Funga kuti maitiro akadzidzwa sei kubva kuzvizvarwa zvakapfuura uye zvemazuva ano tsika dzakasiyana uye dzinosanganisira hunhu hwakasiyana, hunhu uye zvinangwa. Ziva zvakasiyana-siyana marudzi etsika muchinyorwa chino!
marudzi etsika
Usati wadzidza nezvemhando dzakasiyana dzetsika dziripo, zvakakosha uye zvakakosha kuti unyatsojekesa nezve tsika chii?
Tsika izwi rinoreva gungano rakakura uye rakasiyana rezvinhu zvisingabatike zvehupenyu hwemagariro.
Muchidzidzo chezvemagariro evanhu, inodyidzana zvakananga nehunhu, zvitendero, masisitimu emitauro, kutaurirana uye maitiro ayo vanhu vakafanana uye izvo zvinowanzoshanda kuzvitsanangura seboka. Izvi zvinosanganisirawo zvinhu zvenyama zvinozivikanwa neboka iroro kana nzanga.
Kana tichitaura nezvetsika, hatisi kutaura nezvemaitiro emagariro uye mamiriro ehupfumi munharaunda, zvisinei, yakabatana navo. Rinoreva zvakanyanya kumhedzisiro yekudyidzana kwevanhu.
Pfungwa yaro inosiyana uye yakatsanangurwa patsva kakawanda, zvichiita kuti zvitiomere kumisa imwe chete. Izvi zvine akati wandei maitiro, ayo anotangwa kubva kune akasiyana siyana tsanangudzo dziripo:
- Itsika inodzidzwa.
- Hazvina musoro.
- Zvinosanganisira maitiro, hunhu uye ruzivo.
- Inosanganisira zviro zvenyama.
- Inogoverwa nenhengo dzenzanga.
- Tsika ndeye super organic, ine "hupenyu hwayo"
- Inoonekwa seyakajairika uye ine njere.
- Inopfuudzwa pakati penhengo dzenzanga, kubva kune chimwe chizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe.
- Inoramba ichichinja, ine simba uye inosiyana kubva kunharaunda kuenda kune imwe.
- Motokari yayo huru mutauro.
Zvose zvakadzidzwa uye zvakagoverwa muhupenyu hwemunharaunda, inofungidzirwa setsika, ine humwe hunhu, iyo, inogadziriswa kune mamwe maitiro, inobvumira kuti iite mumhando dzakasiyana dzetsika, iyo inotibvumira kusiyanisa imwe kubva kune imwe. Pakati pemhando dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dzetsika tinowana:
Mhando dzetsika zvichienderana nenzvimbo kana nzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika
Izvi zvinoenderana nechikamu chekuyamura kwepasi uko kune imwe nyika, nharaunda, zvichingodaro. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
zvepasi rose
Panyaya yetsika dzepasirese, mhando ina huru dzetsika dzinowanzo zivikanwa pasi rese:
- Tsika dzekuMadokero
Izwi tsika dzekumadokero iyo inzira yekutsanangura tsika yenyika dzeEurope, pamwe chete neavo vakave vakapesvedzerwa zvakasimba nekubva kune iyi kondinendi, yakadai seUnited States, zvisinei, vazhinji vanongozvitsanangura setsika yekumadokero kwehemisphere yepasi.
Tsika iyi ine mabviro ayo muGreco-Roman classical nhanho uye gare gare kubuda kwechiKristu, kutenderera kwezana ramakore regumi nemana.
Mukuwedzera, kune aya anowedzerwa mamwe mapoka emadzinza nemitauro, kusanganisira Latins, Celts, Germanic and Hellenic. Nhasi pesvedzero yetsika yokuMadokero hairambiki uye inogona kuonekwa munenge marudzi ose etsika munyika.
- Tsika dzekuMabvazuva
Tsika yekuMabvazuva inoreva zvinhu zvakadzidzwa uye zvakagovaniswa munzanga dzeFar East, ndiko kuti, yekumabvazuva kwehemisphere, iyo inosanganisira nyika dzakadai seChina, Japan, Vietnam, North uye South Korea uye Indian subcontinent.
SokuMadokero, tsika yokuMabvazuva yakapesvedzerwa zvakasimba norudzidziso munhano dzarwo dzapakuvamba, mukuwedzera kunhambo youpenyu yezvirimwa zvomupunga, chimwe chezvokudya zvayo zvikuru.
Tsika dzekuFar East, dzakaratidza misiyano kubva kutsika dzeWestern Hemisphere, kazhinji dzichitarisa kune mufaro unopiwa nezivo uye kunzwisisa kwenyika yedu yemukati, saka pane musiyano mudiki pakati penzanga yenyika nehuzivi hwechitendero.
- Latin tsika
Marudzi mazhinji anotaura chiSpanish anozviona sechikamu chetsika iyi, zvisinei, inotsanangurwa setsika yenzvimbo yakapararira yenzvimbo, inobatanidza nzvimbo dzeCentral America, South America, uye Mexico, uko Spanish kana Portuguese ndiyo mitauro inotonga. .
Pakutanga, izwi rekuti Latin America raishandiswa neFrench geographer kusiyanisa mitauro yeLatin kwakabva.
Nekudaro, kunyangwe Spain nePortugal dziri mukondinendi yeEurope, dzinoonekwa sedzinonyanya kufurira kana mudzi weinozivikanwa seLatin tsika, mapoka kana anotsanangura vanhu vanoshandisa mitauro yakabva muchiLatin kana Romance mitauro.
- Middle East tsika
Nyika dzeMiddle East dzine zvinhu zvishoma chete zvakafanana, zvisinei, zvingakushamisa iwe kuti dzakasiyana uye dzakasiyana sei tsika dzadzo, pakati pemhando dzetsika dziripo pasi rose.
Nzvimbo iyi ine nyika dzinosvika makumi maviri, uko mutauro wechiArabu unozivikanwa mudunhu rese, asi matauriro akasiyana-siyana aripo anowanzoita kuti kutaurirana pakati pawo kunetse.
Rudzidziso netsika zvakabatana zvikuru, chiri chimwe chinhu icho nyika dzokuMiddle East dzine zvakafanana. Nyika idzi, kwazvakaberekerwa chiJudha, Chikristu neIslam, dzinochengeta hupenyu hwechitendero hune kushingaira.
- Tsika dzemuAfrica
Africa ndiyo kondinendi uko hupenyu hwevanhu hwakatangira uye hwakatamira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi zviuru zvishoma zvemakore apfuura, tichiverenga pakati pe120.000 ne60.000 makore.
Izvi zvinosimbiswa nekuda kwekuferefeta kwakasiyana pamagenome emunhu etsika dzakasiyana, kuyedza kutsvaga DNA yavo kune madzitateguru akafanana. Chimwe chikamu cheruzivo chinopihwa neakasiyana marekodhi ezvicherwa, izvo zvakapesvedzera dzimwe dzedzidziso idzi.
Africa imusha kune dzakasiyana siyana dzemarudzi, madzinza nemapoka emagariro, akagoverwa pakati penyika makumi mashanu neina dzekondinendi yeAfrica, saka zviri nyore kuburitsa hukuru hwakasiyana hwetsika, zvitendero, tsika uye hunyanzvi hwekutaura hunoonekwa mukati. ivo. Kondinendi yakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri etsika:
- Maodzanyemba kweAfrica inzvimbo ine simba rakasimba kubva kuMiddle East, zvakanyanya nekuda kwekukunda kweMuslim kwakapararira munzvimbo iyi.
- Sub-Saharan Africa, inozivikanwa seBlack Africa, yakaparadzaniswa kubva kuchamhembe negwenga reSahara, ine vanhu vanopfuura mazana mapfumbamwe emamiriyoni, inzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana uye ine tsika dzakasiyana, uko kunotaurwa mitauro nemitauro yakawanda. . Inogona kunzi yakapfuma zvikuru kana tichitaura nezvetsika, kunyange apo chokwadi chayo chezvemari nenzanga chingave chinotyisa.
Local
Kana tichitaura nezvetsika yenzvimbo, ndiyo ine hukama nenzvimbo diki, dzakananga, dzakaganhurirwa kana nzvimbo dzenzvimbo:
- tsika yenyika
Izvo zvese zvinomiririra, zviratidzo kana zvinhu zverudzi kana nyika uye zvinozivikanwa sezvavo.
Kunorangarirwa sokuzivikanwa uye kunzwa kwokuva wenhengo dzose dzenzanga yakati. Tsika yenyika inoreva iyo yenyika imwe neimwe: tsika yeSpanish, tsika yeItaly, tsika yeArgentina, nezvimwe.
- tsika dzenharaunda
Ndiyo imwe inoitika munzvimbo chaidzo dzenyika, matunhu ane tsika dzawo, madhishi emunharaunda uye zvinonaka, madimikira, hunhu, tsika nemagariro.
Maererano nekuwedzera kwayo: Mhando dzetsika
Izvi zvinomiririra tsika dzakasiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yainofukidza uye kuoma kwayo:
- pasi rose
Vanogona kutsanangurwa semamwe mataurirwo akajairika uye modhi. kuti tsika dzese dzevanhu dziri panyika dzine. Mune mamwe mazwi, ese mativi umo ruzhinji rwevanhu runopindirana kana kuita seyakajairika.
- muunganidzwa
Kana tsika dzese dzataurwa, ndeye izvo zvakabatanidzwa nehunhu hwenzvimbo imwe neimwe kana nzanga, kureva, izvo zvinosiyanisa zveimwe neimwe yenyika.
- kunyanya
Zvakanyanya kufanana nezwi rekuti subculture, ndeizvo zvitendero, tsika, mataurirwo ehunyanzvi, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvakagovaniswa nerimwe boka revanhu uye zvinomiririra chikamu chetsika yakazara, asi izvo zvakasiyana nevamwe. Muenzaniso wakanyatsojeka itsika dzakasiyana dzinogara munyika.
Maererano nepfungwa yevakadzi
Kana zvine hukama nenzira dzekuronga nzanga yakanangidzirwa kana kuti yakavakirwa pamurume kana mukadzi, ichinyanya mhando mbiri:
- Matriarchy
Matriarchal societies ndeaya apo vakadzi vanotungamira nekutonga zvematongerwo enyika, zvemagariro uye zvehupfumi zvedhorobha. Kunyange zvazvo nzanga yakadaro isati yanyanyozivikanwa nhasi, kuchine mamwe mativi enyika, uko rudzi urwu rwetsika runogara.
Mimwe mienzaniso yetsika dzematriarchal ndeiyi: Mosuo (China), Minangkabau (Indonesia) Bribri (Costa Rica), Umoja (Kenya).
- Patriarchy
Igadziriro yenzanga, apo varume, vangava vabereki kana kuti vakuru, vane chiremera pamusoro peboka remhuri uye naizvozvo vazhinji vavo, somurudzi rwedare, vanotungamirira nzanga yose.
Maererano nehurongwa hwemagariro evanhu
Ndidzo tsika dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoitika mukati mevanhu vakafanana uye dziri pasi pesangano rayo rezvemagariro evanhu nehupfumi, kureva, iyo inopindura kune kusiyana kwemapoka evanhu, kuumbwa kwavo, kuwana simba, nezvimwewo. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- elitist tsika kana tsika yepamusoro
Ndiro rinowanzozivikanwa nemapoka emasimba mukati menzanga, iyo inounza pamwechete vatungamiriri vayo, vanhu vane mbiri uye dzimwe nhengo dzemapoka epamusoro. Inofungidzirwa inopesana netsika yakakurumbira, sezvo inomiririra boka rakasarudzwa renzanga.
- Tsika dzakakurumbira
Inoonekwa sechikamu chetsika yakaderera uye sezita rayo rinoratidza, ese marudzi ehunyanzvi, tsika, tsika, zvitendero uye hunhu izvo zvinogadzirwa uye kukudziridzwa nepakati nepasi makirasi anonzi makirasi anozivikanwa kana maplebs.
- misa tsika
Zvinozivikanwawo setsika yeruzhinji, zviri kugutsikana uye mataurirwo anogadzirwa nevezvenhau, anosvika ese makirasi emagariro, ane masimba kana ane mukurumbira.
Zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira
Izvi zvinobva kana zvinoenderana nemhando dzekugadzirwa kwekugara kwevanhu izvo zvinowanzopesvedzera zvakananga kurongeka kwenharaunda yavo. Izvi ndezvi:
- vanotama-tama tsika
Iwo mataundi kana nharaunda dzisingagari munzvimbo chaiyo, asi dzinofamba kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe, kazhinji mataundi akazvipira kuunganidza, kuvhima, kufudza, uye vanopawo hunyanzvi hwavo muhunyanzvi kana mabasa emaoko kwese kwavanosvika.
Parizvino rudzi urwu rwetsika ruchiri kuchengetwa, semuenzaniso maEskimos (Greenland), Chichimecas (Mexico), maTuareg uye mamwe maBedouin.
- tsika dzekumaruwa
Inonzi yekumusha kana yekurima, nekuti hupenyu hwayo hwakanangana neminda nebasa rinoitwa mairi. Kazhinji inharaunda dziri kure nenzvimbo dzemumaguta, dzine tsika dzadzo, tsika uye matauriro uye maererano nenzvimbo yavanogara.
- tsika yemudhorobha
Rudzi urwu rwetsika rwakanyanya kutarisana nekutengeserana, ndicho chikonzero chinoberekwa kunyanya mumaguta makuru, umo ruzhinji rwevanhu vakasiyana-siyana hunoiswa.
Maererano nechitendero chechitendero
Maererano nezvitendero zvavo zvemashiripiti zvechitendero chenharaunda, tsika dzinogona kupatsanurwa kuita maviri:
- theistic tsika
Yakavakirwa pakutenda kwekuvapo kwemwari mumwe chete, ishe uye musiki wehupenyu, achiri mutoro pazviri, kurongeka kwayo uye regency. Izvi zvakare zvakakamurwa kuva:
-Monotheism: inotenda muna mwari mumwe, nekuti kune monotheist kune chimiro chimwe chete chaMwari.
-Henotheism: chitendero ichi chinobvuma kuti kune vamwari vakati wandei asi mumwe chete ndiye anonamatwa nekunamatwa nevakatendeka vake.
-Katenoteism: inodzivirira kuvapo kwevamwari vakati wandei, vachinamata mumwe panguva. Mwari mumwe nomumwe aiva nebasa chairo muchisiko chapose pose.
-Polytheism: inzira yechitendero inodzivirira kuvepo kwevamwari vakati wandei vaimiririra masimba echisikigo, nyika uye nheyo dzemadzitateguru. Vanogona kunamatwa vese, imwe panguva kana imwe chete.
- tsika dzisiri dzechitendero
Ivo havadziviriri kuvepo kwehumwari kana hukuru, musiki wepasi nehupenyu, ivo vanotenda mumasangano nemweya inoshanduka, inoshanduka uye inopfuura.
Maererano neruzivo rwekunyora
Idzi mhando dzetsika dzine chekuita neruzivo rwekunyora, izvo zvinobvumira kuronga, kutungamira uye kugadzirisa nharaunda nenzira dzakasiyana. Yakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri:
- tsika nemuromo
Ivo vanozivikanwawo setsika dzekare, sezvo vasina kugadzira masisitimu ekunyora, vachiendesa ruzivo rwavo, matauriro netsika nemuromo.
- tsika dzakanyorwa
Inoreva nzanga dzakapfuudza ruzivo rwavo netsika, kuburikidza nekunyora, mumhando dzayo dzakasiyana: hieroglyphic, pictographic, alfabheti, nezvimwe. Yakanyatsobatanidzwa netsika yokuverenga nokunyora muupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Mupfungwa yeanthropological
Muchiitiko ichi, zvinoreva maitiro, ngano, zvitendero, tsika dzechinyakare dzinotungamira uye kumisa kurongeka uye hunhu hwenhengo dzemamwe mapoka emagariro, zvichiratidza magariro akasiyana epasirese. Iyi ndiyo nyaya yeAztec tsika, Greco-Roman tsika, Mesopotamian tsika, pakati pevamwe vakawanda.
maererano nekukura kwayo
Irwo rudzi rwetsika ine hukama nedanho rekusimudzira nzanga, yakabatana zvakanyanya nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira uye kufambira mberi, izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Primitive tsika
Idzi nzanga, dzinowanzo zivikanwa nekuramba dzakazviparadzanisa nevamwe nekuda kwenzvimbo dziri kure dzavanogara uye kuve nharaunda diki, dzine sangano rakapfava remagariro uye tekinoroji, shanduko yemagariro kazhinji inononoka kana kusashanda.
Mune dzimwe dzetsika idzi, nhoroondo nezvitendero zvinopfuudzwa kuburikidza netsika yemuromo pasina nzira yekunyora uye inogona kunge iri nzvimbo yemunhu mumwechete kana boka, iro rinopomerwa chinangwa ichi. Ivo vanorangarirwa kuva vane budiriro isingachinjiki muzvinhu zvakawanda.
- tsika dzakabudirira
Budiriro yekutanga yakaumbwa apo vanhu vakatanga kubatana mumisha yemaguta, vamwe vachienderera mberi nemaitiro avo ekare, vamwe vachisarudza kuenderera mberi.
Tsika dzakasimukira dzinotarisa mukugadzira uye kuvandudza senzira yekuzvikunda, nekudaro ichigadzira chimiro chekirasi uye hurumende, kusimudzira uye kushandiswa kwekunyora, kutengeserana, mabasa ehunyanzvi, zvivakwa, zvivakwa zvemapapiro makuru nezvimwe.
Sezvo kusimukira kwesainzi uye tekinoroji zvinhu zvakakosha zverudzi urwu rwetsika, basa riri kuitwa kuitira kuti panguva ino izvi zvinotariswa zvakare pakuchengetedza nekuchengetedza nharaunda.
Zvinoenderana nekero yako
Ndiyo iyo inoreva izvo zvakasimbiswa nezvizvarwa zvakasiyana, zvingave kana kuti kwete zvakanangidzirwa kune hunyanzvi uye shanduko:
- Tsika dzePostfigurative
Matauriro, zvitendero uye tsika dzakatorwa kubva kuzvizvarwa zvakapfuura pasina mutsauko. Zvinowanzoitika mutsika dzechinyakare, uko dzidziso netsika dzavanasekuru nevabereki zvinopfuuridzirwa panguva ino, pasina kuchinjwa.
- Cofigurative Culture
Muchiitiko ichi, tsika uye zvitendero hazvisi kutorwa kubva kare, asi kubva kune vemazuva ano kana vezera, kuitira kuti vagadzire maitiro avo, maitiro, tsika uye zvitendero.
- kufananidzira tsika
Irwo rudzi rwetsika apo vechidiki vane hutsva uye vanotora zvizvarwa zvekare sereferensi, asi kwete segwara rekutevera. Zvizvarwa zvitsva zvinowanzoda kudzidzisa vanhu vakuru, kuvadzidzisa nyika itsva yeruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu.
Kubva pakuongorora maonero
Inofungidzirwa kuti hurongwa hwese kana boka revanhu rinosanganisira tsika yemagariro, saka inogona kuva chinhu chekuongorora nekudzidza. Mhando dzetsika idzi ndeidzi:
- Pfungwa Tsika
Ndidzo ruzivo, pfungwa uye tsika dzakaiswa mundangariro dzemunhu zvine ruremekedzo kune dzakasiyana siyana dzemhoteredzo yake uye dzinomuita akasiyana nevamwe vanhu nemapoka.
- Topical Culture
Tsika dzepamusoro-soro dzinowanzobatanidza madingindira kana zvikamu zvenzanga, kuti tinzwisise chimiro chayo. Misoro iyi inosanganisira chitendero, tsika, sangano revanhu, nezvimwe.
- tsika nemagariro Nhoroondo
Kana tichitaura nezvetsika dzezvakaitika kare, ndiyo inosimbisa ruzivo rwekare, hukama huripo pakati pevanhu uye nahwo, uye kubatsira kwayo munguva ino. Inogona kutsanangurwa senhaka yemagariro, nhevedzano yekumiririra, mifananidzo, mazano uye mazita anoumba iyo pfungwa yekare.
- tsika nemagariro Symbolic
Ndiyo iyo inoreva kufambiswa kwezivo, tsika, maitiro, tsika, nezvimwe, pakati pezvizvarwa kuburikidza nechiratidzo. Inotarisawo pane zvinoreva izvo boka revanhu rinopa kune zvakasiyana zvinhu uye nhengo dzenharaunda yavo.
mamwe marudzi etsika
Sezvatakambotaura pakutanga, kune akawanda marudzi etsika, sezvo paine akawanda maficha aanogona kurongeka nekurongeka, pazasi ini ndinopa mamwe marudzi etsika:
- zvinhu tsika
Rudzi urwu rwetsika runosanganisira zvinhu zvese zvenyama, zviwanikwa, uye nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa nevanhu kutsanangura tsika yavo. Izvi zvinosanganisira dzimba, zvikoro, machechi, mamosque, temberi, maindasitiri, mbatya, midziyo, nzira dzepasi, zvekushongedza, zvishongo, michina, zvinhu uye zvigadzirwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.
Zvese zvinhu zvakaitwa nemunhu uye zvakave nekushanduka kwemakore nekuda kwekugara zvakanaka uye kunyaradza zvakafanana, chikamu chetsika yezvinhu.
- tsika dzisiri dzenyama
Ndiyo imwe yemhando dzetsika dzinotarisa pazvinhu zvisingabatike zvinogadzirwa nenharaunda. Nemamwe manzwi, inounganidza pamwechete zvikamu zviya kana zvikamu zvetsika zvausingagoni kubata, kunzwa, kuravira kana kubata.
Mienzaniso yakajairika inosanganisira: mabasa munharaunda, tsika, zvitendero, kana mutauro. Rudzi urwu rwetsika rune simba guru uye rinokosha pahupenyu hwedu setsika yezvinhu.
- tsika nemagariro Ecological
Ecological tsika ruzivo rwese, tsika, tsika nezviito zvetsika nemagariro hunhu, zvakagarwa nhaka kana kudzidzwa, zvinosimudzira kuwirirana kwemaitiro emunhu kune zvakasikwa.
Inoratidzwa mukuzvibata uye kugadziridzwa kwayo mukutsvaga kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza uye kugadzira yakakwana yehupenyu hurongwa, kuvhara zvinodiwa zvehupenyu hune hutano, kusimudzira nekufambira mberi kwevanhu.
- tsika dzemitambo
Tsika yemitambo inotsvaga kuroverera mumapoka akasiyana emagariro mamiriro uye kutarisirwa kwemuviri uye hutano kuburikidza nemitambo yemuviri nemitambo.
Pamusoro peizvi, inotsvaga kukudziridza uye kukurudzira mitambo, kuchinja uye kubatanidzwa kwevanhu, kukwikwidzana kwakanaka uye kudzidziswa kwega, asi kusimbisa zvisungo zvinopa munhu mukana wekuzviratidza mukati meboka kana boka.
- Tsika dzorugare
Ndiyo iyo inotsvaga kudzivirira uye kubvisa mhirizhonga yemhando ipi zvayo, inotarisa pakurwisana kwekuremekedzwa nekusimudzirwa kwekodzero, rusununguko, kugara zvakanaka uye kururamisira kwevanhu vose.
Chinangwa chayo ndechekuvaka nzanga ine runyararo, kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwezvishandiso uye mazano ekugadzirisa kusawirirana nekusawirirana kumwechete pasi rose.
- Tsika dzesangano
Tsika yesangano ndiyo inosanganisira huzivi, zvinotarisirwa, zviitiko uye kurongeka kwesangano, pamwe nehunhu hunoshanda segwara rekuita, kushanda kwemukati, kudyidzana nekunze uye zvirongwa uye zvinotarisirwa mune ramangwana.
Zvinoonekwa sehunhu, hunhu uye zvinotendwa zvakagovaniswa, izvo zvine pesvedzero pane vanhu vesangano, zvichiraira mapfekero avanofanira kuita, kuita uye kuita basa ravo.
Sangano rega rega rine uye rinochengetedza imwe uye yakasarudzika tsika, zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa, zvido uye zvinotarisirwa, iyi iri iyo inopa nhungamiro nemiganhu yemaitiro enhengo dzayo.
Tinokukoka iwe kuti utarise zvimwe zvinonakidza zvinyorwa pane yedu blog: