the stoat (mustela erminea) Ndiyo imwe yemhuka diki kwazvo pasi rose.. Iyo ndeyemhuri ye mustelid, senge weasel, iyo yakabatana nayo uye inobereka zvakafanana zvine musoro. Huwandu hwayo hunopararira pasirese (kunze kweOceania) uye inochengetedza mamiriro akanaka ekuchengetedza (haisi mhuka dziri mungozi). Muvhimi ane hunyanzvi uye ane nharaunda zvakanyanya.
Iine chitarisiko chinotapira uye chengirozi, zvisinei haisi mhuka yemumba nekuti inogona kuita zvehasha. Yaigarovhimwa muEngland nekuda kwekufarira kwaimutswa neganda rayo rakatsetseka pakati pemadzimambo. Sezvineiwo, nhasi tsika iyoyo yapedzwa. Imhuka inoda kuziva yauchazoda kudzidza zvakawanda nezvayo. Gara nesu kuti tidzidze zvese nezvazvo the stoat: mhuka inodya nyama yakanaka.
The stoat: chii uye kuti chii hunhu hwayo
the stoat Ndiyo imwe yemhuka diki diki pasi rose iyo ndeyemhuri ye mustelid, senge weasels uye otters., waaine ukama hwepedyo naye.
Ihombe kudarika mbira uye ine muswe wakareba. Muviri wayo wakareba uye ine mafambiro akasiyana. achikwenya musana. Kusiyana nezvipfukuto, iri a mukwikwidzi ane unyanzvi Sampula unyanzvi hwokuvhima kubva paudiki.
Mvere dzayo dzakapfava kwazvo uye dzinochinja ruvara zvichienderana nemwaka: munguva yezhizha uye inodziya mwaka inoratidza orenji-ruvara negotsi rine ruvara rwekrimu uye zamu; munguva yechando bvudzi rinoshanduka kuva jena uye yakakora kudzivirira chando. Muswe wayo une muromo mutema, chimiro chakasiyana chezviputi.
Muviri wavo une hurefu hwemusoro-muviri wepakati pemasendimita gumi nematanhatu ne16 uye vanogona kuyera kubva pa31 kusvika 90 magiramu. Vanhukadzi vanowanzova vadiki pane varume.
nzvimbo dzekugara
Tumira a hukuru hwakasiyana-siyana maererano nenzvimbo dzinogara. Inowanikwa mupáramos, machakwi padyo nemasango, mapurazi epasi, kumahombekombe kana makomo. Asi kana pane zvokudya zvakakwana, nzvimbo yazvo yokugara inogona kupararira kunharaunda dzakawanda, kubva kumasango emumapani kusvika kumaguta.
Dzinovaka matendere nouswa uye dzinosiya dzinenge chero kupi zvako: mumatanda asina mhango, zvikomo zvemoko, madziro, migodhi, mabhangi, mikaha yematombo kana matenhere.
Ethology
mhepo iri nharaunda kwazvo uye haitomboshiviriri nedzimwe mhuka dziri munharaunda yayo, kunyanya nemhando dzemhando imwe chete. Hadzi dzinonyanya kuvenga uye nharaunda munguva yekuberekesa, zvisinei kuti varume havaratidzi maitiro aya.
Zvakajairika kuti ishandise migodhi yakawanda, ichigara ichitora yemhuka dzayo. mukwikwidzi ane unyanzvi, inogona kudzika pasi pehunde dzemiti kutanga, setsindi.
Iyo stoat haiumbe mapoka, Imhuka iri yoga uyo anowanzo famba akazvimiririra. Inongodyidzana chete nedzimwe nhengo dzerudzi rwayo panguva yekusangana uye panguva yekurera vana vachangozvarwa.
Zvokudya
stoats imhuka dzinodya uye tsime ravo guru rekudya ndiro tsuro (zvisinei nekuwanda kwehuremu hwavo kana kuhupfuura), izvo zvavanozadzisa nediki makonzo, tsuro neshiri. Vanogonawo kudya zvipembenene, hove, zvinokambaira, amphibians, uye invertebrates. Kana zvokudya zvashaikwa, vanodya zvakaora.
stoats vari vavhimi vane unyanzvi Vanogona kubata mhuka dzakakura kudarika ivo pachavo. Dzinouraya mhuka dzadzo nekuruma pamutsipa uye dzinogona kufamba makiromita masere pakuvhima. Zvikara zvinotyisa uye zvinogona kufamba nekumhanya kwemaira makumi maviri paawa pavanenge vachivhima.
Munzvimbo dzinogara zvipfukuto nezvipfukuto, chipfukuto chinowanzotora mhuka diki uye chipfuyo chinenge chakati kurei.
Kuberekerwa
Nguva yekubatana inoitika muchirimo-zhizha, kwemwedzi yaMay naJune. Kusangana uku kunoitika nevadiwa vakawanda, kazhinji vanotangwa nekumanikidzwa nemurume, uyo anozoenda kunotsvaka mumwe mukadzi, achisiya basa rekusimudza marara chete kumukadzi.
Zai rakasanganiswa nembeu yemukadzi harimirwe nekukasika, asi rinonokerwa kwemazuva anosvika mazana maviri nemakumi masere. Kana izvi zvangoitika, nguva yekuzvitakura inongotora pakati pemazuva makumi maviri nerimwe nemakumi maviri nemasere, saka vadiki vanozvarwa muna Kubvumbi-Chivabvu wegore rinotevera. Pasinei nokuti iri mhuka duku yakadaro, ermine gestation ndeimwe yenguva refu yakanyorwa mumhuka dzinoyamwisa (mwedzi gumi neimwe) uye izvi zvinokonzerwa nekunonoka kwenguva refu mukuiswa kwezygote.
Marara acho anowanzova pakati pemamvana mashanu kusvika gumi nemaviri uye pamwedzi mishanu anorumurwa uye akazvimirira zvachose, achiratidza hunyanzvi hwekuvhima mumasvondo gumi nemaviri chete.
Hupenyu hurefu hwehurefu hwema stoat hunosvika makore 1 kusvika ku1,5, kunyangwe vachigona kurarama kusvika kumakore manomwe.
Nzvimbo yekuparadzira
Mhando kuparadzirwa zvakanyanya pasi rese. Zvisina kujairika munzvimbo dzine maguta.
Mamiriro ekuchengetedza
Imhuka dzakajairika ine nzvimbo yakakura yekugovera munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekugara, ndosaka ichipa mamiriro akanaka ekuchengetedza uye Haina kurongwa semhuka iri mungozi yokutsakatika.
Zvisinei, haina kusunungurwa mune dzimwe ngozi, dzakadai sokudzvinyirirwa nemhuka hombe dzinodya nyama, nzara muchando, uye kufa nokutsikirirwa mumigwagwa. Imwe nguva yapfuura tingadai takawana mune ino runyorwa rwekutyisidzira kuvhima kwayo kukuru kuwana matehwe, asi nerombo rakanaka nhasi itsika inorambidzwa.
Zvikara
Zvikara zvemazuva ose ndizvo mazizi, hwiza, nyoka uye hombe carnivores akadai Zorro kana the katsi yemusango.
Hukama nevanhu
Imhuka dzakangwara uye dzinoshanda, pamwe nekupa chitarisiko chinoyevedza. Vavhimi vane hunyanzvi, kunyangwe vachiri vadiki, vachikwanisa kuvhima mhuka kusvika katanhatu saizi yadzo. Zvose izvi zvinhu zvinomutsa kufarira muvanhu.
Nekudaro, sezvatakataura mumitsara yapfuura, Imhuka dzenharaunda uye dzinogona kuita zvehasha, dzichipa kuruma kwakasimba uye kusingafadzi.. Izvi zvazvakadaro, zvine ngozi kuva nazvo pedyo nevana.
Imhuka dzakaoma kupingudza, dzinoda nzvimbo yadzo nekuda kwekuvhima kwadzo ndokusaka iri mhuka isina kupfuyiwa.. Vanofanira kunge vari musango, kwete semhuka dzinovaraidza mudzimba.
Cultural kukosha kwe stoat
Iyo ermine mukutaridzika kwayo kwechando, chena muruvara, yakashandiswa mune art se chiratidzo chekuchena uye umhandara.
Mvere chena dzaikosheswa zvakanyanya neveBritish royalty uko kwaive chikamu chemupfeko wavo wenguva dzose. Ndiko kuravira kwehukushe huchena hwemhungu iyo mhuka iyi yakava iyo chiratidzo cheGreat Britain.
Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeJapan, nekuda kwechimiro chake chinoyevedza uye hunhu hunotsvedza, achiri kutorwa sea rombo rakanaka chiratidzo.