Wakambozvibvunza here kuti zvinhu zvose zvakasikwa sei maererano nevaMayans? Munyaya inotevera iwe uchadzidza zvakawanda nezve mayan cosmogony, chiono chavo pamusoro penyika uye chikonzero nei vaidavira kuti chisiko chapose pose chakakamurwa kuva mativi matatu akasiyana.
Mavambo eMayan cosmogony
Chokwadi iwe wakanzwa nezve Mayan cosmogony uye zvese zvakatenderedza kwakabva uye kushanduka kweiyi inonakidza tsika yeko. Muchinyorwa chedu nhasi tichave tichidzidza zvishoma nezve tsika dzeMayan, kunyanya nezvekwakabva uye kuti vakave sei mamwe emarudzi akakosha uye ane simba munhoroondo yeMexico nepasirese.
Haisi chakavanzika kune chero munhu kuti maMayans anoonekwa seimwe yeanonyanya kunakidza tsika munyika. Iyo Mayan cosmogony yakakomberedzwa nengano dzinonakidza, ngano uye zvitendero zvakakosha kuziva. Dzakawanda dzeidzi nhau namagamuchidzanwa zvinoramba zviri zvipenyu mundangariro dzaavo vachiri nanhasi vanonamata nokuremekedza iyi tsika inofadza yomunguva yakapfuura.
Gara nesu uye unakirwe nerwendo rwakakwana kuburikidza neMayan cosmogony, kuti yakatanga sei, ndedzipi ngano dzayo dzakanyanya kukosha uye zvitendero, uye nei ichionekwa seimwe yetsika dzenhoroondo pasi rose. VaMaya vakasiya nhaka huru yekukosha kusingaverengeki mukushandira vanhu.
Chii chinonzi Mayan cosmogony?
Kunyangwe chiri chokwadi kuti iri izwi rinozivikanwa nevakawanda, harina kumbonyanya kutsanangura zvatiri kureva kana tichitaura nezveMayan cosmogony. Nemashoko mashoma, ibazi reAstronomy iro rinonyanya kuita basa rekudzidza zvese nezve kwakabva uye nekushanduka kwepasirese.
Ngatiyeukei kuti zvizvarwa zveMayan zvine muono chaiwo pamusoro pechadenga nemaumbirwo acho. Ivo vaidavira kuti kwakanga kune nhevedzano yomusikirwo munyika, umo imwe neimwe yenyeredzi inogara muchadenga chikuru chokunze yaimirira vamwari uye vavaishandisa kunamata nokunamata kwavari.
VaMayans vakaona cosmos pamwe chete uye izvo zvakavabvumira kunzwisisa zviri nani kuvapo sezvavaizviziva uye zvaizovapa mhinduro kumibvunzo yakawanda yaiwanzobvunzwa.
Cosmological chiono cheMaya
Tsika yeMayan yainyanya kuzivikanwa nekusimudzira maonero ayo epasirese. Kubva ipapo vakagadzira zvitendero zvinoverengeka zvavakachengeta kwemakore mazhinji. Vakavakira chiono chavo chomudenga padzidziso huru: Vaidavira kuti chinhu chiri chose chiri muchadenga chinomirira kurongeka uye icho chairatidzirwa nechimwe nechimwe chezviitiko zvakaitika muchadenga.
Nyeredzi dzinomiririra mumwe nemumwe wevamwari vetsika yeMayan uye ndizvo chaizvo nyeredzi dzaive nebasa rekutungamira hupenyu hwavo uye kwavanofanira kuenda. Mumashoko mashoma, hupenyu hwevaMayans hwaienderana zvakananga nenyeredzi. Hapana chavakaita vasina kurairwa.
VaMayans vakadudzira uye vakarondedzera nyika, kuvapo kwezvisikwa zvipenyu, nzvimbo, nguva nechadenga uye zvakasikwa. Maererano nemafungiro eMayan nemafungiro, kuvapo kwemunhu kunoratidzwa nemaonero avo ehupenyu nehupenyu, apo huzivi hwavo hwehupenyu hunotarisana nekugara zvakanaka, pamwe nekugara zvakanaka pamweya.
Mayan cosmogony: kusikwa kwenyika
Haisi chakavanzika kune ani zvake kuti maMayans ekare akavakira hupenyu hwavo pane zvavanotenda, kwete zvehuzivi chete asiwo zvechitendero. Kune iri dzinza rechizvarwa, vamwari vakaita basa rinokosha muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Chiratidzo chake chese pamusoro penyika uye kusikwa kwayo kunogona kuwanikwa mune chinyorwa cheMayan chinozivikanwa sePopol Vuh.
Muchinyorwa ichocho chenhoroondo, vaMaya vaive vachitungamira kusiya maonero avo pamusoro pekuti vaitenda sei kuti nyika yakasikwa. Kuburikidza neichi chinyorwa, vaMayans vanotsanangura zvakadzama mavambo omunhu nechisiko chapose pose. Iyo Mayan cosmogony iripo mumutsara wega wega weiri basa rekunyora, uko kusikwa kunoitika kuburikidza neakasiyana eras cosmic, nekuvapo kwevamwari vengano vanopa hupenyu uye chimiro kune zvakasikwa.
Maererano neMayan cosmogony, kuumbwa kwechadenga hakuna kutanga nemunhu. Vanoti kusika kwakatanga nezvirimwa, kukazotevera mhuka, uye pakupedzisira munhu akasikwa.
Mayan cosmology uye vamwari vayo vakuru
Vanamwari vakaita basa rinokosha mutsika dzeMayan. Kune iri boka redzinza, vamwari vaikosha zvikuru, vaitoonekwa sevanhu vengano vaiva nomutoro wokumirira masimba masimba. Paive nevamwari vazhinji vevaMaya, zvisinei pakati pevakanyanya kukosha isu tinogona kudoma zvinotevera:
- Hunab Ku: Mwari weZuva kana Ishe wematenga. Mufananidzo mukuru wevaMaya uye waiva pamusoro pevamwe vamwari.
- Chac: Mwari wemvura uye kubereka: Simba rekusika remunhu
- Yun kaax: Mwari wezviyo. Inodzorwa nenheyo dzakangwara dzepamusoro semhuka. zvirimwa, zvicherwa, nezvimwe.
- Ah Puch: Mwari werufu. Akatonga kukara, usimbe, shanje, kuwedzera kune post-motem states.
- Kauil: Mwari wemoto. Moto mutsvene wemukati, simba remweya.
- Ix Chel: Mwarikadzi weMwedzi. raimiririra musimboti wechikadzi nechirume chisingaperi.
mayan universes
Ngationei muchikamu chino chechinyorwa chedu kuti chiono icho vaMayans vaive nacho nezvechadenga chaive sei. Maererano neMayan cosmogony, chadenga chakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu. Kune rumwe rutivi vanotsanangura denga, iro rakave rakaumbwa nemazinga gumi nematatu. VaMayans vaitenda kuti nyeredzi dzinogara mudenga uye vamwe vamwari vakaita seZuva, Mwedzi, Venus uye vese vanomiririrwa nemhuka dzakadai senyoka, macaws, pakati pevamwe.
Chikamu chechipiri umo pasi rose rakakamurwa maererano nemaMayans raiva Nyika. Maererano nechiratidzo cherudzi urwu, Nyika inoyangarara pamusoro pemvura uye inomiririrwa mudzvinyu guru uye kubva mairi, zvinomera zvinowana simba. Pakupedzisira tinowana chetatu chedenga, chinotongwa nevamwari gumi nevaviri verufu.
Ava vamwari gumi nevaviri verufu vaigara pasi penyika uye vakaonekwa semadzishe eXibalbá. Yakanga iri nzvimbo iyo vanhu vaisuka zvivi zvavo kuburikidza nenzara, zvirwere, marwadzo uye rufu.
MaMayans uye Popol Vuh
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda pamusoro pechiratidzo icho vaMayans vaiva nacho pamusoro pekusikwa kwezvinhu zvose, zvakakosha kutendeukira kuPopol Vuh, asi unoziva zvazvinoreva here? Icho chinyorwa chepakutanga apo vaMayans vakatora maonero avo ose pamusoro pezvakasikwa uye mavambo acho.
Iri bhuku rinoyera rinobatanidza maonero enyika echinyakare ichi, pamusoro pekuratidza kuburikidza nemapeji ayo chiziviso chepasi rose pamusoro pechimiro chenyika. Kuburikidza nePopol Vuh, maMayans vanopa chiono chavo chekuti vanotenda sei kuti nyika yakasikwa uye vaive vanhu vekutanga kugara mairi.
MuPopol Vuh kutaurwa kwakakosha kunoitwawo nevamwari uye chii chaive basa iro vanamwari ava vakazadzikisa mukuita kwekusika munyika. Kune vaMayans, vamwari vainyanya kukosha uye izvi zvinogona kuonekwa mumapeji ebhuku rino dzvene, apo kunotaurwa kuti vamwari vakapesvedzera zvakananga hupenyu uye magumo evanhu.
Mayan mythology
VaMaya vakavakira zvitendero zvavo nechitendero pakuvapo kwevamwari vakasiyana-siyana vavaimbonamata kwavari. Hapana mubvunzo kuti ngano dzeMayan ndeimwe yeanonyanya kufadza munyika. Inoratidzwa nekupfuma uye kuburikidza nayo tinogona kudzidza nyaya dzinonakidza pamusoro pemasikirwo enyika.
Mazhinji enganonyorwa dzeMayan idzi anogona kuwanikwa mugwaro rekare rakasiiwa nebudiriro iyi uye parizvino rinoonekwa serimwe remabasa anokatyamadza ezvinyorwa zveMesoamerican.
Ko Mayan cosmogony inopa chero chinhu chakafanana neGreek cosmology?
Pane zvakawanda zvinosangana pakati peimwe cosmogony neimwe. Chokwadi ndechekuti vese vaMaya nevaGiriki vaive nemuono wakada kufanana pamusoro pekuvapo kwepasirese. Zvinhu zvakafanana zvinoratidzwa mutsika mbiri idzi, semuenzaniso maererano nezvose zviri zviviri cosmogony, pakanga paine humambo hutatu kana matenga, anotsanangurwa sedenga, pasi uye pasi penyika.
Chimwe chiitiko pakati peMayan cosmogony neGreek cosmology chine chekuita nevamwari. Pazviono zvose zviri zviviri, matenga matatu arondedzerwa pamusoro apa akanga ari pasi pesimba ravamwari. Mwari Zeus aitonga denga nePasi, mwari Poseidon aitonga pamusoro pegungwa, ukuwo mwari weHadhesi aitonga nyika yepasi.
Ava vamwari, kupfurikidza namasimba avo nounhu, vakashandisa simba pachinhu chiri chose chiri muchadenga, kubatanidza upenyu hwavanhu.
Unogonawo kufarira zvinyorwa zvinotevera: