama huri pakati pemapoka maviri inongova chiratidzo cheNorway chekugadzwa kwevamwari pakati peIndo-Europeans, yakafanana neyeOlympians uye Titans yeGreek mythology. Dzidza zvakawanda nezve vatambi vengano.
The Jotuns
Vaizivikanwawo sehofori, vaionekwa sevanhu vane ngozi huru kuvanhu. Vaibatanidzwa neTitans yengano dzechiGiriki. Imhaka yekuti vaive vanhu vanotyisa uye vakakura kwazvo, kunyangwe vaine huchenjeri hwakakura uye hupfumi, vachibatsira pane dzimwe nguva kuvamwari.
Mabviro avo kubva ku cosmos ane chekuita nekuumbwa kwemuviri waYmir, kunyangwe vamwe vacho vaive nerunako rwakati. Ymir, uyo ainziwo Aurgelmir, ndiye akatanga rudzi rwehofori, ari munhu akakurumbira mungano dzeNorse.
Kushamwaridzana pakati pevamwari uye hofori dzeNorse mythology
Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, chimwe chikamu cheAesir vana veJotuns, nokuti michato yakaitwa pakati pemapoka maviri.Nenzira iyi, mamwe mahofori anotsanangurwa muEddas, anomiririrwa semasimba echisikigo.
Saka pane kupatsanurwa pakati pehofori, idzi iaizi nemoto. Ivo vanozivikanwa nekuve neruvengo rusingachinjiki nevamwari, kuburikidza nemakakatanwa aive naThor semutungamiri mukuru. Uyewo panguva yeRagnarok, masimba ekuparadza akatungamirirwa nehofori Surt naHrym.
stock
Inoonekwa seyekutanga hofori dzemoto muMuspelheim, nzvimbo yemoto. Munguva yeRagnarok, mapoka ake akananga kunzvimbo yekuchamhembe nenzira yemhepo yekumaodzanyemba kuti aparadze vamwari.
hrym
Hofori iyi yaive kaputeni wechikepe cheNaglfar. Mukati meRagnarok, akafamba nechikepe pakati peJotunheim kuenda kunhandare yehondo yeVigrid, akatakura hofori, kwaaizorwisana nevamwari.
Dzimwe nhoroondo dzeNorse mythology dzinotsanangura Loki achitungamira vanhu veHela, nepo Hrym akatungamira hofori, Vigrid, mushure memoto, Jormungandr uye mhumhi Fenrir.
zvimwe zvisikwa zvisingaoneki
Pakati pemamwe marudzi ezvisikwa zvechiNorse mythology, zvinotevera zvinomira pachena:
Norns
Iwo mweya wechikadzi, kwaanowanikwa seUrd huru, iyo inoenderana nekuguma uye zvakaitika, Verdandi, iyo inomiririra zviri kuitika panguva ino uye Skul, nezvinofanira kuitika, chaizvoizvo inonziwo. yakabatana yekupedzisira sechikamu cheValkyries.
Tsananguro dzake pachake dzevaEdda, dzinorondedzera kuti kwaiva nevakawanda manornir, vaiva vadiki uye vakapinzwa kune vamwe vanhu. Zvakadaro, pane tsvakiridzo zvakare pamusoro penyaya yekuti vane hukama nezvinozoitika, zvekuti zvakapfuura, zvazvino uye zveramangwana zvinopindirana kuti zvisaparadzane kubva kune vane mukurumbira Norns.
Chimwe chezvakasarudzika zvemweya iyi yengano dzeNorse ndechekuti inogara pasi pemidzi yemuti wemadota emuti wehupenyu, unozivikanwawo seYggdrasil. Ikoko vanobatanidza tapestries ye destinies uye kudiridza nemvura uye ivhu rinobva kuUrd tsime, kuitira kuchengetedza girini yemuti wemadota.
Naizvozvo, upenyu hwomunhu mumwe nomumwe hunoita shinda pachirukiso chake uye kureba kwetambo imwe neimwe kunomiririra nguva youpenyu hwake. Saka mungano dzeNorse zvinhu zvese zvinorairwa, nekuti kunyangwe vanamwari vane tapestries yavo, zvisinei nekuti maNorn haavabvumidze kuvaona.
Neiyi nzira, kunorondedzerwa kuti vamwari vakavawo nomugumo wavo, sezvakasimbiswa mungano dzeNorse. MaNorns anobatanidzwa neFates yeGreek mythology uye maFates engano dzeRoma. Ivo zvakare vane hukama kune dísir (vakadzi vevamwari zvisikwa) uye valkyries, vane Odin semutungamiri wavo. Kuziva zvakare nezve Ngano dzechiGiriki.
Valkyries
Ivo vanoumba masangano madiki echikadzi akashandira Odin, achigamuchira mirairo kubva kuFreyja. Iyo yakanga ine chinangwa chekusarudza magamba eavo vakawira muhondo ndokuvatungamirira kuValhalla kuti vave Einherjer.
Naizvozvo, Odin ndiye akavasarudza, vaizivikanwa nekunaka kwavo uye nekuti vaivewo varwi vakasimba vaigona kuporesa chero kukuvara. Apo vakaendesa magamba akawa muhondo kuValhalla, vakabatira mead ndokuvafadza nokunaka kwavakanga vakaita. Vaifanira kuva mhandara uye vaigara muVingólf, iri pedyo neValhalla.
dwarves uye elves
Panhamba dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa mungano dzeNorse, mapoka maviri aya anowanikwa. Kana vari madzviti, vaive rudzi rwakabva kune honye dzakadya chitunha chaYmir, paakaurayiwa nevamwari pakutanga kwenguva.
Ivo vanozivikanwa nekugara pasi pevhu, kunyanya muSvartalfheim, pamwe nekubata zvakanyanya mumigodhi uye simbi. Ivo zvakare vane huchenjeri hwakavanzika uye hutsvene, hwavakagadzira nazvo zvombo zvemashiripiti zvakapihwa magamba uye zvinhu zvine simba guru kune vamwari.
Kana ari maelves, anozivikanwawo semaalphas, panguva yeScandinavia pakanga paine zvikamu zviviri, izvo zvaive maarufa echiedza, aizivikanwa seljósálfar, aigara mudenga, uye nhema alphas, inozivikanwa se svartálfar.
Muchokwadi, ivo vaisatorwa semaelves, asi semavara akafanana nemadiki, saka vaive mubatanidzwa pakati pezviviri. Mune dzimwe nyaya dzengano dzechiNorse, kunorondedzerwa kuti kwaiva nemufananidzo wakakwirira wema<em>elves akareba uye akanaka, akazozivikanwa semaduku uye ane misikanzwa.
Kune ngano apo zvisikwa izvi zvine hukama nevarume nenzira isinganzwisisike, nekuti zvakakonzera zvirwere mazviri kana kutozvifarira. Vaivawo nemhemberero yekupira yakaitwa pakupera kwematsutso, inonziwo navo semutauri wealphalot.
Zvikara
Mumwe wevanhu vane mukurumbira mungano dzeNorse imhumhi Fenrir, yaive yakakura kwazvo, uye nyoka yegungwa Jormungandr, iyo yakakomberedza nyika. Vose vari vaviri vanotorondedzerwa sevana vaLoki uye giantess Angrboda.
Kwakanga kunewo zvimwe zvisikwa zvouyu mutoo mungano dzeNorse, uko Hugin naMunin vakatanhamara, vanobatanidza kufunga nendangariro. Aive makunguwo maviri aive naOdin uye vakamuzevezera zvaiitika munyika, mushure mekuifamba.
Chimwe chezvisikwa zveNorse mythology, yakataurwa pamusoro apa, iRatatosk, iyo yaiva squirrel yakakwira midzi yemuti weYggdrasil, apo Odin akarembera kubva pamatavi ayo kwemazuva mapfumbamwe ndokubva acherechedza runes.
Kufanana nedzimwe ngano
Humwe hunhu hukuru hwengano dzetsika imwe neimwe ndeyekuti mazhinji acho anowanzo hukama, kunyanya mukufanana kwevatambi vavo uye ngano dzeNorse ndeimwe yacho. Zvisinei, muna ikoku kunangana kunozivikanwa navose kwechakanaka nechakaipa kwegamuchidzanwa rokuMiddle East hakuna kuitika, sezvo vamwari namasimba avanomiririra akanga akasiyana, ari vamwari vavaScandinavia samasimba.
Nenzira iyi, Loki akanga asiri mupikisi chaiye wevamwari, hofori dzimwe nguva dzakanga dzisina kuipa, dzakasimba uye dzisina ruzivo. Naizvozvo, nyaya idzi hadzitsananguri zvakanaka nezvakaipa, asi kurongeka maringe nenyonganyonga. Kuve vamwari avo vanobatanidzwa nekurongeka uye chimiro, nepo hofori nemamonya zvine hukama nemhirizhonga uye kusagadzikana.
Vamwe vamwari navamwarikadzi vengano dzeNorse vane hukamawo nengano dzakakurumbira, pamwe nedzechiGiriki nechiRoma, nemusiyano wekuti mumwe nemumwe wavo aitarisa patsika dzavo.
voluspá
Izvo zvine chokuita nemavambo uye magumo enyika yengano dzeNorse zvinorondedzerwa mune yavakadana kuti Voluspá. Iyi ndiyo nhetembo yePoetic Edda, apo nyaya yekusika inopupurirwa kusvika kumagumo, pasi pekurondedzera kwevolva kana muoni, yakananga kuOdin.
Nenzira iyi, ndiyo imwe yenhetembo huru dzeNhetembo Edda, apo ndima yega yega inoumbwa nenyaya dzeNorse mythology. Saka Odin akabatanidza mweya wemushakabvu uye akamuraira kuti aite chizaruro chezvakaitika kare uye nezveramangwana.
madzimambo nemagamba
Pamusoro pevatambi vambotaurwa, ngano dzeNorse dzinotsanangurawo ngano dzemagamba nemadzimambo. Vazhinji vavo ndivo vakagadzira dzinza nehumambo, kune avo vanonongedza kuti mamwe acho anogona kunge aripo kare.
Imwe neimwe inotsanangurwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yenyika yeGermany iri kufukidzwa. Pakati pavo pane:
- Siegfried: anozivikanwawo saSigurd, akauraya dhiragoni uye akageza muropa rayo, achiva asingafi.
- Weyland: Anozivikanwawo seVolundr, anoonekwa senyanzvi mupfuri uye mhizha, nyaya dzake dzinotsanangurwa muNhetembo Edda uye mune mamwe maGerman nhetembo zvinyorwa.
- Bodvar Bjarky- Mumwe weva berserkers akatorwa naHrólfr Kraki, murwi weViking kubva muZera reVendel.
- hagbard: zvakare Viking anobva kuScandinavia muVendel Era, mukoma waHaki uye wedzinza raHamun. Mune dzimwe nyaya anotsanangurwa samambo wegungwa wengano dzeNorse.
- starkad: imwe yeViking heroes, inotsanangurwa nekusimbisa muGesta Danorum uye muIcelandic sagas.
- Ragnar Lodbrook: Mambo weNorway, Sweden, neDenmark uyo akatonga muzana ramakore rechisere.
- Sigurd Ring: Mambo weSweden neDenmark.
- Ivar Vidfamne: semi-legendary mambo weSweden, Norway, Denmark, Sagonia nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeEngland.
- Harald Hiditonn: Mambo wemazuva ano Sweden, Denmark, Norway, uye dzimwe nzvimbo muGermany.
- Skaldmos: vakadzi vaive varwi, vanozivikanwa semagamba.
Kana iwe wanga uchifarira ruzivo mune ino chinyorwa, iwe unogona zvakare kufarira kuziva nezve Celtic mythology.