Mangwena nemakarwe ndiwo maviri ezvikara zvinotyiwa zvakanyanya uye zvinonakidza munyika. Zvisikwa izvi zvakararama kwemamiriyoni emakore uye zvakajairana nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemumvura munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi. Kunyange zvazvo vari vemhuri imwe chete, Crocodylidae, uye kugovera zvinhu zvakawanda, panewo kusiyana kwakakosha pakati pazvo.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora misiyano mikuru pakati pemangwe nengwena maererano nechitarisiko chadzo, kugoverwa kwenzvimbo, maitiro, uye pekugara. Joinha isu kuti udzidze zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve Musiyano Pakati peMangwena neMakarwe: Kuenzanisa Kwakadzama kweZviviri Zvinofadza Zvinokambaira.
Chitarisiko chemuviri uye morphology
Zvose makurwe nemakarwe zvikara zvihombe zvine miviri yakakora, ganda rine makwapa, uye mhuno dzakareba. Zvisinei, pane humwe hunhu hunovasiyanisa.
Makarwe anowanzoita mahombe kudarika mangwe. Dzimwe mhando dzengwena, senge ngwena yemugungwa (Crocodylus porosus), inogona kusvika kureba kusvika pamamita matanhatu kana kudarika, zvichiita kuti dzive mhuka huru dzinokambaira pasi rose. The aligators, pane rimwe divi, kazhinji idiki, nemarudzi akawanda anotangira pamamita 1.5 kusvika ku3 pakureba.
Imwe yemisiyano mikuru yekuona pakati pezviviri chimiro chemuzzle wavo. Makarwe ane mhino dzakatetepa, dzakanongedza “V” dzakaitapanguva mazingwe ane mhuno dzakafara, dzakatendereka "U" -mumhuno.
Uyewo, makarwe paanovhara miromo yawo, mamwe mazino awo epamusoro anobuda kunze kunze, izvo zvinoratidza kuti vari kunyemwerera, nepo ari mumangwe, mazino epamusoro haaoneki pavanovhara miromo yavo
Geographical distribution
Mangwena nemakarwe anowanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi, kunyangwe iwo mitsara yekugovera dzimwe nguva inopindirana.
Makarwe akasiyana-siyana, anowanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinopisa uye dzinopisa dzeAfrica, Asia, Australia, neAmerica. Dzimwe mhando dzemakarwe dzinozivikanwa dzinosanganisira ngwena yeNairi (Crocodylus niloticus) muAfrica, garwe remvura yemunyu (Crocodylus porosus) muAustralia negarwe reAmerica (Crocodylus acutus) MuAmerica.
Kune rumwe rutivi, alligators anowanikwa kuCentral neSouth America. Dzimwe mhando dzinozivikanwa ndeye black caiman (melanosuchus niger) mubheseni reAmazon uye caiman inoratidzika (caiman crocodilus) inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeSouth America.
Maitiro uye pekugara
Kunyangwe zvese zvingwe nemakarwe zviri semi-aquatic reptile, maitiro avo uye maitiro anogona kusiyana zvishoma.
Makarwe anowanzo kushivirira mvura ine brackish uye yemugungwa kupfuura mangwe., zvichivabvumira kuti vagare munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva kunzizi nemadziva kusvika kumakomo emvura uye mangrove. Ivo vanozivikanwa kuva kunyanya kutsamwa uye kushanda mumvura, kunyanya munguva yekuberekesa. Vanoshambirawo shasha uye vanogona kufamba madaro marefu mumvura.
Malligators, kune rumwe rutivi, anowanzofarira nzvimbo dzekugara dzemvura yakachena.semachakwi, nzizi nemadziva. Vanonyanya kuchinjika kunzvimbo dzinotonhorera uye anogona kutsungirira tembiricha yakaderera pane ngwena. Zvakare ivo inyanzvi mucamouflage, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanakisa pakuvanda muzvinomera uye kunyangira mhuka dzadzo.
Maererano nemagariro evanhu, ose makarwe nemakirigata kazhinji ari oga, asi inogona kuwanikwa mumapoka panguva yekusvirana uye munzvimbo dzekugara.
Kubereka uye tarisiro yehupenyu
Nezvekuberekana, hapana misiyano mikuru pakati pemakarwe nemakarwe, zvakangofanana mune zvese zviri zviviri. Zvose zvingwe nemakarwe imhuka dzine mazai.Kureva kuti vanokandira mazai. Pamusoro pezvo, vanoratidza maitiro ekuchengeta kwevabereki kuchengetedza uye kuve nechokwadi chekupona kwevadiki vavo.
Kana toreva nezvemakore anotarisirwa kurarama hupenyu, makarwe anowanzova nehupenyu hurefu kupfuura mangwe. Makarwe anogona kurarama makore anopfuura makumi manomwe, kunyange mamwe marudzi anogona kusvika makore 100 mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka. Nepo alligators vanowanzorarama makore ari pakati pe30 ne50 paavhareji. Zvisinei, muzviitiko zvose izvi imhuka dzinogara kwenguva refu.
Vocalization
Mumwe wemisiyano inocherechedzwa pakati pemakarwe nemangwe matauriro adzo. Mangwena anozivikanwa kuburitsa mhando yeinorira, yakaderera-frequency kufona inozivikanwa se "hiss." Ruzha urwu runogona kunzwika panguva yekusangana uye inzira yekutaurirana pakati pevanhu.
Makarwe, kune rumwe rutivi, havazivikanwi zvikuru nokuda kwezwi ravo uye kazhinji vanonyarara, kunyange zvazvo zvakanyorwa kuti zvinobudisa manzwi uye mheremhere panguva yekudzivirira kana mamiriro ekupfimbana.
Mamiriro ekuchengetedza
Makiriga nemakarwe akatarisana nematambudziko ekuchengetedza nekuda kwekuparadzwa kwenzvimbo, kuvhima zvisiri pamutemo, uye kutambudzwa kwevanhu..
Nekudaro, chimiro chemhando dzakasiyana dzemakarwe nemakarwe chinosiyana zvakanyanya nedunhu. Mamwe marudzi ari mungozi kana kutyisidzirwa (zvakadai se "Cuban crocodile"), nepo mamwe ane vanhu vakagadzikana. kana kutomboonekwa sekusina hanya (senge "ngwena yeNile").
Izvi zviri izvo, kuedza kwekuchengetedza kwakawanda kwakaitwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu izvi nenzvimbo dzadzo. Mumatunhu mazhinji, ecotourism uye dzidzo yezvakatipoteredza yakabatsira kusimudza ruzivo nezve kukosha kwekuchengetedza izvi zvinonakidza zvinokambaira uye basa razvo rakakosha muzvisikwa zvemumvura.
Kudyisa uye basa munzvimbo dzemumvura
Makurwe nemakarwe zvinodya nyama, kunyanya kudya hove, shiri dzemumvura, mhuka diki, uye dzimwe mhuka. vanowana munzvimbo dzemumvura dzavanogara. Mamwe marudzi emakarwe nemakarwe vanogonawo kudya zvakaora pano neapo, zvinoreva kuti dzinodya mhuka dzakafa.
Icho chokwadi chekuti ivo zvikara zvepamusoro zvinovapa basa rakakosha mukuyera kwezvipenyu zvemumvura. Basa ravo sevavhimi vepamusoro zvinoreva kuti havana zvikara zvechisikigo zvinokwanisa kudzora huwandu hwavo uye saka vanogona kudzora huwandu hwavo hwemhuka zvinobudirira, nokudaro vachitamba basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza chimiro chenharaunda dzemumvura.
Yakasiyana asi ine hukama: misiyano pakati pemangwena nemakarwe inoita kuti ive yakasiyana nemhando dzadzo
Zvose zvingwe nemakarwe zvisikwa zvinoshamisa uye zvinotyisa zvakagara kwemamiriyoni emakore. Kunyange zvazvo vari vemhuri imwe chete, kusiyana kwavo kwomuviri, kupararira kwenzvimbo, maitiro, uye pokugara kunoita kuti vave vakasiyana nenzira yavo pachavo.. Kubva kumahombekombe erwizi rweAustralia kusvika kumasango eSouth America, mhuka dzinokambaira idzi dziri kuramba dzichifadza vatsvakurudzi nevanofarira zvinhu zvakasikwa, zvichitiyeuchidza nezvokunaka uye kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu zviri panyika yedu.
Kudzivirirwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvikara zvinoyevedza izvi zvakakosha kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti zvinoramba zviri chikamu chakakosha chezvipenyu zvedu zvemumvura uye zvinoramba zvichitishamisa nekuvapo kwazvo kwemakore mazhinji ari kuuya.
Tinovimba kuti kuburikidza nemashoko aya mave kukwanisa kunzwisisa zviri nani kusiyana pakati pemangwena nemakarwe: kuenzanisa kwakadzama kwezvikara zviviri zvinonakidza.