Mayan mythology ipfuma yakawanda yezvitendero uye nyaya dzakasiya mucherechedzo wakadzama panhoroondo yeMesoamerican uye tsika. Pakati pavamwari vavo, vamwe vanotanhamara savadziviriri vane mutsa uye nhamba dzakakodzera dzakaumba maonero enyika eiyi budiriro yekare.
Pachiitiko ichi, isu tinoda kukuita iwe yakakosha chaizvo yekukoka: tibatane nesu parwendo kuburikidza nevamwari veMayan kwaunogona kuwana mabasa avo sevachengeti uye maitiro avo pahupenyu hwevateveri vavo vakatendeka. Know the mazita eVamwari veMayan: vadziviriri uye nhamba dzakakodzera yeMesoamerican tsika.
Itzamná: mudziviriri akachenjera
Itzamná, mune ngano dzeMayan, inomira sea musiki mwari uye murume akachenjera wepantheon. Anoremekedzwa nebasa rake semudziviriri wehuchenjeri uye kurongeka kwe cosmic, ndimwari anoyemurwa zvakanyanya mutsika dzeMayan. Zita rake, iro zvinoreva "dzvinyu rekudenga", inoratidza kubatana kwayo nekusikwa kwechadenga.
Itzamná inoratidzwa semunhu ane mutsa anotungamirira vanhu vake nezivo, kukurudzira kuwirirana, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuenzanisa mu cosmos. Kuvapo kwayo kunofananidzira kukosha kwehuchenjeri uye kurongeka muMayan worldview, zvichibatsira pakunzwisisa kwakadzama kwehukama hwavo nenyika yakavapoteredza.
Chaac: muchengeti wekurima
chaak, mwari wemvura mungano dzeMayan, anomira semudziviriri mukuru wenharaunda dzekurima. Kukwanisa kwake kudana mvura inobetsera nokuda kweminda nezvirimwa kunomutsvenesa somuchengeti wokubereka kwapasi. Inoratidzwa nemhando dzemumvura uye demo rinotsvedza, Chaac anova a chiratidzo chinobatika chetariro nebudiriro, kunyanya kuvashandi vekumaruwa vane raramo ine chekuita nekurima.
Kuvapo kwaChaac mungano yeMayan kunoratidza kukosha kwakakosha kwemvura yehupenyu uye kuenderera mberi kwekurima, zvichimuita munhu anoremekedzwa anomiririra kubatana pakati pehumwari uye zvisikwa, nokudaro achipa chengetedzo nekugara zvakanaka kunharaunda dzinovimba nekubudirira kwezvirimwa zvavo.
Ix Chel: mudziviriri wehutano nehupenyu
Ix Chel Ndiye mwarikadzi wemishonga uye kubereka. Inoita basa rakakosha semudziviriri wehutano uye kugara zvakanaka. Aigona kunzi "chiremba wezvekuzvara kana nyamukuta Mwarikadzi" nekuti ine basa rinokosha pautano hwevakadzi, kunyanya panguva yekuzvitakura uye yekusununguka.
Zita rako zvinoreva "mukadzi wemurarabungu" uye inomutsa mufananidzo wekuporesa nekuzvarwa patsva. Nharaunda dzeMayan dzakatsvaga nhungamiro nedziviriro yake panguva dzakakosha dzevakadzi vachiva vanaamai kana kuda kuva vanaamai. Nechikonzero ichi, mwarikadzi IX Chel airemekedzwa munguva dzakakosha dzine chekuita nekusikwa kwehupenyu, kubva pakubata pamuviri kusvika pakuporesa, kuburikidza nekuyamwisa uye nguva dzese dzakakosha dzekurera vana.
Kukulkan: mudziviriri wemweya
Kukulkan, nyoka ine minhenga, nhamba dzakatanhamara mungano dzeMayan somunhu anokosha womudzimu. Basa rake se mwari wezivo nouchenjeri inomugadza semudziviriri wemweya, achitungamirira vanhu kuchiedza uye kushanda sezambuko pakati pedenga nenyika. Kukulkan, saka, inoratidzwa sechiedza chekufemerwa nekudzivirirwa kune avo vanotsvaga kuwana kudarika pamweya kana kushuvira kusvika kumatanho epamusoro ekunzwisisa.
Kuvapo kwayo kunofananidzira kutsvaga zivo uye chishuwo chekubatana nehumwari, ichipa nhungamiro kune avo vari kutsvaga zvakadzama zvinoreva kuvapo kwavo. Kukulkan, nyoka ine minhenga, inomiririra chiratidzo chakakosha chehuchenjeri uye kukwirira kwemweya muMayan cosmogony.
Ek Chuaj: mudziviriri wekutengesa uye cocoa
Ek Chuaj Ndiye mwari wevatengesi uye mwari wekoko. Inomira semudziviriri mukutengeserana uye kubudirira kwehupfumi. Kufurira kwaro kunowedzera kunze kwezvinhu, sezvo cocoa, kunze kwekuve yakakosha yakanaka, ine zvirevo zvemweya.
Ichi chigadzirwa chakakosha uye chinonaka chaionekwa sechitsvene uye chaidyiwa mumitambo yetsika sezvaifungidzirwa kuti inofambisa kutaurirana neumwari. Mwari Ek Chuaj anowanzo kuratidzwa akabata cocoa, chiitiko chinosanganisira kubatana pakati pechirimwa ichi uye maonero epamweya eMayan. Muchidimbu, Ek Chuaj ndiye muchengeti webudiriro uye kuwirirana mune zvekutengesa.
Ah Puch: Ishe werufu semudziviriri wehupenyu kutenderera
oh pu Ndiye ishe werufu mungano dzeMayan uye anoita basa rakakosha semuchengeti wekutenderera kwehupenyu.. Kunyangwe zvingaite sezvinotyisa nekuda kwehukama hwayo nerufu, basa rayo mukutenderera kwehupenyu yakakosha chero hupenyu huine magumo uye rufu rwuri chikamu charwo. Nokudaro, mwari uyu anoshanda semutungamiri mukushanduka kubva kuupenyu kuenda kurufu, nyika mbiri dzinogona kurangarirwa semativi maviri emari.
Nechikonzero ichi, ngano dzeMayan dzinotikoka kuti tifunge nezvake sechimwe chinhu chinopfuura chimiro chake chakakurumbira uye chinokanganisa semuparadzi. Panzvimbo pokumutya, kudzai saJehovha Mumiriri akananga “kune imwe nyika” kana yatinodaidza kuti rufu mukuvapo kwepasi. Ah Puch saka inomira semudziviriri akakosha wekuenderera kwe cosmic uye kubatanidzwa kwayo kwakakosha pakuvandudzwa uye kuenzana kwepasirese.
Ixtab: mudziviriri wemweya yakaipa
ixtab Ndiye mwarikadzi wekuzviuraya uye mudziviriri weakaturikwa mungano dzeMayan. Anogona kuita seasina tariro, asi basa rake nderetsitsi huru. Anozivikanwa segwara kumweya yakarasika, achipa nyaradzo nedziviriro mushure merufu. Zita rake, rakabatana naro tambo yeropa, anoratidza hunyoro hwebasa rake semudziviriri kune avo vakasangana nenjodzi.
Ixtab haingori chimiro chakabatana nekufa nguva isati yakwana, asi zvakare inomiririra kunzwisisa uye kunyaradza kune avo vakatambura uye vari mumamiriro ekuchinja. Ixtab haina chekuita nerima kana kusvibaSezvo zvingaratidzika, zvakasiyana chaizvo: inosanganisa tsitsi muhunhu hwayo hwakachena uye inopa nhungamiro yakapfava kumweya kurunyararo, ichipa dziviriro muhupenyu hwapashure perufu.
Vanodzivirira Mayan vanamwari: kubatanidza chiratidzo cheMayan worldview
Vanamwari veMayan vanodzivirira vakaita basa rakakosha mutsika nekuve vachengeti vezvinhu zvakakosha zvehupenyu sekurima, ruzivo, mvura uye shanduko yemweya.
Sezvataona mumitsara iyi yose, kukosha kwazvo kuri mubasa ravanoita sevanofambisa kuenzanisa kwepasi uye kubudirira kwenharaunda, mukuwedzera pakupa hutungamiri muupenyu uye mushure merufu.
Ava vamwari vagara vachinamatwa mumitambo yemitambo uye maitiro ezuva nezuva senzira yekuongorora zvakadzika muhumwari mukati mehupenyu hwezuva nezuva hweMaya. Mazita evamwari veMayan, nezvose zvavanomiririra, chiratidzo chinoparara mutsika yeMayan uye chinhu chakakosha mukuona kwavo kwehupenyu.