Masvosve anoumba imwe yemhuri dzakanyanya kuwanda mumhando uye yakapararira mukati kana kunenge pasirese, muchinyorwa chino iwe uchakwanisa kuwana zvese nezve makirasi uye marudzi emasvosve. Tichadzidza pamusoro pechirango chavo uye kurongeka. Usarega kuiverenga!
Hunhu hwemajuru
Ivo ndevekurongeka kweHymenoptera, kune suborder ye formicids, ivo vanoumba imwe yemhuri dzakawanda kwazvo mumhando dziri munenge pasirese, inofungidzirwa kuti inomiririra pakati pe15% ne25% pamusoro penyika, vanopa kugona kukuru kwekugadzirisa.kune nzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekugara.
Mhando dzakasiyana dziripo dzine hunhu hwadzo hunoita kuti mhuka dzisiyane kubva kune imwe neimwe, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kune marudzi anodarika 20.000 XNUMX emasvosve. Masvosve anopa maitiro akajairwa kana hunhu pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzezvipenyu, izvo zvaticharatidza pazasi.
Zvokudya
Kudyisa kuchave kwakavakirwa pahunhu hwezvipenyu, kune izvo zvinodya pane essences izvo zvavanotora kubva mumaruva nemichero, zvimwe kubva muzvirimwa mumashizha akawanda, dzinde, midzi uye kune mamwe mapoka anodya anodya zvipembenene zvakafa senge. nhunzi nemapete pakati pezvimwe. Ivo vanonyanya kukwezvwa nezvihwitsi kana zvinotapira zvinhu kubva kune hove izvo zvavanotarisira mumakoloni.
Habitat uye kugarisana
Tinogona kuvawana munenge munyika yose kunze kweAntarctica. Zvipembenene izvi zvinochera muvhu kana matanda pamwe chete nemadziro, zvinogona kuvaka matendere akaoma zvikuru anogona kuva nenhamba huru yemagalari. Masvosve anogara mumikoko inonzi hormigueros.d
Kurongeka kwavo uye kurangwa kwavo kunooneka munzanga dzavanoumba, dzinoumba makoroni anoumba nhengo dzinopfuura zviuru gumi umo tinogona kuwana kugarisana kwakanaka sezvo mumwe nomumwe achiomerera kubasa rinoenderana naye mumhuri iyoyo.
Nguva yehupenyu
Nguva yehupenyu inosiyana murudzi rwega ega, zvakatipoteredza zvinopesvedzera uye basa rinoitwa nemunhu wega wega mukati meboka richacherechedzwa.Mahosi anorarama kwenguva yakareba kudarika vashandi, kubva pamwedzi kusvika kumakore akati wandei.
maitiro uye kuronga
Sezvaratidzwa pamusoro apa, masvosve anoratidzirwa nekurongeka kwawo uye nekugoverwa kwawo uye mabasa ayo rimwe nerimwe rinoita mukati meboka. Pasinei nekushamwaridzana nevanhu, kazhinji vanoitira godo imba yavo.Havabvumi kusanganiswa kwemapoka. Izvo zvakakosha kuratidza kuti timu uye basa remunhu rinovimbisa kuti munhu wese anochengetana uye nekudaro kuchengetedzwa kwekoloni yavo.
Sainzi yemyrmecology iyo inoona nezvezvidzidzo zvemajuru uko inodzidza kupatsanurwa nemhando dzemasvosve nehukama hwawo pakati pawo uye nemhoteredzo, boka rega rega rine hunhu hunoita kuti zviome kuzvidzidza. Musoro wechimiro chayo ndihosi, kazhinji mukadzi akakura uye anobereka.
Kukurukurirana
Kutaurirana kwemasvosve ndiko kunhuhwirira, mapheromones ndiwo musimboti mukuru, kuburikidza nawo masvosve anotaurirana, boka rimwe nerimwe rinoburitsa mapheromones akasiyana-siyana anovabvumira kusiyanisa pakati pavo nemamwe makoroni, vanogona kusiyanisa kana meseji iri. yambiro yenjodzi kana simba.
Pheromones zviratidzo zvemakemikari, majuru anoratidza kukura kukuru kupfuura mamwe mapoka ehymenoptera. Masvosve anoona kunhuwa kuburikidza nenharembozha antennae, achiwana ruzivo nezve gwara uye kusimba kwekunhuhwirira. Sezvo vachiwanzogara pasi, vanoshandisa nzvimbo yepasi kusiya nzira dzekuti mamwe majuru atevere.
Ant Classification
Kupatsanurwa kwemukati memhuri imwe neimwe kunounza kunetsa pakuita ongororo yekuumbwa kwemasvosve mukati, asi tichingotaurawo mamwe mabasa kana zvinzvimbo zviri mumasangano mazhinji ezvemagariro evanhu kana masvosve.Pazasi tichataura mamwe classifications :
Mambokadzi svosve
Ndivo pakati pekutariswa kwekoroni, hupenyu hunotenderera pavari, basa ravo nderekuberekana, vane hupenyu hurefu kupfuura mamwe masvosve, hapana mambokadzi mumwe sezvaifungwa, panogona kunge paine akati wandei zvichienderana ne kugoverwa kwemhuri duku . Vanogona kurarama kusvika kumakore makumi matatu kana pasina matambudziko ekunze nekoloni. Mambokadzi anogona kusiya boka rake oita chisvosve chakasiyana kana achida.
Mushandi Ant
Inomiririra huwandu hukuru hwenhengo dzeanthill, basa rayo nderekuita basa rakaoma uye kusimbisa mabasa aakapihwa achifunga nezvemamiriro uye boka remhuri, hupenyu hwayo hunobva kune rimwe kusvika kumakore matatu. Mamwe emabasa anoitwa nevashandi:
Mukoti Mushandi Sjuru
Kubva pakuzvarwa, basa rayo nderekuitira mambokadzi, kutarisira chikafu chayo, kushambidzika, mazai kana chero chiitiko chinosanganisira kubatanidzwa kwevahosi kana vahosi.
Murimi Mushandi Sjuru
Vashandi, kana vaine nguva uye kukura kunofanirwa kutarisana nenyika, vanoenda kunotora mashizha, kushanda muzvikwata zvakarongeka uye kugadzira kugadzirwa kukuru kwemapheromones, kana vachiwana chikafu chavo vanowedzera kunhuhwirira kwavo kumaka uye kuratidza imwe. majuru ari muboka rawo uye anounza zvokudya kuna mambokadzi Boka rimwe nerimwe rine hwema hunovazivisa uye hunhu hweboka rega rega.
Vanonzi varimi nekuti kana vaunganidza mashizha vanoendwa navo kumasvosve kuti vamirire kuti aore vodyisa fungu rinobereka gongylidia zvoita kuti chisvosve chose chidye.
Mushandi Wezvipfuyo Mujuru
Vanoita hurongwa hwevarimi asi kana vari ivo vanochengeta hove dzinoidya uye dzinoburitsa chinhu chinotapira chinokoshera majuru.
Murwi Mushandi Ant
Ivo vari kutungamira kuchengetedza, vanoita patrol uye vanozivisa dzimwe nhengo dzevangangodaro vavengi, yavo yekutaurirana system mapheromones, aya anonhuwirira akasiyana zvichienderana nenyaya yavanoda kutaurirana kana chiri chikafu kana chengetedzo uye inosiyana pakati pemakoloni. . Kana musoja akamaka chimwe chipembenene kana muvengi nekunhuwira kwengozi mamwe majuru ose achaita seari kurwisa.
svosve murume
Nguva yehupenyu hwavo ipfupi kwazvo, kazhinji mavhiki mashoma, basa ravo guru nderekuita rwendo rwekuroora kunoisa fetereza mushandi anozova mambokadzi.
marudzi emajuru
Defence system yemajuru inobaiwa nema generator, kazhinji inorwadza nekunetsa asi hairatidzi kusvotwa kukuru asi mukati merudzi rwuripo pane imwe type yemajuru anoruma anogona kukonzeresa zvakanyanya, we will group the mhando dzemajuru mune chepfu uye kwete chepfu kana kugadzirwa kumba, isu ticharatidza maitiro akatanhamara eboka rega rega.
majuru ane chepfu
Muboka iri mune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipenyu dzinonzi dzine chepfu, kusimba uye njodzi yekukuvadzwa kwainoburitsa inosiyana zvakanyanya, tinogona kuwana majuru ane kuruma kusingarevi njodzi huru kuvanhu asi kune dzimwe mhuka, zvichikonzera mutsara. of complications uye Kune mamwe mapoka ane kuruma kune ngozi zvose kumunhu uye kune dzimwe mhuka, muzviitiko zvakawanda kunotungamirira kurufu. Mamwe marudzi emajuru ane chepfu:
Bullet Ant
Mujuru werudzi urwu unonzi Paraponera Clavata kana kuti sekuzivikanwa kunoita svosve nekuda kwemarwadzo anokonzerwa nekurumwa kwaro kufanana neanoitwa nebara, kurwadza kwarinoita kunofananidzwa neapo anokonzerwa nekuboora kwenyava, zvichiwedzera kurwadziwa kwaro. dzinenge ka30.. Mushure mekurumwa kwayo, inoperekedzwa nekuzvimba munzvimbo inobatwa nekurumwa, spasms, dikita rakawanda uye kufamba munhengo yakabatwa inogona kurasika. Vanogona kuwanikwa muSouth America sekuVenezuela, Brazil, Paraguay, Nicaragua.
bulldog svosve
Masvosve eMyrmecia kana kuti hofori yeAustralia kana sekuzivikanwa kwainoitwa sebulldog svosve, zita rayo rinobva pashaya yaro yakakura uye yakasimba, dzine ruvara rweyero neruvara dzvuku nebrown, painoruma inoburitsa chepfu ine simba inoita kuti pave nekupisa. ganda, richisiya mavanga zvachose . Ivo vari muAustralia neCaledonia.
Black Fire Ant
Solenopsis Richteri kana svosve dema rine zita raro kune ruvara dema rine mavara emoto, ivo vanonyanya kushingaira uye vane hasha kuruma kwavo kune simba uye kune chepfu kunokonzera kusagadzikana nguva dzose uye marwadzo anopinda akafanana nekurumwa kwewava. Inorwisa munhu kana yavhiringidzwa neizvi mumhuka kana dzichida kurwisa mhuka dzadzo.
moto svosve
Zita resvosve iri rinokonzerwa nekunzwa kupisa, kupisa nekutsva kunokonzerwa nekurumwa nerudzi urwu, rine simba uye hutsinye, muviri waro wakatsvuka uye bvudzi rakatsvuka, uturu hwavo hunogona kukonzera marwadzo anopinda mukati uye kusvotwa mumunhu. mune dzimwe mhuka diki kana mwana anogona kukonzera rufu. Kudya kwavo kazhinji nyama, bota, mhodzi nemiriwo.
african ant
Pachycondyla analis kana Megaponera foetens, inozivikanwa sesvosve remuAfrica, iri kuAfrica Continent mumaguta eSenegal, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon neTogo. pakati pehunhu hwerudzi urwu, shaya nemboro zvinomira pachena, shaya yaro yakaita katatu-nhatu muchimiro, ine simba guru uye ine simba, sezvinoita rumborera, musanganiswa wezvose zviri zviviri zvinokwanisa kubaya ganda kuti uzivise chinhu chinouraya.
dracula ant
Adetomyrma venatrix inozivikanwa seDracula svosve nekuda kwetsika isina kujairika yekunwa ropa revana vayo. Yakawanikwa munguva pfupi yapfuura.
Masvosve Asina Muchetura kana Mumba
Muboka iri mune zviuru zvezvipenyu zvakaparadzirwa munzvimbo zhinji dzepasirese, vanowanzoruma kuzvidzivirira asi hazvimiriri njodzi yehutano kunze kwekugadzira kutsva kuri nyore, vanogona kuwanikwa pauriri, madziro, sirin'i, huni uye zvakafanana. mamwe mapoka anopa sangano rakanyatsorongeka, mamwe marudzi akajairika:
muvezi svosve
Ivo chikamu cheCamponotus genus, zita ravo rinokonzerwa nekuti ivo vanovaka imba yavo mukati mehuni, vachiwedzera koloni yavo mumuti wese, vachikuvadza chimiro chayo. Aya masvosve anotsvaga huni dzakaora anopa mamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera kuti ararame, achifunga nezve mwando uye tembiricha. Ivo vanopa mhando dzakasiyana dzehukuru uye vanopa akasiyana makuru emavara akadai sematema, yero uye brown.
Havadyi pahuni, kudya kwavo kunosanganisira zvipembenene zvakafa, zvinhu zvinotapira kubva mumiti, maruva, michero, nyama nemafuta. Vanogona kuwanikwa muAmerica, Europe uye Africa
Argentina Ant
Linepithema humile kana svosve reArgentina rinowanikwa kuArgentina, Paraguay neUruguay uye parizvino rakapararira pasirese. Ivo vanoonekwa sehupukanana, vane hukasha uye nharaunda, zvichikonzera shanduko huru mune yavo ecosystem uye kushandura nharaunda yezvipenyu zvinogara zvakavapoteredza. Kazhinji vanoyera 2 uye 3 mm.
Leafcutter Ant
Iyo ndeyeAtta uye Acromyrmex genera. Iri nderimwe remarudzi akawanda kwazvo rinosanganisira anopfuura makumi mana emarudzi. Hurongwa hwayo hwehurongwa hwakaoma uye hunotsanangurwa, munhu wega wega ane basa raanofanira kuita, mambokadzi ndiye anotarisira kutsvaga makoroni uye kuberekana, masoja anodzivirira, maforoji anogadzira tunzira uye kutsvaga chikafu, varimi vebindu ndivo vanotungamira. kutarisira nekudzivirira fungus inoumba muminda, makonye nemazai mukugadzira.
Aya masvosve anowanikwa kubva kuPanama kuenda kuArgentina, anogona kukonzera kukanganisa kukuru kune ecosystem uye kukuvadza minda neminda yekofi, chibage uye nzimbe.
Imba Inonhuwira Masvosve
Tapinoma sessile inozivikanwa seshuga kana svosve, inobva kuUnited States, zita rayo rinobva mukunhuwa kwainopa kana yauraiwa. Vanoita makoroni avo chero madziro, sirin'i, pasi, hunde, chero nzvimbo yakanakira ivo. Kudya kwaro kunobva pamichero, zvipembenene uye nekita, inogona kuva chirwere kana isingadzorwi nenguva.
Red Wood Ant
Formica rufa kana svosve yehuni tsvuku yakajairika muEurope, inogona kuwanikwa mumasango munzvimbo dzakakura kwazvo dzevanhu vangangoita 200.000, inodya zvipembenene, zvirimwa, fungi nemiriwo.
mujuru
Messor barbarus kana svosve yegranary inowanikwa kuSpain, Italy, France neMorocco. Makoroni avo anosikwa pasi, pakati pezvavanoita hutsanana hunomira pachena, vanowanzozvichenesa ivo pachavo uye nzvimbo yavo mukati meanthill, varwi vane musoro mukuru, vanodya michero nemiriwo.
acrobat svosve
Svosve iri rinomira pachena nekuchinjika kwarinoratidza, rinogona kukotama roisa musoro padumbu kana pachipfuva, pakati pehunhu hwaro tinogona kutaura kuti dumbu raro rakaita semoyo, ruvara rweyero kana dema, nyuchi yaro inovakwa pamatanda akaora. kana kuti inenge yakaora pazviitiko zvishomanana mumatanda mune zvakanaka.
Munda Ant
Ivo vanowanikwa muminda neminda, vanovaka makoroni pasi vachigadzira mirwi yevhu, mavara avo ane brown, dema kana tsvuku kana kusanganiswa kweumwe neumwe, chikafu chavo chavanoda zvihwitsi, dzimwe nguva vanodya zvipembenene. Chimwe chinhu chakatanhamara ndechokuti vanoba makonye nezvipuka zvemamwe marudzi izvo zvinozozvichengeta mumapoka azvo zvoita nhapwa pazvinokura.
mujuru svosve
Anowanzo hombe, kubva pa6,25 kusvika 12,5 mm, uye ane vhudzi raanoshandisa kuchenesa makumbo nemaantennae. Vanowanikwa munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzakaoma. Dzakachena zvikuru dzinowanzochenesa nzvimbo dzakatenderedza koloni dzinochengeta mbeu mukati
Pavement Ant
Caespitum saizi yavo yepakati i3,2 mm kusvika 4,2 mm, ivo vane brown kusvika pakusviba, makumbo avo neantennae zvine brown brown. Pachipfuva vane tuma spines uye muviri wese une mvere. Inowanikwa kumba uye zvivakwa mukutsvaga chikafu, kuve iyo menyu yakavakirwa masiwiti nemafuta.
Nhema dzehuchi Ant
Aya masvosve anoita imba yawo mumatope, achidya mvura ine shuga yakawanda yaanochengeta mudumbu rawo uye anobva adzingwa kana mamwe masvosve achiida. Vashandi vanomira pachena nekuda kwemavara avo akasvibira, saizi yavo ndeye 3,2 kusvika 4,2 mm.
Hombe Yellow Ant
Iwo akatsvuka muruvara, agile, uye kuyera anenge 5 mm, iwo anovhiringika nemajuru. Inotsvaga kuita makoroni ayo muhunde dzakaora kana pasi pedombo, masvosve ayo anozivikanwa nehuwandu hwevhu hwaanofamba pamusuwo. Hazvikuvadzi uye vanoda zvokudya zvinotapira. Kana dzapwanyika dzinobudisa hwema hwakaipa.
Mbavha Ant
Ndiyo imwe yemhando diki, saizi yavo ndeye 1 kusvika 1,7 mm. Idzo dzakatsvuka nematoni ebrown, dzinogara mune mamwe masvosve uye dzinodya mapere, kudya kwavo kunoratidza mafuta, chizi uye nyama, havadyi zvinotapira.
svosve rinopenga
Longicornis kana svosve rinopenga majuru aya anoyera 2,5 mm uye ane ruvara rwakati piriviri; makumbo ayo uye antennae zvakakura mukuenzana nemuviri. Inogona kuwanikwa mukati meimba, zita rayo nekuda kwenzira isingadzoreki uye isina kutungamira iyo masvosve anoratidza mudzimba. Kudya kwavo kunobva pazvipembenene, mafuta uye zvihwitsi.
Mujuru Mutema
Imhando idiki kwazvo, inowanzoyera kusvika 1,7 mm uye ruvara rwayo rwutema. Inogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakavhurika uye mukuparara kwehuni kana cornice yezvivakwa, makoroni akawanda kwazvo. Vanodya pakuputika kwezvirimwa uye dzimwe nguva vanotsvaga dzimba dzekudya zvinotapira, mafuta kana miriwo.
Cornfield Ant
Zita rayo rerudzi urwu rinopihwa kuti riwanikwe zvakanyanya muzvirimwa zvechibage. Vanodya chikafu chinotapira, zvipembenene zvipenyu kana zvakafa, muto wezvirimwa, uye zvinhu zvinotapira zvinobva kumaaphid. Dzinowanzogadzira dendere radzo mumatanda akaora, hunde kana pasi pematombo.
majuru
Masvosve egirini ane zita rawo nekuti anoita koroni yawo pamisoro yemiti nemashizha uye sirika inowanikwa kubva kumakonye, izvi hazvipindi mvura, panguva yekugadzira koloni yavo vanopa mafomu ekuvaka pakati pavo.
Pharaoh Ant
Iri rudzi rwesvosve rinowanzo kuwanikwa munzvimbo ipi neipi yemba, kazhinji rinopinda munheyo, sirin'i, mapaipi, ndosaka zvichinetsa kuwana, ari yero ane dzvuku toni, anodya zvinotapira, muto. , uchi, zvipembenene zvakafa, nyama neropa zvinotarisa nzvimbo dzinopa kupisa uye hunyoro. Iwo akawanda kwazvo makoroni, vashandi vane saizi ye2,1 mm kusvika 5 mm. Vakuru vane mapapiro asi havabhururuke.
Velvety Muti Ant
Svosve iri rinoonekwa nedumbu rakaita nyoro uye rine silky, chipfuva charo chakatsvuka uye musoro waro mutema, vanoisa makoroni avo mumiti yakare kana pamakwati avo. Dzinodya marudzi ose ezvokudya kana zvipembenene zvakafa. Kuruma kwayo kunorwadza.
yellow masvosve
Iyo inonziwo zanconas, iyo yero ruvara inoita kuti ifanane nehama dzayo, huchi majuru, inonyatso kuchinjika kune chero mamiriro ekunze, saizi yaro inowanzoita 2 mm, kune akawanda makoroni uye inoshanda zvakanyanya uye inodya shuga yainobvisa kubva muzvirimwa. .
Masvosva Ane Musoro Mutsvuku
Inogamuchira zita rayo kubva mumhando yezvitsvuku izvo zvinopa pamuviri wayo, dumbu rayo rakasvibira mutsvuku, chipfuva chayo chakatsvuka uye musoro wayo wakatsvuka, dzinowanikwa kuchamhembe kweChile, kuruma kwayo kwakasimba uye kunobereka kukuru. kurwadziwa.
Mauto Masvosva
Inoratidzwa nenzira yayo yekuvhima, vanopa mazano makuru pavanenge vachivhima, vanogadzira mhirizhonga kana makoramu akawanda achipetuka mumakoramu kugadzira network uye kubata mhuka yavo, murwi uyu svosve rinodya nyama.
Usabva usina kutanga waverenga zvinyorwa zvinotevera:
Mhuka Dzakanyanya Kutyisa Munyika