Mepu yePalestine munguva yaJesu

Ongorora Mepu yePalestine munguva yaJesu Hune kukosha kwahwo, kunzwisisa zvakatowanda kukosha kweshoko uye ukuru hwaIshe. Nzvimbo dzakadai seGarireya, Rwizi rwaJodhani, Samariya neJudhiya dzine chokuita nemepu iyi. Mumukana uyu, zvinhu zvakaita sesangano rayo rezvematongerwo enyika, dzidziso dzebhaibheri, mapoka evanhu uye nezvimwe zvichakurukurwa zvakare.

Mepu yePalestine munguva yaJesu

Parizvino Palestine haisati yaonekwa senyika iri mukati mesangano reUnited Nations. Kunyange zvakadaro, inoonekwa sendima uye UN inobvuma chete semucherechedzi. Nekudaro, munhoroondo inoonekwa seNyika Tsvene, nharaunda iyi iri pakati peRwizi rweJoridhani neGungwa reMeditera. Zvekuvandudza mairi zvakanyanya uye zviitiko zvakakosha zvenyaya yemubhaibheri.

Pamepu yeParestina munguva yaJesu, nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinokosha zvikuru dzinogona kuonekwa. Nzvimbo dzakaitirwa hushumiri hwepasi hwaIshe wedu Jesu Kristu.

Mateu 4: 23-2523 Zvino Jesu wakapota neGarirea rose achidzidzisa mumasinagoge avo, nekuparidza evhangeri yeushe, nekuporesa matenda ose neurwere hwoga hwoga pakati pevanhu. 24 Mukurumbira wake ukapararira kuSiria yose; vakauyisa kwaari vose vaiva nezvirwere, vakabatwa nehosha dzakasiyana-siyana nemarwadzo, nevakange vane madhimoni, nevaiva nezvipusha, nevakange vakafa mitezo; akavaporesa. 25 Vanhu vazhinji vakamutevera vachibva Garirea, Dhekapori, muJerusarema, Judhea, uye mhiri kwaJoridhani.

Dzimwe nzvimbo pamepu iyi naJesu

Mepu yeParestina panguva yaJesu ine dzimwe nzvimbo dzinodudzwa muevhangeri kuratidza zviitiko zvinokosha pamusoro paIshe, zvakadai se:

• Bhetrehema: Nharaunda inozvarwa Ishe, Mateo 2:2
• Nazareta: Nzvimbo inogara Jesu nevabereki vake, Ruka 2:39-40
• Jesu anobhabhatidzwa murwizi Jorodhani, Mateo 3:1
• Kana: Anoita chishamiso chake chokutanga pamuchato (Johani 2:1-12)
• Jeriko: Anoita chishamiso chokuporesa bofu (Ruka 18:35-43)
• Jerusarema: Pano Kristu anofa uye anomuka (Mako 11:11, 15:22, 16:6)

Naizvozvo mepu yeParestina panguva yaJesu inokosha mukuongororwa kwaJesu wenhoroondo muBhaibheri. Zvakare nekuziva marudzi ehurumende, mapoka evanhu, tsika, nezvimwe. yenguva iyoyo inokosha zvikuru kuti tinzwisise zviri nani shoko raShe.

Etymological mavambo ePalestine

Mabviro etoponymy kana etymological yezita renzvimbo inozivikanwa sePalestine, sekureva kwevamwe vanyori, yakapihwa nevaRoma. Sezviri pachena vakadaidza iyi dunhu kana dunhu nenzira iyoyo, vachiitora kubva muchiGiriki Παλαιστίνη, yakaturikirwa muLatin Palaistine, uye zvinoreva Nyika yevaFiristia.

Iyi etymological mavambo haina kunyatsojeka, zvisinei munhoroondo, maJuda nevaFiristia muBhaibheri, kubva panguva dzekare vakarwira nyika dzakafanana. Pane kurwisana kwakawanda pakati pemarudzi maviri aya. Izvo zvakanyorwa mundima dzakawanda dzebhaibheri. Yakanyatsokodzera kwaiva kunetsana kwaMambo Dhavhidhi nehofori yevaFiristiya yainzi Goriyati. Zvione nekuenda kune iyi link. Dhavhidhi naGoriati: hondo yemubhaibheri yakaita nhoroondo. Mumakwikwi aya, Dhavhidhi akazodzwa naMwari anobudirira kukunda hofori yavaFiristia, achiitema nedombo rinokandwa nechipfuramabwe pahuma yake, achimusiya asina upenyu munhandare yehondo.

Mukati mezana ramakore rechipiri Kristu asati auya, vaFiristia vakanga vachidzorwa noumambo hwaIsraeri. Gare gare muzana remakore rokutanga, nharaunda yose yakanyorwa pamepu yePalestine panguva yaJesu yakanga iri pasi pokutonga kwoUmambo hweRoma hwakabudirira, guta reJerusarema riri dzimbahwe rahwo.

Nhoroondo yemepu yePalestine panguva yaJesu

Pakuvamba kwezana ramakore rokutanga renguva yechiKristu, uto rine simba reRoma rakauya kuzobatanidza nharaunda dzose dziri munharaunda yegungwa reMediterranean; muumambo humwe hukuru uye hune simba, Umambo hweRoma, ona mufananidzo Nha. 1 pamusoro.

Nharaunda yePalestine yakanga iri mumamiriro ezvinhu aya kubvira pakukunda kweguta reJerusarema mumaoko eMukuru Mukuru weRoma Pompey Mukuru mugore ra64 nguva yechiKristu isati yasvika.

Humambo hwemazuva ano hwenguva iyoyo, hune matongo akawanda ezvokuchera matongo achiri kuchengetedzwa. Yaitaurirana nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana uye dzakarukwa. Idzo dzakafanana dzaizoshandiswa neavo vakabatsira kuparadzira dzidziso yavakazvarwa. Dzidziso yakazivisa mesiya, Muponesi, uyo akatumwa naMwari. Ndiani akanga aiswa munyama, akaberekerwa mukona iri kure yehumambo hukuru hweRoma.

Mwari baba vanovhiringidza nyika kubva pakutanga nekusarudza kupfekedzwa kwemwanakomana wavo dunhu riri kure rehumambo hukuru hweRoma, dunhu rePalestine. Uye ndezvekuti muponesi akaziviswa nevaporofita haazvarwe chero kupi zvako kana chero nguva.

Chikonzero chenguva iyoyo

Mwari vanonyatso sarudza nguva yebudiriro yeRoma, umo budiriro iyi yakange yakwanisa kutora uye kutonga maGiriki evaGiriki. Zvichikonzera kuwanda kwetsika nemagariro. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo kuvapo kwetsika dzechiGiriki pamwe chete neveRoma kunobvumira kunzwisisa kuri nani kweshoko reevhangeri yechiKristu, iyo yakanga yatodudzwa kare nomuvhangeri Johane muchitsauko chokutanga chezvinyorwa zvake.

Johani 1: 10-14: 10 Wakanga ari munyika, uye nyika yakaitwa naye; asi nyika haina kumuziva. 11 Akauya kune zvake, asi vake havana kumugamuchira. 12 Asi kune vose vakamugamuchira, kuna avo vanotenda kuzita rake, wakavapa simba kuti vave vana vaMwari; 13 vakaberekwa kwete neropa, kana nechido chenyama, kana nechido chemurume, asi naMwari. 14 Shoko ndokuzova nyama, akagara pakati pedu, uye takaona kubwinya kwake, kubwinya sekwewakaberekwa umwe woga waBaba, azere nenyasha nechokwadi.

Chikonzero chenzvimbo yacho

Nyangwe vaporofita vakazivisa Muponesi akatumwa naMwari kuti ave munhu uye atore chinzvimbo chaMambo weMadzimambo, Ishe wemadzishe. Mukuwirirana naikoku, nyika yaigona kufunga kuti Mwari aizosarudza Roma yakaisvonaka yenguva iyeyo senzvimbo yakafanirwa nokuberekwa kwomunhu ane ukuru noumwari hwakadaro. Uye kana zvisina kudaro mamwe emaguta akakosha ehumambo hwenguva idzodzo. Asi uku ndiko kungofunga kwenyika, asi kwete kwaMwari.

Naizvozvo Mwari anokwanisa kuvhiringa nyika nekusarudza guta diki diki rainzi Bethlehema riri mukati medunhu rePalestine, raigarwa panguva iyoyo nehushe hweRoma.

Nezve vaporofita vetestamende yekare yeBhaibheri, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti vaive vaya vanhu vaive nedanho repamusoro rekureverera kana hukama hwakadzama naMwari. Jehovha akashandisa aya mavara emubhaibheri senzira yokuzivisa zvine chiremera Israeri nezveShoko rake. Ndinokukoka kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvavo munyaya inotevera, Vaporofita: Ndivanaani Ivo? Mudiki, mukuru uye nekuwedzera

Ruwa rwePalestine munguva dzaJesu

Kumabvazuva kwenzvimbo yeMediterranean kune nyika inobereka zvibereko, iyo vaRoma vakasvika pakuidza kuti ruwa rwePalestine. Iyi nharaunda kubva mumakore ekutanga enhorondo ndiyo yaiwanzoshandiswa nemapoka ekaravhani aibva kuEgypt achienda kuMesopotamia, nhasi Iraq. Kuganhura nzvimbo huru dzerenje munzira iyi, ona Mufananidzo Nº 2 kumusoro uye mamiriro edunhu reFiristia mubani reMediterranean pazasi muMufananidzo Nº 3.

Dunhu rePalestine, rine geography yemadziva ane rupo mune dzimwe nzvimbo, ari pakati nepakati uye asina mvura mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda, ine chinhu chakanyanya kukosha chinoisiyanisa. Uye kuti inyika yakapikirwa naMwari kuna Abrahamu pachake.

Vazukuru vaAbrahama panguva iyoyo vakaumba rudzi rwaIsraeri. Naizvozvo vaJudha vakanga vakajeka mukuzvitsanangura vamene savanhu vakasarudzwa naMwari mumwe wechokwadi. Jehovha Mwari uyo akavabudisa muEgipita achitungamirirwa naMosesi, uyo waakapa mutemo waifanira kupiwa kuvanhu vake.

Achitorwa naPompey guta reJerusarema, dzimbahwe reruwa rwePalestine, mukuru mukuru weRoma anosiya nharaunda yose iri pasi peRoma. Nokudaro, vanhu vose vaifanira kubhadhara mutero kuRoma.

Pompey, asati abuda muJerusarema, anosiya muJudha, Herodhe Mukuru, sechiremera cheruwa rweParestina. Kune avo Seneti yeRoma yakanga yapa mvumo yaMambo weJuda, nekuda kwerutsigiro rwakasimba rwakapihwa Marco Antonio.

Herodhi Mukuru

Herodhi Mukuru akanga ari mambo ari pasi pake, aishandiswa neUmambo hweRoma kutonga nharaunda yose yePalestine yaitongwa neRoma. Akauya kuzotonga Paresitina samambo aiva pasi peJudhiya, Garireya, Samaria neIdhumea pakati pegore 37 BC negore 3. Herodhi ane muTestamente Itsva yeBhaibheri rechiKristu, magwaro ekuraira kuti ave mutongi weJudhiya, Kuurawa kwevasina mhosva, panguva yaizozvarwa Jesu, Mateo 2:13-23. Mutongi weJudhea uyu aiva neutsinye hwakanyanya, aitouraya chero munhu aigona kuva nechinzvimbo chake. Akatorayira kuti vanakomana vake vaviri vaurayiwe achityira kuti aizobviswa pachigaro.

Ukuwo, Mambo weJudha, Herodhi Mukuru, akakurudzira kuvaka kukuru uye kunokosha munharaunda yacho. Ini ndinovaka guta regungwa reKesariya, ndichifunga kuvaka zvese zvinodiwa uye maererano neguta rechiGiriki renguva iyoyo. Nenzira yakafanana, akavaka chiteshi chengarava chinoshamisa uye chinokosha cheguta iroro.

Herodhi mukuru mukati mekusimudzira mabasa, kubudirira:

• Vakazve guta rekare reSamaria
• Ndinovaka nhare huru
• Akavakazve nhare dzakanga dziripo, maakavaka mizinda yakaisvonaka
• Akavaka imba yemitambo, amphitheatre uye hippodrome

Zvisinei, basa rokugadza korona raHerodhe Mukuru rakanga riri rokuvakazve tembere muJerusarema. Kuvaka patsva kwandinoita nekunaka kunoshamisa.

Herodhi neSanihedrini

Kana riri rutivi rworudzidziso, Herodhe akachinja zvikuru Sanihedrini yechiJudha uye iyo inowirirana nechinzvimbo choMuprista Mukuru. Nzvimbo yeMuprista Mukuru pamberi pehurumende yaHerodhi yakanga ine hunhu hwoupenyu hwose, yakagarwa nhaka uye akanga ari mumiriri worudzi. Herodhe, kuti ave nesimba pamusoro peMuprista Mukuru, akadzvinyirira chimiro ichi pamwe chete nokubvisa pesvedzero yose pamusoro pezvamatongerwe enyika echiJudha.

Kana iri Sanihedrini, ndinoishandura kuti ifanane nedare rakatanga umambo hwechiGiriki. Saka Sanihedrini yaiumbwa nevapi vemazano vamambo uye ichitungamirirwa naHerodhi.

Herodhi paakafa

Jesu achangoberekwa, mutongi weParestina yose, Herodhi Mukuru, anofa, sezvinotaura Evhangeri yaMateu:

Mateu 2: 19-20\v 19 Asi Herodhe wakati afa, tarira, mutumwa waIshe wakazviratidza kuna Josefa muEgipita muchiroto, \v 20 achiti: Simuka, tora mwana namai vake, uende kunyika yaIsraeri kune avo vaitsvaka ruponeso. rufu rwemwanakomana rwakafa." mwana.

Apo Herodhi Mukuru akafa, akasiya umambo hwakakamukana senhaka yetestamende. Akagovera nharaunda yePalestine kuita matatu, achipa chikamu kuvatatu vevanakomana vake uye hapana aigona kubata zita remambo, vanotora nhaka:

• Archelaus: Judhiya, Samaria neIdhumea
• Firipi: Trachonitides neIturea
• Herodhi Andipasi: Garirea nePerea

Iyi ndiyo nguva apo basa raJesu wenhau rinovamba. Zviitiko zvavo zvakakosha muhupenyu hwaIshe zvakaitika zvakanyanya munzvimbo mbiri dzemepu yePalestine panguva yaJesu: Garireya neJudhiya. Matunhu maviri ane hutongi hwezvematongerwo enyika ehurumende dzakazvimirira, imwe neimwe iine chimiro chayo chekuraira mukati mehumambo hweRoma.

Mateu 2: 22\v 21 Zvino akasimuka ndokutora mucheche namai vake, akasvika kunyika yaIsraeri. 22 Asi achinzwa kuti Arikerawo anotonga muJudhiya panzvimbo yababa vake Herodhe, akatya kuendako; asi ayambirwa nezvakazarurwa pakurota, akaenda kudunhu reGarirea, 23 akandogara muguta rinonzi Nazareta, kuti zvizadziswe zvakarehwa navaporofita, kuti uchanzi muNazareta.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIdKx1qKaiE

Mepu yePalestine panguva yaJesu - Kugovaniswa kwenzvimbo

Munguva yaJesu apo nguva yechiKristu inotanga mugore rokutanga. Vaevhangeri veTestamente Itsva yemubhaibheri vanoita mutsauko kune rumwe rutivi rweJorodhani uye kune rumwe rutivi, muenzaniso wavo unogona kuverengwa mu:

Mako 6:4545 Pakarepo akamanikidza vadzidzi vake kuti vapinde mugwa vafanotungamira kuenda kwairi rumwe rutivi, kuBhetisaidha, paakanga achiendesa vanhu vazhinji.

Rwizi rweJorodhani sezviri pachena rwakagadzira mutsara unoparadzanisa pakati penzvimbo mbiri, asi panguva imwechete yakakamura tsika mbiri. Vaevhangeri, pakutaura nezvorumwe rutivi, vakanongedzera kuvanhu vamarudzi vasiri vaJudha, iyi nharaunda nhasi inozivikanwa seJoridhani, ona mufananidzo Nha.

Nepo nharaunda iri mhiri kweJorodhani yaigarwa nebudiriro yemaJuda. Jesu aigara uye aigara munharaunda iri kumadokero kweJorodhani, iyo nhasi iri nharaunda yeParestina. Nharaunda yaitongwa neUmambo hweRoma panguva iyoyo. Uye kuti munhoroondo yese yanga iine mazita akadai: Nyika yechipikirwa, Kenani, Judhiya, Nyika Tsvene, nezvimwe. Mumufananidzo Nha. 5 unogona kuona mataundi eKapernaume neBhetsaidha akaparadzaniswa noRwizi rwaJoridhani.

Zvisinei, pakasvika gore rokutanga rezana ramakore rechiKristu rokutanga, nharaunda yePalestine yakakamurwa kuva nharaunda ina huru:

• Garirea
• Samariya
• Judhiya
• perea

Panguva iyi guta reJerusarema raiva redunhu raisanganisira, kuwedzera kuJudhiya, Samariya. Dunhu rakanga ragarwa nhaka naArkelaus. Kana iri nharaunda yeGarireya, uko Jesu akapedza huzhinjisa hwoushumiri hwake; Yaitongwa naPetrarch Herodhi Antipasi.

Nokudaro, matunhu ose ari maviri akaparadzaniswa nehurumende yezvematongerwe enyika yakasiyana, zvokuti kunyange kubva kune imwe kuenda kune imwe zvakanga zvakakodzera kuyambuka muganhu.

Garirea

Garireya ndiyo nharaunda yokuchamhembe zvikuru pamepu yeParestina panguva yaJesu. Iyi nharaunda inotangira mujinga meGomo reHermoni kusvika kuMupata weJezreeri kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba. Ipo kubva kumabvazuva kuenda kumadokero, inokura kubva kuGungwa reMeditera kusvika kuRwizi rweJoridhani muGungwa reGarireya kana kuti Lake reGenesareti.

Nzvimbo yeGarireya ine zvikomo zvekuchamhembe, zvakarimwa neminda yemizambiringa neminda yemiorivhi, munzvimbo dzemipata itsika kurima zviyo zvakadai segorosi nebhari. Kumabvazuva, nyika inodzikira pamateru kusvika yasvika paGungwa guru reGenesareti.

Pamhenderekedzo dzegungwa iri nenharaunda dzakapoteredza, huzhinji hwoushumiri hwapasi hwaJesu hwakapedzerwa. Kunyanya mumaguta akadai:

Kapenaume

Kapernaume ndiro guta raigara Petro naAndreya vaviri vevadzidzi vaJesu. Kunyange zvazvo Kapernaume yakanga isingakoshi zvikuru seguta, yakanga iri murutivi rworudzidziso. Sezvo yaive neimwe yenzvimbo dzakakosha dzechiJudha muGarireya, iri dunhu remuganhu.

Kapernaume yaivewo pedyo nemugwagwa waibatanidza Garireya nedunhu raitongwa naTetrarch Philip, Traconítide neIturea. Guta guru renharaunda iyoyo raiva guta reBhetsaidha, rinodudzwa muevhangeri dzaJesu.

Pamugwagwa wepamuganhu unobatanidza Kapenaume neBhetisaidha paiva neboka rinopinza mutero neboka remauto eRoma. Pakubuda kweKapenaume kuchamhembe kweguta uye pedyo nemahombekombe eLake Genesareti; unofamba panyika yakaorera mumwaka wechirimo, uchiganhurana nechikomo choruoko rwako rworudyi. Munyika iyi mune nzvimbo umo, maererano negamuchidzanwa, Jesu akapfuudza Mharidzo yepaGomo. Mujinga megomo iroro, chishamiso chaJesu chokuwanza zvingwa nehove chakaitika.

Nazareta

Nazareta iri pabani rakaorera zvakanaka munzvimbo ine makomo pedyo neLake Genesareti uye kumaodzanyemba kweGarireya. Mutaundi reNazareta, Jesu akararama kusvikira panguva yokutanga ushumiri hwake hwapasi. Saizvozvowo, vamwe vadzidzi vaJesu vaibva kuGarireya.

VaGarireya vakanga vasinganyatsooneki nevaJudha vane utsinye, nokuti vakanga vasangana kwemakore nevazukuru vokune dzimwe nyika vasiri vechitendero chechiJudha. Saka vaJudha vaishingaira vakatumidza nzvimbo iyi kuti Garireya yavaHedheni.

Mamiriro kana zvakanakisa zvedunhu reGarireya:

-Kuzasi kweGarireya kune Gungwa reGarireya rinonyatsozivikanwa kana Nyanza reTiberiasi zvakare kana Lake reGenesareti. Idziva hombe makiromita makumi maviri nerimwe kureba ne21 yakafara uye ine kukwirira kwakashata kwemamita 12 pasi pegungwa.

-Bani reGenesareti rakanga riri dunhu rine tsika nemarudzi akawanda, nokuda kwokuwanda kwevafambi vaipfuura kubva kuDhamasiko kuenda kuKesaria Firipi.

-MuGarireya, Gomo reTabhori, riri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweLake Genesareti, rinomira mamita 588 pamusoro pebani.

-Dzimba dzakajairika dzevagari vekumaruwa mudunhu iri dzaive diki uye kazhinji muchikamu chimwe.

-Garireya yaitonga nyika yelatifundist, varidzi vayo vaigona kuva mambo kana mutongi, hama dzake nevashambadziri vakapfuma.

-Vagari veGarireya vaive vaJudha, vakakombwa nevanhu vechipegani. Nekuda kweizvi vaive vakasununguka kune dzimwe tsika netsika. MuJudha wenzvimbo iyi aive nemweya wechitendero mushoma pane weJudhiya, maererano nekuchengetwa kwemutemo.

-VaJudha vedunhu reJudhea, vachinyanya kukoshesa murairo, vaitora vaJudha veGarireya sevahedheni. Nemhaka yaikoku vanyori vorudzidziso, vaFarise navaSadhuse, vakaramba Jesu navadzidzi vake.

-Vagari vazhinji veGarireya vaiva vabati vehove uye varimi nekutengeserana. Ndokusaka mifananidzo yaJesu yakawanda yaitaura nezveupenyu hwekurima uye kubata hove. Unoziva here kuti Mienzaniso iyi chii? Pinda iyi link uye uzive zvakanyanya mifananidzo yaJesu uye zvarinoreva muBhaibheri. Neidzi nhau pfupi Ishe akadzidzisa vanhu navadzidzi vake, kuti vagogona kunzwisisa shoko raMwari noUmambo hwake.

Samariya

Kuchamhembe kweJudhiya nekumaodzanyemba kweGarireya kunogona kuonekwa pamepu yeParestina munguva yaJesu kunharaunda yeSamariya. Nepo kumabvazuva nekumadokero Samaria yakaganhurwa nemupata weRwizi rwaJoridhani neGungwa reMediterranean. Munguva idzodzo nharaunda iyi yaibatanidzwa munharaunda yaitongwa naArkelaus mwanakomana waHerodhi Mukuru. Pakati pemakomo nezvikomo zvakaderera zvinoumba musimboti wevagari vemo kana kuti guta reSamariya. Iyi nzvimbo huru yepakati inoparadzaniswa nenharaunda yeGarireya neMupata weEsdrelón, unonziwo Yesrael.

Muevhangeri dzaJesu zvinogona kuonekwa kuti Ishe vakayambuka sei nharaunda yeSamaria kakawanda kuti vabve kuGarireya vachienda kuJerusarema. Iyi ndiyo yaive nzira pfupi, zvisinei maJuda akainyenyeredza. Nekuda kwekupesana kwake nevanhu veSamaria nekuda kwechitendero uye nhoroondo.

Rwendo rwokufamba sezvakaita Jesu munzira iyi yejogirafi yakaoma haruregeredzi, kunyanya munguva dzinopisa zvikuru. Mugwagwa unofamba nomuzvikomo zvakatevedzana zvakasimwa nemiorivhi, makomo evhu rakaoma uye mumwe kana mumwe mupata wakafukidzwa nehura dzegorosi. Munzira yese iyi unofamba nemunzira nhete dzinopfuura nemumatanho anosvikika zvakanyanya.

Mupata weEsdraeloni

Zita rokutanga roMupata weEsdrelón, nderimwe reBani reJezreeri kana kuti Israeri uye rinogona kuraviwa mubhuku raVatongi reTestamende Yekare yeBhaibheri. Mumapani aya vavengi vaIsraeri vakadzika matende avo, ayo Gidheoni aizokunda gare gare.

Vatongi 6:33+ Asi vaMidhiani vose nevaAmareki nevaibva kumabvazuva vakaungana pamwe chete, uye vaipfuura vakadzika musasa pakatarisana neguta. mupata weJezreeri

Izwi rechiHebheru rokuti Yesrael rine dudziro yekuti “Mwari akakusha” uye zita iri rakapihwa bani neguta raro rine sangano rimwechete. Gare gare mumabhuku a2 Makoronike naZekaria, Mupata weJezreeri unonzi munda kana kuti mupata weMegidho.

2 Makoronike 35:22Asi Josiya haana kutsauka, asi akazvishandura kuti arwe naye; haana kuteerera mashoko aNeko, aibva mumuromo maMwari; akauya kuzorwa naye muhondo munda weMegidho.

Zekaria 12: 11: Nezuva iro paJerusarema pachava nekuchema kukuru, sekuchema kweHadhadhimoni muruwa mupata weMegidho.

Sangano reMupata weEsdrelón, ndiko kududzira kuchiGiriki chechiHebheru chekuti Yesrael. Munyori wenhoroondo wechiJudha nemuFarise, Flavius ​​​​Josephus (37 - 100 AD), anotaura nezve bani iri se: Bani Guru reSamaria. Bani rinoganhura muganho wekumaodzanyemba kweGarireya mutaundi reIksal uye muganho weNordic weSanaria muguta reJenin. Nharaunda yose iri pakati pemaguta maviri iwayo, ibani chairo reEsdraeloni.

Zvimiro kana zvakanakisa zvedunhu reSamaria:

-Samariya yaigarwa nevanhu vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana uye vane tsika dzakasiyana-siyana, musanganiswa wevaAsiriya nevaIsraeri.

-Pakati pevaJudha vane utsinye nevaSamariya ruvengo rwakafanana rwakanga rwadzika midzi. Nokuti mugore ra107 nguva yechiKristu isati yasvika; muprista mukuru weJudhea wemhuri yaHasmonean, John Hyrcanus, anotora guta reShekemi, dzimbahwe reSamaria. Nokutora simba reguta Hyrcano inoparadza temberi yeGerizimu.

-Temberi yeGerizimu inodzorerwa mugore ra30 a. C., nokuroora mukadzi wokuSamariya.

-Gare gare mugore rechitanhatu renguva yaJesu, vaSamaria vakashatisa zvikuru tembere muJerusarema. Ruvengo noruvengo pakati pavanhu vaviri ava zvakabva zvawedzera.

-Nekuda kweruvengo rukuru urwu uye kusanganiswa kwevanhu veSamaria, vaJudha vaiona vaSamaria sevanhu vasina kuchena vane ropa rakasvibiswa nerevamwe vanhu vemamwe marudzi.

-VaJudha vakadaidza vaSamaria sevanhu venhema. Naizvozvo vakanga vasina kudyidzana navo.

-Nekuda kwavo, vanhu veSamaria vaizviona sevana vechokwadi vevana vaIsraeri. Ichi chiverengero chavagari vapasi chakanga chiri chiya chakachengeta manyoro ekare echiHebheru, naizvozvo vaizvirangarira vamene vakavimbika kuMutemo navaIsraeri chaivo.

VaSamaria vakanga vane tembere yavo vamene paGomo reGerizimi uye havana kukoshesa iro raiva muJerusarema. Nenzira imwe cheteyo vakaramba chitendero chainzi muJerusarema.

-MuEvhangeri yaJohane inoratidza kuti kana muJudha akadana mumwe muSamaria, yakanga iri mhosva huru panguva iyoyo. Ndosaka Jesu achitukwa nevatungamiri vechiJudha:

Johani 8:48: Naizvozvo vaJudha vakapindura vakati kwaari: Hatina kutaura zvakanaka here kuti iwe uri muSamaria, uye kuti une dhimoni?

Judhiya

Maodzanyemba kweSamaria anogona kuonekwa pamepu yePalestine munguva yaJesu kuNharaunda yeJudhiya. Iyo panguva iyoyo yaitongwa nemwanakomana waHerodhe Mukuru, Archelaus. Uyo makore mashoma gare gare mugore rechi26 renguva yechiKristu, akabviswa muhurumende nokuda kwezvipingamupinyi zvake zvakawanda. Achibva ikoko Pondiyo Pirato anoita kuvapo kwake somukuru mukuru weRoma muJudhea.

Judhiya inharaunda iri kumaodzanyemba kwenharaunda yePalestine, ine mufananidzo wemakomo marefu uye akaoma. Makomo anoumba murwi wakangoerekana wavapo uye wakavharwa. Judhiya yakakomberedzwa nemagwenga makuru kumativi ayo okumabvazuva neokumaodzanyemba. Guta rayo rinonyanya kukosha ndiro guta guru reJerusarema, iro rakapupurira zviitiko zvakawanda uye zvine musoro muupenyu hwaJesu panguva yaakagara pasi pano.

Jerusarema

Guta guru reJudhiya iJerusarema, guta dzvene redzidziso huru dzebhaibheri dzakadai sechiJudha, Chikristu neMuslim. Rutivi rwechitendero ndirwo runopa kukosha kweJerusarema, kupfuura kufamba kwezvokutengeserana ndiko kufamba kwevanhu vakawanda vanokwezvwa nezvinomiririrwa nenyika ino tsvene.

Kumabvazuva kweguta racho unogona kuwana Gomo reMiorivhi pedyo neMupata weKidroni. Gomo apo Jesu aiwanzonyengetera ari pedyo nababa vake vokudenga uye umo iye akagamuchidzwa, akatorwa somusungwa.

Kubva panguva yaJesu, Jerusarema rakava noukoshi hwaro nokuda kwokunamata kworudzidziso. Nemhaka yokuti tembere bedzi yechiJudha iri mukati menharaunda yayo. Saka maJuda ese edunhu remepu yePalestine panguva yaJesu vakaenda kuguta reJerusarema. Mukuwedzera, rakanga ririwo muzinda werovedzo yechiJudha. Saka kubvira kare, Jerusarema rave richibatanidzwa netemberi yaro inokosha uye inoyevedza.

Munharaunda, pamateru nezvikomo, dzimba dzeJerusarema rekare dzinopa nzvimbo yakaisvonaka yakaoma zvikuru kukanganwa. Ishe Jesu aida nyika yake navanhu vake zvikuru, sezvinogona kuonwa mukuchema kwake pamusoro pechaizotambura Jerusarema naTitus, mambo weRoma, paakariparadza mugore ra70 pashure paKristu.

Mateu 23: 37-39 Kuchema kwaJesu pamusoro peJerusarema: Haiwa Jerusarema, Jerusarema, guta rinouraya vaprofita nokutaka nematombo vatumwa vaMwari! Kangani kandaida kuunganidza vana vako sezvinoita huku inodzivirira nhiyo dzayo pasi pamapapiro ayo, asi hamuna kunditendera. 38 Zvino tarira, imba yako yasiiwa yasiiwa riri dongo. 39 Naizvozvo ndinoti kwamuri: Hamuchazondionizve kusvikira mati: Ngaarumbidzwe iye anouya muzita raIshe!

Mundima yeJudhiya mune mataundi kana kuti misha yakasiyana-siyana yaitungamirira muupenyu hwaJesu pasi pano. Pakati pemataundi aya pane anotevera:

Belen

Anenge mamaira mashanu kumaodzanyemba kweJerusarema kune taundi duku reBhetrehema. Guta iri rakaumbwa nedzimba dzakarongwa dzinopa pfungwa yekupendwa padivi pechikomo. Munguva yaJesu dzimba dzeBhetrehema dzakanga dzakaderera zvikuru. Uye mapako akaumbwa mumakomo akashandiswa nevatorwa sematura ezvirimwa nematanga emhuka. Imomo chaimo mune rimwe ramapako aya makashandiswa sedanga, umo Ishe wedu Jesu akaberekerwa.

Panguva iyoyo Belén wakanga uri musha unokosha wokutengesa mbudzi namakwai. Nekuda kwenzvimbo yayo yakanaka pakati penyika yakaorera nenzvimbo dzerenje dzenharaunda yeJudhiya. Saka vafudzi vaiwanzogara nemapoka avo embudzi nemakwai kunze kweBhetrehema

Musha weBheterehema unodaidzwawo nevaJudha seguta raDhavhidhi, nokuti ndiko kwakamuzodza Samueri samambo muzita raMwari. Nenzira imwe cheteyo mutestamende yekare kunoziviswa navaporofita kuti Mesia aizoberekerwa muBhetrehema, muponesi akatumwa naMwari.

Mika 5:2: Mutongi achabuda muBheterehema. 2 Asi iwe, O Bhetrehema Efrata, unongova musha muduku pakati pavanhu vose veJudha. Zvisinei, muzita rangu, muchabva mauri muchabuda nokuda kwaIsraeri, mabviro ake anobva pakusingaperi.

Jeriko

Jeriko, rimwe remaguta ekaresa pasi rose, riri munharaunda yeJudhiya. Maererano nezvakawanikwa nevanochera matongo, iguta rakavakwa pakati pezviuru zvisere nezviuru gumi zvapfuura. Kuva vagari vayo vekutanga vanhu veKenani, vazukuru vaKamu mwanakomana wemubhaibheri Noa. Iyi ndima inzvimbo yakanaka yeoasis ine kukwirira kwakashata kwemamita 250 pasi pegungwa reMediterranean.

Kuve oasis, zvinomera zvinowanikwa ipapo zvinofadza, zvichienzaniswa nenzvimbo dzerenje dzenharaunda yePalestine. Jeriko izere nemichindwe nemiti yakawanda ine mashizha. Nenzira imwecheteyo, marozi nemarudzi ese emaruva anorimwa muguta rino.

Nzira inobva Jeriko ichienda kuJerusarema ndeimwe yedzakabatikana zvikuru muJudha, uye inonetesawo. Sezvo makiromita makumi matatu echinhambwe chiripo pakati pemaguta maviri, mazhinji acho anofamba nemugwenga reJudhiya. Zvakare nemusiyano wehurefu uripo pakati peJeriko neJerusarema, iyo inodarika chiuru chemita yakakwirira. Naizvozvo, kuti ufambe nenzira iyi zvinodikanwa kuti ukunde mutsauko uyu wehurefu pakati pekukwira nekudzika zvichienderana nekwainoyambuka.

Nhasi Jeriko iri mukati meWest Bank, pedyo zvikuru neRwizi rwaJoridhani uye mukati menharaunda yePalestine. Guta reJeriko rinotaurwa kakawanda mumabhuku eBhaibheri. Iyo nhoroondo yekuwa kwemasvingo eJeriko iri mubhuku raJoshua;

Joshua 6: 20: Vanhu vakati vachinzwa kurira kwehwamanda, vakadanidzira nesimba ravo rose; Kamwe kamwe, masvingo eJeriko akakoromoka, uye vaIsraeri vakabva vangonanga kurwisa guta racho ndokuritora.

Bhetani

Uchida kusvika kuguta reJerusarema, makiromita matatu chete kubva ipapo, musha weBetania, wakavakwa mujinga meGomo reMiorivhi. Mumusha uyu muduku mune manyuko ekutanga emvura uye mumvuri wokutanga unozorodza wemiti, pashure porwendo rwokuenda kuJerusarema. Dzimwe shamwari dzaJesu dzaigara muBetania, vaiva vanun’una vatatu vainzi Lázaro, Marta naMaría.

Ruka 10: 38-42 Jesu anoshanyira Marita naMaria: 38 Parwendo rwokuenda kuJerusarema, Jesu navadzidzi vake vakasvika pane mumwe musha mukadzi ainzi Marita akavagamuchira mumba make. 39 Hanzvadzi yake Maria akagara patsoka dzaShe kuti anzwe kudzidzisa kwake.

Johani 11: 4-6: Jesu paakanzwa mashoko acho, akati: “Kurwara kwaRazaro hakuzogumiri murufu. Asi zvakaitika kuti Mwari akudzwe, kuti Mwanakomana waMwari akudzwe somugumisiro.” 5 kunyange Jesu aida Marita, Maria naRazaro6 akagara paakanga mamwe mazuva maviri.

Gomo reMiorivhi rinoparadzanisa Bhetania neJerusarema. Uchibva Bhetania wakananga Jerusarema, unoyambuka nzira ine mionde mumativi, ipapo wokwira pamusoro pepamusoro paunowana mufananidzo wakaisvonaka weguta reJerusarema, Mupata weKidroni uye Bindu reGetsemane umo miorivhi yekare. Nenzira imwecheteyo unogona kuona temberi yakavakwa imomo ine esplanade yakakura uye zvimwe zvivakwa.

Emausi

Emausi waive musha wekare mukati memepu yePalestine panguva yaJesu. Parizvino, panzvimbo paive nemusha weEmausi, vagari veImuas vari pakati pemakiromita gumi nerimwe negumi nemaviri kubva kuguta reJerusarema. Musha wekare weEmausi unonzi muEvhangeri yaRuka 24:13-35, apo Jesu amutswa anozviratidza kuvateveri vake vaviri:

Ruka 24: 13-15 Pavakanga vachienda kuEmausi: 13Zvino musi mumwe chete iwoyo, varume vaviri vakanga vachienda kuguta reEmausi, makiromita anenge gumi nerimwe chete kubva kuJerusarema. 14 Vachifamba, vachikurukura zvinhu zvakanga zvaitika. 15 Vachiri kutaura nokukurukurirana, Jesu amene akaonekwa uye akatanga kufamba navo; 16 asi Mwari akavadzivisa kuti varege kumuziva.

Mamiriro kana maratidziro edunhu reJudhiya:

-Inzvimbo yenzvimbo huru dzerenje uye ine makomo akavharika uye ane mawere.

-MuJudhiya gorosi rinorimwa rishoma, asi murimi mukuru wemiorivhi, mazambiringa, madheti, maonde nemaruva.

-Vagari veJudhiya panguva yaJesu vaive vazhinji vanobva muhurombo. Kudya kwavo kwaisanganisira hove nenyama shoma.

-Munguva yaJesu zvinenge zvipfuyo zvese zvaiitwa pazvibairo zvetemberi.

-Guta guru reJudhiya, Jerusarema raive guta dzvene remaJuda, raive guta risingaite zvekutengesa, kukosha kwaro kwaive nekuda kwezvikonzero zvechitendero.

-MuJudhiya, kunyanya muJerusarema, temberi yega yemaJuda pasi rose yaivepo uye kwaienda maJuda.

-Temberi yaiva muJerusarema yaiva musimboti wedzidziso yechitendero uye muzinda wevakuru vechitendero chechiJudha.

- MuJudhiya mune maguta akasiyana-siyana akakosha zvikuru muhushumiri hwepasi hwaJesu

perea

Pereya yakanga iri nharaunda panguva yaJesu iyo pamwe chete neGarirea yakaumba rutivi rwenharaunda yakagarwa nhaka naHerodhe Andipasi kuna baba vake. Ndiani akaitonga setetrarch kusvika gore ra39 mushure maKristu. Iyi nharaunda inogona kuonwa pamepu yeParestina munguva yaJesu kumabvazuva kweRwizi rwaJoridhani, nenharaunda dzeSamaria neJudhea sevavakidzani vari mhiri kwoRwizi. Sangano rePerea rinobva pakuva Nyika iri mhiri, sezvo yakanga iri nharaunda iri kure zvikuru youmambo hwaJudha namambo wahwo Herodhe Mukuru. Nhasi nharaunda yainzi Pereya inonzi Jorodhani.

Perea yaive nzvimbo yeKenani kusvika 1400 BC. Gare gare akapora kubva kuvaAmoni muna 1300 BC, pasi pamambo wechiKenani Sihoni weHesbhoni. Makore zana gare gare nharaunda yacho yakadzorwa noumambo hwaIsraeri kutozosvikira pakati pezana ramakore rechipfumbamwe, vaAmoni pavakatora nyika yenharaunda yePerea.

Mazana emakore gare gare, mugore ra160 BC, sangano rechiJudha revaMaccabees rakatora nzvimbo iyi kutozosvikira kutonga kwoUmambo hweRoma kwagadzwa munzvimbo dzose dziri mugungwa reMediterranean. Perea yakava nzvimbo yeRoma muna 63 BC. Maguta makuru enyika yePereani aiva Amatusi neBheti-aramfita, uye miganhu yayo yaiva:

• Maodzanyemba: Guta rePella mudunhu reDhekapori
• Kumabvazuva: Maguta eGerasa neFiladelfiya edunhu reDhekaporisi
• Maodzanyemba: Nharaunda yeMoabhi
• Kumadokero: Rwizi rwaJoridhani

Muenzaniso weTemberi yeJerusarema kubva panguva yaHerodhi (zana ramakore rekutanga BC - XNUMXst century AD), kuIsrael Museum.

Chimiro chehurumende pamepu yePalestine panguva yaJesu

Asati aberekwa Jesu mugore ra63 renguva yekare, mukuru mukuru weRoma Pompey Mukuru kana kuti Pompey Mukuru, anotora guta reJerusarema. Nokudaro kukurira Palestine yehumambo. Herodhi mukuru aimbova gavhuna weGarireya anoita kuti Mark Antony amupe zita nomunun’una wake Tetrarchs of Palestine mugore ra41. Nokuti panguva iyoyo Mark Antony aiva muridzi wechikamu chokumabvazuva choumambo hwacho.

Kuti vadzore nzvimbo duku dzeMiddle East, vaRoma vaishandisa madzimambo aitonga. Herodhi Mukuru aiva mumwe wevarume ivavo vaishandiswa neRoma. Seneti yeRoma inogadza Herodhi Mukuru saMambo weJudah, achitonga Palestine yese kubva muna 37 BC, kunyangwe vamwe vanyori vachiti zvakabva muna 39 AD. Herodhi aive wedzinza reEdhomu, asi baba vake vaive vatendeukira kuchiJuda, saka akarerwa semufundisi. muJudha.

Kwegore ra31 Kristu asati auya, Octavio Augustus ava mambo weRoma, Herodhi anobudirira kuita kuti mambo mutsva amubvumidze samambo waJudha. Jesu achangoberekwa, Herodhi anofa, achisiya vatatu vevanakomana vake vachitarisira kutonga umambo hwaJudha. Umambo hwakanga hwakakamurwa neRoma kuva matunhu, nokudaro kushandura hurumende yePalestine kuva tetrarchy yaitarisira vadyi venhaka yaHerodhe:

• Archelaus: Anotonga Judhiya, Samaria neIdhumea, pakati pemakore 4 ne6 enguva yaJesu. Mutongi uyu anodzingwa uye anotsiviwa nevatongi veRoma, Pondiyo Pirato aive mumwe wavo pakati pemakore 26 ne37 shure kwaKristu.
• Firipi: Akatonga Traconítis neIturea pakati pemakore 4 ne34 pashure paKristu
• Herodhi Antipasi: Akatonga Garireya nePerea pakati pe 4 na 39 AD

Mitemo yeRoma muHurumende yePalestine

Panguva inozvarwa Jesu, Roma inotongwa naMambo Octavio Augusto. Ndiani anoramba ari pachigaro kusvika gore rechi14 renguva yechiKristu. Pakasvika nguva yechiitiko chorufu nokumuka kwaJesu, Roma inotongwa naTibherio. Ndiani ane chinzvimbo cheMambo weRoma kubva pagore 14 kusvika 37 shure kwaKristu. Mamwe emitemo yehurumende yeRoma paPalestine ndeaya anotevera:

• Inobvumira tsika dzomunzvimbomo kuti dzichengetedzwe.
• Sarudzo dzemitemo yekunze dzakachengetwa
• Inodzora mari, migwagwa uye inoda kubhadharwa kwemitero yakakwirira.
• Inoshandisa vassal zviremera zvenzvimbo uye yakavimbika kune humambo kuita zvematongerwo enyika
• Inobvumira kururamisirawo zvayo kudzorwa neSanihedrini uye Mupristi Mukuru. Sanihedrini yaive dare revaJudha revarume vakachenjera. Iyo yaitungamirwa neMuprista Mukuru nevatungamiri vechiJudha kana vaRabhi. Iri rakanga riri dare uye Muprista Mukuru akashanda somutongi.
• Mutongi weRoma chete ndiye aiva nesimba rekutongera rufu.

-Mutongi weRoma aive nekugara kwake muguta reKesariya. Aingoenda kuJerusarema pazviitiko zvinokosha. Paaigara muguta guru reJudhiya akagara munhare yehondo yainzi Torre Antonia, yaiva kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweTemberi yeJerusarema.

Kunamata kwechitendero pamepu yePalestine panguva yaJesu

Chitendero chakapararira munzvimbo dzemepu yePalestine panguva yaJesu chaive chechiJudha. Ichi chaiva chitendero umo murume chete ndiye aitora mabasa anokosha. Kunyange mukati metemberi nomusinagogi, vakadzi vaifanira kuramba vakaparadzaniswa nevarume, vaiuya kuzotora nzvimbo dzechipiri musinagogi.

Yakanga iri nzanga yechitendero chemadzitateguru, chinamato ichi chaigona kupembererwa chete kana paine kuvepo kwevarume gumi vechiJuda. Pasinei nokuti vakadzi vakakwanisa kudarika nhamba iyi.

Varume vechiJudha vaibva munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzePalestine vaifanira kuita rwendo rwokuenda kutemberi yaiva muJerusarema panguva yemhemberero dzechiJudha. Kunyange zvazvo zvakanga zvisiri kumanikidzirwa kuti vakadzi vaende kunoshanya, vaizviita chete kana vachida.

Kune vese varume nevakadzi zvaisungirwa kutevedzera mutemo weTorah wakapihwa naMwari kuna Mosesi kuti uzadziswe nevanhu vechiJudha. Chiremera chechiJudha chaivimbisa kutevedzerwa kwemutemo weTorah ndicho chaitungamirira Sanihedrini.

Sanihedrini

Dare reSanihedrini rakanga riri rudzi rweKanzuru kana kuti Cabildo uye rakanga riri sangano raishandisa simba mukati mechitendero chechiJudha. Sanihedrini iyi yakaumbwa nenhengo makumi manomwe neimwe, inotungamirwa neMuprista Mukuru.

Nhengo dzose dzeSanihedrini dzakagara muchimiro chedenderedzwa, dzichiisa Mupristi Mukuru pakati pavo. Kunze kwenhengo 71, paiva nevaJudha vaviri vaishanda sevanyori padare racho. Iyo yaitora manotsi akagara pazvituru pamberi pechikamu chakaumbwa nemitezo yeSanihedrini.

Mitezo yeSanihedrini kazhinji kazhinji yaibva muboka rorudzidziso revaSadhuse. Boka iri rakanga riri vaprista, vakapfuma uye vane simba guru mukati menzanga yechiJudha. Vamwe vose vaiva veboka rechitendero revaFarisi.

Sanihedrini yaiita kururamisira maererano nemutemo wechiJudha weTorah, ine simba muchinhu chose chine chokuita netsika yechitendero uye kunamata, pamwe chete nezvose zvaibva mumutemo wechiJudha. Naizvozvo Sanihedrini yaive nesimba rekutonga, kuranga nekuisa mutirongo. Zvisinei, hurumende yeRoma yakarayira kuti chiremera cheRoma bedzi ndicho chaigona kupa chirango chorufu kana kuti mutongo.

Muprista Mukuru

Mupristi mukuru aiva nechiremera chikuru mutemberi uye aiva nechinzvimbo chomutungamiri weSanihedrini. Chiremera chakadaro chaiita kuti afarire kuva nesimba uye chinzvimbo chepamusoro chezvemari. Vaishandira pamwe nechiremera cheRoma.

Chinzvimbo cheMuprista Mukuru chakachengeta hunhu hwacho kweupenyu hwose kusvika pakusvika kwaHerodhe Mukuru samambo weJudha. Roma payakagadza vatongi veRoma muPalestine, vaive nesimba rekugadza nekudzinga vaprista vakuru panguva yavanenge vachida. Munguva yaJesu, Sanihedrini yakanga iri pasi pesimba reVaprista Vakuru vaviri, ava vaiva:

• Anasi: kubva mugore rechi6 kusvika mugore rechi15 renguva yechiKristu
• Kayafasi: kubva mugore rechi16 kusvika ku37 pashure paKristu. Muprista mukuru uyu akanga ari mukuwasha wowakamutangira uyewo akanga ari iye akapomera Jesu pamberi poMutongi weRoma Pondiyo Pirato.

Johani 18: 28-31 Jesu pamberi paPirato: 28Vakatora Jesu kubva kumba kwaKayafasi vakaenda naye kumuzinda womubati. Kwakati kwaedza, uye havana kupinda mumba yomubati, kuti varege kuzvisvibisa, kuti vagone kudya Pasika. 29 Zvino Pirato akabuda kwavari, akati kwavari: Imhosva yei yamunoisa pamunhu uyu? 30 Vakapindura vakati kwaari: Dai uyu asaiva mbavha, tingadai tisina kumukumikidza kwamuri. 31 Naizvozvo Pirato wakati kwavari: Mutorei imwi, mumutonge zvinoenderana nemurairo wenyu. Naizvozvo vaJudha vakati kwaari: Hatina kutenderwa kuti tiuraye munhu;

Mepu yePalestine munguva yaJesu nemapoka ezvitendero

Vanhu vaigara munzvimbo dzemepu yePalestine panguva yaJesu vaibva mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Zvisinei, voruzhinji vakanga vari vorudzidziso, vachisimbisa rudzidziso rwechiJudha, zvikurukuru vagari vomuJudhea neGarirea. Kana vari vagari vomuSamariya, vaizviona sevaJudha vakawanda, kunyange zvazvo kuvaJudha vomunharaunda yeJudhiya vaiva vahedheni.

VaJudha vaizviona sevanhu chaivo, vanhu vatsvene, nokuti Mwari akanga aita sungano navo achishandisa mutemo waMosesi. Asi pakasvika nguva yaJesu mapoka ezvitendero akasiyana-siyana kana kuti nzanga dzakanga dzatangwa. Umo rimwe nerimwe remapoka aya rakanga rine dudziro yaro yemararamiro avaifanira kuita, dudziro yavo yomutemo uye naizvozvo kutendeka kwavo kuna Mwari.

Anokosha zvikurusa aaya mapoka orudzidziso echiJudha kana kuti nzanga akanga ari vaFarise, vaSadhuse, vaEssene, uye vaSamaria. Kunyangwe muevhangeri dzehupenyu hwaJesu, hukama hwevamwe vavo naIshe uye kusawirirana kwavo pane zvimwe zvezvimwe dzidziso dzeumwe neumwe zvinotaurwa.

Mateu 23: 1-4: 1 Zvino Jesu wakataura kuzvaunga nekuvadzidzi vake achiti: 2 Garai pachigaro chaMozisi; vanyori nevaFarisi. 3 Naizvozvo chero zvavanokuudza kuti uchengete, zvichengete uye uite; asi musaita sezvavanoita, nekuti vanotaura, asi havaiti. 4 nekuti vanosunga mitoro inorema uye inorema vachiisa pamafudzi avanhu; asi havatombodi kuvafambisa nemunwe.

Mateu 16: 11-12+ 11 Hamunzwisisi sei kuti handina kukuudzai kuti muchenjere mbiriso nokuda kwechingwa? yevaFarisi nevaSadhusi? 12 Zvino vakanzwisisa kuti haana kutaura kuti vachenjere mbiriso yechingwa, asi dzidziso yevaFarisi nevaSadhusi.

Mukuwedzera kumapoka adudzwa, kwakanga kunewo masangano orudzidziso akadai sa: vakuru, vaprista, vanyori navaZealot.

vaSadhusi

Mukati meboka revanhu munguva yaJesu rainzi vaSadhusi mune vamwe vanhu vakabva mudzinza rerudzi rwaRevhi. Vaivawo vazukuru vebazi revapristi vevanakomana vaAroni chaizvo. Kusanganisira muprista mukuru anobvira wokutanga, aizova Zadhoki.

Kubva ipapo ndipo panobva dhinominesheni rayo, iro rekutanga raive vaSadhusi, vachipfuura nemuSadhukaya, kusvika pakupedzisira vachizvitsanangura sevaSadhusi. Iri boka remagariro evanhu uye rechitendero rakatarisa pakuzadzisa mutemo weTorah. Kunyanya kune zvine chekuita nezvibayiro, zvinotsanangurwa muzvinyorwa zvebhaibheri zvekubuda, Revhitiko uye nhamba.

Kwavari ndizvo zvavaifanira kuzadzisa, chavaifanira kuita, kwaiva kunamata Mwari. Kutsvenesa, kuratidzira kutsveneswa kwavanhu vaIsraeri kupfurikidza nezvibayiro izvozvo zvechigarire, zvipiriso zvinopiswa uye chinhu chiri chose chakapoteredza tembere.

Nemhaka yokuti vaSadhusi vaiita rudzidziso rwechiJudha zvikurukuru chinhu chiri chose chaipoteredza tembere. Zvakavaita kuti vave vadziviriri vekugadzikana kwevanhu mune zvechitendero uye saka vaiwanzogara zvakanaka nezviremera zvehurumende. Kunyange zvazvo vaSadhuse vakanga vasina kuwirirana zvikuru naHerodhe Mukuru, kunyange zvakadaro vaiwirirana zvikuru navaRoma vose zvavo. Nenzira imwe cheteyo vakazviita murutivi nenzanga yechiGiriki, vaGiriki.

Nokuti vaSadhusi, vachingoziva kwazvo kuzadzisa zvose zvairehwa nezvibayiro; Upenyu hwose hwechiJudha hwakanga husina kunyanya kukosha kwavari. Nemamwe manzwi, vaiona zvakazarurwa zvakapihwa nemaporofita nemamwe magwaro matsvene sezvehurongwa hwechipiri. Naizvozvo vakanangidzira ngwariro pane zvakanyorwa mupentateuch yaMosesi, zvishomanene zvakataurwa pamusoro pezviporofita.

vaFarisi

Kana vari vaFarise, vaikoshesa zvikuru miitiro yokucheneswa kwoupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kunyange izvo zvaifanira kuitwa kunze kwetemberi, kunyanya kushamba nemvura, saka kwavari kugeza maoko vasati vadya kwainyanya kukosha. Panyaya iyi, vanhu ava vanogona kuwanikwa muevhangeri dzinorwisana naJesu nevadzidzi vake. Nemhaka yokuti sezviri pachena vakanga vasingavapi kukosha kwakafanana, vakati kuna Jesu navadzidzi vake, zvinhu zvose izvi zvokucheneswa zvaiva zviduku nguva dzose.

KuvaFarisi zvaikosha zvikuru kuteerera mutemo waMwari, Torah. Chinhu chiri chose chakanyorwa mupentateuch chaifanira kuzadzikwa mutsamba yacho. Kupfuura zvese, vakaomesera zvakanyanya kune zvese zvaitsanangurwa ipapo nezvekucheneswa. Kutaura idi, kubva mudzidziso youmwari, chimwe chinhu chairatidzira vaFarise chakanga chiri chimiro chinoyera icho vaipa pamutemo weTorah. Kwavakapa hunenge humwari mwero.

Nokuti vaFarise, chinhu chokutanga chakasikwa naMwari, kunyange nyika isati yasikwa, ndiwo mutemo weTorah. Uye kuti mutemo uyu neimwe nzira unoshanda sesefa iyo Mwari anoita nayo kusikwa kwenyika. Nokudaro, chikonzero chose cheTorah chakatsikirirwa pazvinhu zvose zvakasikwa naMwari.

Chimwe chinhu chinotanhamara muzvitendero kana kuti dzidziso dzavaFarise kutenda neimwe nzira murudzi rwoupenyu pashure porufu uye murutongeso rwaMwari. Kwaachapa mubayiro kana kuranga mabasa emunhu mumwe nemumwe. Saka, vaFarisi vaiva nepfungwa yokuti kudenga Mwari anochengeta mabasa akanaka omunhu mumwe nomumwe. Kuti pakupedzisira averenge vanhu vakanga vari nani uye vane mabasa akanaka akawanda pane akaipa.

VaFarise, hukama hwavo nevanhu veRoma nevane masimba

VaFarisi vaive nepesvedzero huru pakati pevanhu venharaunda dzemepu yeParestina panguva yaJesu. Vanhu vaiyemura kudzidza kwevaFarisi, saka panguva iyoyo vanyori vaiwanzova vaFarisi. Nezvemafambiro avo mukutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwo enyika maigara nharaunda yePalestine panguva iyoyo, pakava nekukamukana pakati pavo. Nokuti nokuda kwavaFarise vakawanda vaifunga kuti uchangamire hwakakwana ndohwaMwari. Uye kuti pakanga pasina kunyanya kusagadzikana, kuti muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hurumende yaigona kutungamirirwa nezvimwe zviremera, kunyangwe vaive vasiri vechiJudha. Chero bedzi zviremera izvi zvaishivirira pamberi pomurairo waMwari. Munguva yaJesu vaFarise vaiva neukama hwakati pachena hwekushandira pamwe nezviremera zveRoma.

the essenes

VaEssene rakanga riri boka rechitendero rairarama upenyu hwemamongi, richigara mutaundi reQumran pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa Rakafa. Ivo vaitenda mune zvakaziviswa navaporofita uye vaikarira marudzi maviri avanamesia, mumwe wezvamatongerwe enyika uye mumwe worudzidziso. Ndiani aizouya kuzodzoreredza kururamisira munyika, kudzikinura zvivi uye kudzoreredza humambo hweIsraeri.

Zvinyorwa zvakawanwa muGungwa Rakafa pedyo neQumran zvinotaura nezvetsika nezvitendero zveiri boka rorudzidziso. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha muvaEssene kunyanya kuparadzana kwavo neupristi hwetemberi. Nokuti ivava vaifunga kuti upristi hwakanga hwashatiswa panguva yokutonga kwaHasmonean. Naizvozvo vakaita chinamato chisingakodzeri chavaisagona kuunganidzira. Nemhaka yaikoku, vaEssene vanoparadzana nouprista hwetembere ndokuenda kurenje, kuti varege kuzvishatisa vamene navanhuwo zvavo kupfurikidza noukama hwezvokutengeserana.

VaEssene nokudaro vakachengeta uku kuparadzana nenyika yokunze kuti varege kukuvadza rucheno rwomuitiro urwo vaida kuva narwo kunyange mumashoko maduku zvikuru uye akadzama zvikuru. Uye kupfurikidza nokuputsa zvisungo zvose netembere muJerusarema, vaEssene vanozviona vamene setembere yomudzimu nemhenyu; kutozosvikira nguva yasvika yokuvakwa patsva nokudzorerwa kwokunamata kwakachena uye kuri pamutemo.

VaZealot

Kunyange zvazvo vaFarise vakanga vari boka rinobatira pamwe nechiremera cheRoma, kwakanga kune imwe nzanga yechiJudha yairangarira kuti uku batira pamwe kwaisagona kuva kunobvira munzira ipi neipi noutongi hwakanga husina kufanira kuna Israeri. Boka raive nemafungiro aya raive maZealot. Iyo yakatanga kuumbwa nekuda kwekutonga kweRoma uye yakabuda munzanga yevaFarisi.

Naizvozvo, vaZealot rakanga riri boka ravarume vaibva kuvaFarise, vairangarira kuti vaisagona kupiwa kushandiswa kwouchangamire kuhurumende idzo dzakanga dzisingagoni kubvuma uchangamire hwakakwana uye hwakakwana hwaMwari mumwe bedzi, Mwari waIsraeri. Sezvo hutongi hwekutonga kweRoma hwakapfuura, vaZealot vakawedzera kuva vane utsinye munzvimbo yavo. Vakapwiswa kuti umambo hwaMwari hwaizounzwa mumuitiro kupfurikidza nechiito chaShe amene. Uye kuti ivo vaidikanirwa kushanda pamwe chete naIshe muhondo yezvombo, sezvaiitwa nevanhu vekare vechiJudha.

Neiyi nzira, bato rechimurenga nerokumukira mukurwisana nezviremera zveRoma rakarerwa muVaZealot. VaZealot pakutanga kwekutonga kweRoma vaiva nevateveri pakati pevanhu veko. Asi nokufamba kwenguva, mararamiro evanhu vomunzvimbo iyoyo akanga asina kunaka. Kuva nenzara yakawanda, kubhadhara mitero yakakwira zvakanyanya, mamiriro asina kunaka ekurima nekutengeserana. Saka vatengesi vaibva munharaunda yeGarireya vakabatana neboka revaZealot, pamwe chete nevamwe vainzwira tsitsi. MaZerote aya akauya kuzorwa nevakuru veRoma panguva yaJesu. Kunyange makore mashoma gare gare vakakwanisa kutanga kumukira Roma nguva pfupi pamberi pegore ra70 pashure paKristu.

VaSamaria pamepu yePalestine panguva yaJesu

Mushure mekudonha kwehumambo hwekuchamhembe panguva yemadzimambo eAsiriya pakati pezana ramakore rechisere nerechinomwe BC. Marudzi aIsraeri oumambo hwokuchamhembe anodzingwa kuti anogara muutapwa munharaunda yeNinevhe. Aya ndiwo madzinza eIsraeri anotorwa nenhoroondo seakarasika uye ndiwo anoita seanogadzikazve nzvimbo yese yehumambo hwekuchamhembe pavakabuda muhutapwa. Chaizvoizvo nharaunda yenharaunda yeSamaria. Kugarisana kunoitwa nevanhu vemarudzi akasiyana, vakasanganiswa pakati pavo.

Pakupera kwokutapwa kwavaJudha muBhabhironi ndokudzokera kuJerusarema, vanovamba kudzorerwa kwetembere. Vagari vakanga vazadzazve nharaunda yeSamariya vanoenda kuJerusarema ndokubatsira vaJudha. Asi vaJudha vachangosvika vachibva kwavakanga vatapwa vanofunga vaSamariya sevanhu vemamwe marudzi kana kuti vahedheni. Saka vanoramba rubatsiro, vachivaudza kuti hapana chavanoda kubva kwavari, havadi kusanganiswa navo. Aya ndiwo matangiro akaita nhambwe, kupatsanurwa uye kuzvidzwa kuchave nemaJuda nemaSamaria.

Temberi yeGuerizini

Sezvo makore akapfuura uye nemhaka yeidi rokuti vaJudha vakanga vasingabvumiri vaSamaria kusvika patembere muJerusarema. VaSamariya vanovaka temberi duku yakapoteredza Gomo reGerizini.

Gare gare munenge muzana rokutanga ramakore Kristu asati auya, muprista mukuru weJudhea Juan Hircano anoparadza tembere yeGerizín. Neichi idi ruvengo pakati pavaSamaria navaJudha runova rukuru.

Apo vaSamaria vakazviwana vamene vasina tembere, vakapfuurira kuita miitiro yavo mumhepo yakapoteredza Gomo reGerizín uye, ivowo, havana kutarira zvakanaka vaJudha vaipfuura nomunyika yavo. Vari kudivi remaJuda vakaita nenzira imwechete nevaSamaria, vachivatora semapegani uye vasina ruzivo rwemutemo weTorah.

Zvisinei, vaSamaria vakachengeta yainzi Pentateuch yeSamaria. Yakagadzirwa nemabhuku mashanu emurairo asi neimwe misiyano kubva mupentateuch yechokwadi yaMosesi. Kunyanya nezvakataurwa pamusoro pekuiswa pakati petemberi.

Makirasi ezvemagariro pamepu yePalestine panguva yaJesu

Panguva yaJesu, muGarireya maigara vanhu vemarudzi maviri akasiyana. Chikamu chakanaka chevanhu vacho chaiumbwa nevanhu vetsika dzechiGiriki vaitaura chiGiriki. Vanhu ava vaibva muboka revanhu vaigara zvakanyanya kubva mukutengeserana nemaindasitiri. Nenzira imwecheteyo vakagara mumaguta makuru seSepphoris kana Tibheriasi.

Rumwe rutivi rwavanhu veGarirea rwakanga rwuri vagari vomumaruwa vazhinjisa vechiJudha. Ava vaitaura chiAramaic uye vaigara mudzimba dzomumisha mumisha kana kuti mataundi maduku muGarireya. Dzimwe dzenzvimbo idzi dzinowanzo kupihwa mazita mumaevhangeri, seNazareta, Kana yadzo inozivikanwa zvakanyanya nevaverengi veevhangeri, Nazareta, Kana, Korozaim, nezvimwe.

Hazvina kunyatsojeka mumagwaro eTestamente Itsva kuti paigara paine kusangana pakati pevagari vetsika dzechiGiriki nedzetsika dzechiJuda vaigara muGarireya. Asi magwaro evhangeri anoratidza zvakajeka kuti Jesu akanga ari muKapenaume, Korozaimi, Bhetisaidha, Kana, Nazareta. Vanhu vose ava nenzira imwechete yakacherwa nevanochera matongo inoratidza kuti vanhu vaigara ikoko vaiva vaJudha.

Zvisinei, hapana chokwadi chakadaro chokuti Jesu ave ari mukati-kati kana kuti akaramba ari mumaguta ane vanhu vechiGiriki. Zvakadai seKesariya yeFiripi, Tire, Kidhoni, Ptolemaida, Gádhara. Paaya maguta, Sepphoris inoorora zvikuru, panguva iyoyo rakanga riri guta guru rine chiverengero chikuru chavagari vemo, uye rakanga riri kufamba kweawa imwe kubva kuNazareta. Uye zvisinei neizvi, hazvina kumbotaurwa mune chero evhangeri, kana kuti Jesu akambove kana kupfuura nemo. Kana ari mamwe maguta anogarwa nevaGiriki, mumagwaro zvinonzi, semuenzaniso, kuti Jesu:

• Akanga ari munharaunda yeKesaria yeFiripi
• Akaenda kumativi eTire neKidhoni
• Akananga kuTibheriasi neGadhari

Asi hapana panguva yakanyorwa kuti Jesu akanga ari mumaguta iwayo. Izvi zvinoratidza mafungiro aiva muna Jesu anoratidza kusava nehanya nevanhu vechiGiriki panguva iyoyo. Charinoburitsa ihurongwa hwekufambira mberi kwekutonga kwaIshe hwaifanira kutanga sezvahwakatanga muTestamente Yekare nevanhu vakasarudzwa vaMwari.

Jesu, naizvozvo, anozvitaura amene kutanga kune vanhu vaIsraeri, avo vari ivo vanogona kuziva shoko rake zvakanaka. Nokuti vanoziva zvakaparidzwa navaprofita uye nemabhuku omurayiro womurayiro. Danho rechipiri remharidzo yaJesu raizoenderana nevaapostora nekereke yatanga yemaKristu kuti vasvike kuvhangeri nekuparidzwa kwaIshe wedu Jesu Kristu kune vamwe vanhu vese nedzimwe tsika dzese.

Mukadzi ari pamepu yePalestine panguva yaJesu

Nzanga yePalestine panguva yaJesu yakanga iri madzibaba chose. Iyi yaive tsika yakapfuudzwa kubva pakutanga kwenyika kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe chizvarwa. Mhuri dzaiumbwa nemhuri huru, sezvo zvakanga zviri pamutemo kuti murume ave nomukadzi mumwe chete. Kugona vese vari mumba mumwechete nemurume. Naizvozvo mukadzi akabata basa risingakoshi kana richienzaniswa neremurume. Heano mamwe mativi akakodzera pamusoro pavakadzi munguva iyo Jesu akanga ari pasi pano:

-Kureva mhuri, pakataurwa nezveimba yababa vemhuri iyoyo. Sezvo baba vaive Ishe wemba uye vachitarisira midziyo yemumba iwoyo.

-Vazukuru vechirume chete ndivo vaigona kugara nhaka yemidziyo yemhuri. Eya, vanasikana vaingogovera bedzi kumhuri inowirirana neroora iyo varume vaibhadhara kuna baba panguva yavakavaroora.

-Vakadzi vakakwereta ishe wavo sezvakaitwa nemuranda kana mwana ari pasi pemakore gumi nematatu. Naizvozvo, apo asina kuroorwa, mukadzi aizviisa pasi pababa vake, pakuroorwa aizviisa pasi pomurume wake, uye kana akava chirikadzi aifanira kuroorwa nomukoma womurume ndokuzviisa pasi pake. Sezvazvakanyorwa muna Dhuteronomi 25:5-10.

-Mukadzi wacho akanga akagadzirirwa kusaziva, uyezve akanga asingakwanisi kuwana dzidzo yechitendero, nokuti maererano nevarume akanga asina kukwanisa kunzwisisa dzidziso. Saka zvikoro zvaingova zvevarume chete.

-Vakadzi vaionekwa sevasina kuchena panguva yavo yekuyerera kweropa. Panguva iyoyo murume akanga asingagoni kusvika kwavari kana kuvabata. Mukadzi wacho paakasununguka, aifanira kuenda kutemberi kunopa chibayiro kuna Mwari, kuti acheneswe. Maererano nezvakanyorwa mubhuku raRevhitiko 12, pamusoro pekucheneswa kwevakadzi mushure mekusununguka

-Mukadzi haana kukwanisa kukumbira kurambana, izvi zvaigona kuitwa chete nomurume nokuramba mukadzi pachena, achida kumuramba.

Jesu nemukadzi

Jesu panguva yehushumiri hwake hwepanyika akanga asina rusaruro rwevanhu, aibata vose zvakaenzana pasina kusarura pabonde uye vanhu vose vakanga vari mukati mekudanwa kwavo kuti vawirirane noUmambo hwaMwari. Nguva dzose aijekesa kuti vakadzi vanofanira kubatwa norukudzo nerangariro. Ikoku kwaigona kuratidzirwa mukuti pakati pavateveri vake pakanga pane vose vari vaviri varume navakadzi.

Jesu aive nemukadzi pachinzvimbo chimwe chete uye aine kodzero dzakafanana nedzemurume. Naizvozvo, aipikisa pachena mitemo kana tsika dzaigona kuita kuti vakadzi vataridzike sevanhu vepamusoro. MuBhaibheri unogona kuwana ndima dzakasiyana umo Jesu anobatanidzwa mukudzivirira mukadzi, zvakadai se:

• Mukadzi muSamaria muna Johane 4:4-42
• Marita naMaria, noushamwari hwavo naJesu muna Ruka 10:38-42
• Jesu anoregerera mutadzi, Ruka 7:36-50
• Vakadzi vaishandira Jesu, Ruka 8:1–3
• Jesu anoporesa mukadzi, Ruka 8:43–48

Temberi yeJerusarema pamepu yePalestine panguva yaJesu

Temberi yeJerusarema ndicho chaiva chivako chakanyanya kukosha kuvanhu vechiJudha vePalestine panguva yaJesu. Mukati memasvingo aro mainamatwa kuna Jehovha, Mwari mumwe chete, Mwari waIsraeri. Nenzira imwe cheteyo mukati metemberi yeJerusarema vaprista vaitakura zvibayiro. Temberi yeJerusarema pachayo yaimiririra kuvapo kwaMwari pakati pevanhu vake.

Varume vechiJudha venharaunda dzose dzemepu yePalestine munguva dzaJesu vaifanira kuita rwendo rwegore negore kutembere yeJerusarema, kazhinji kazhinji mukati mokuchengetwa kwePaseka.

Pakasvika nguva yaJesu Hurumende yePalestine yakanga iri zvikurukuru yorudzi rwoumwari. Norudzidziso rwaitora nzvimbo huru, vatungamiriri vorudzidziso vaiva nesimba guru nechiremera pamamwe masangano, pamwe chete navanhuwo zvavo.

Kuvakwazve kwetemberi

Aiva Herodhi Mukuru akaita basa rekuvaka patsva Tembere mugore ra19 BC, ari mambo weJudah. Kuvakazve kwakaitwa panheyo dzetemberi yokutanga yakatanga kuvakwa namadzimambo eIsraeri Dhavhidhi nomwanakomana wake Soromoni.

Temberi yakaumbwa neyakakura esplanade ine nzvimbo ye480 x 300 metres. Rakanga rakakomberedzwa nerusvingo rwakati rebei. Mutongi Herodhi akapa runako rukuru kutembere kupfurikidza nokuifukidza namabhura nendarama, kuti iratidzike seyakafanira simba roumwari. MuBhaibheri, zvinotevera zvinogona kuverengwa muEvhangeri yaMako:

Mako 13:1: Zvino umwe wevadzidzi vake wakati achibuda mutembere, akati kwaari: Mudzidzisi, tarirai mabwe rudzii, nezvivakwa rudzii.

Temberi yakanga ine masuo makuru, mapfumbamwe pamwe chete, uye masere amasuo iwayo akanga akafukidzwa nendarama nesirivha. Nenzira imwe cheteyo, makuriro amasuo aya aipenya nendarama nesirivha. Musuo mumwe chete wakanga wakafukidzwa namachira endarira aibva kuKorinde. Kuchipa kukosha kwakatokwira kupfuura mamwe masere. Wairatidzawo ndarama nesirivha mune dzimwe nzvimbo, zvakadai semamwe magedhi, zvigadziko zvemwenje, midziyo inoyera yaishandiswa muzvibayiro netsika dzechiJudha.

Temberi inovakwazve naHerodhi inopambwa yoparadzwa pashure pokuwa kweJerusarema mugore ra70 pashure paKristu, seizvo Jesu aizodai akaporofita mukati moushumiri hwake hwapasi.

Mako 13:2: Jesu achipindura akati kwaari: Unoona zvivakwa izvi zvikuru here? Hakungasiiwi ibwe pamusoro pebwe, risingazoparadzwi.

Mahofisi mutemberi

Mahofisi maviri kana kuti mapoka ezvitendero aiitwa zuva nezuva mutemberi muJerusarema. Yokutanga yakaitwa mangwanani uye yechipiri masikati. Mumhemberero dzakakosha dzetsika dzechiJuda pakaitwa hofisi chaiyo. Pakati pemhemberero idzi kana mazororo echiJudha anogona kutaurwa:

• Paseka yechiJudha kana Paseka
• Shavuot kana Mutambo weZvibereko Zvokutanga
• Mutambo weMatumba kana kuti Sukkot

Pamhemberero idzi kuvepo kwemurume wese wechiJuda wemakore gumi nematatu ezera raisungirwa. Kupfuura zvose, varume vaigara kunyika dziri kure neJerusarema vaifanira kuenda kuPaseka yechiJudha.

Temberi yaivawo nzvimbo yekudzidzisa, kwaidzidziswa sayenzi yechitendero, dzidziso youmwari uye kururamisira kwechiJudha. Mumazuva aJesu, aidzidzisa muTemberi nomumasinagogi akasiyana-siyana munharaunda yacho. Kuti vakanga vari rudzi rwakati rwebazi retembere nenzvimbo yokusangana yavaJudha nokuda kwomunyengetero, pamwe chete nokudzidza Mutemo.