Jellyfish: chii uye ndeapi marudzi aripo?

Kune marudzi akawanda ejellyfish muMediterranean, zvichienderana nekirasi yatiri kutaura nezvayo kuruma kwayo kunogona kuwedzera kana kushoma kune ngozi. Mumakore achangopfuura, huwandu hwemhuka iyi yegelatinous yakawedzera zvakanyanya, zvichikonzera matambudziko makuru ezvipenyu zvegungwa uye zvakatipoteredza.

Maererano nenyanzvi, inofungidzirwa kuti chikonzero chikuru chekuwedzera kwejellyfish kuderera kwenhamba yezvikara zvavo (kunyanya turtles) nekuda kwekuredza hove, kusvibiswa uye kudziya kwemakungwa. Muchinyorwa chino tinotsanangura mhando dzakawanda dzejellyfish muSpain uye mhedzisiro yekuruma kwavo.

Chii chinonzi jellyfish?

Imhuka dzisina mutsara dziri muboka re cnidarians (knidé = nettle, kubva muchiGiriki). Boka reCnidarian rakaiswa mumakirasi mana anotevera:

• Hydrozoa: hydra, jellyfish duku uye mamwe makoroni emapolyps.
• Cubozoa: Bhokisi jellyfish.
• Scyphozoa: hombe jellyfish. Ndiyo kirasi yatinonyanya kuziva sejellyfish.
• Anthozoans: Anemones nemakorari.

Vane masero anoruma anonzi cnidocytes, uye vashandise kuzvidzivirira uye kuvhima mhuka. Cnidocytes anonzwa zvakanyanya. Ivo vari mu capsule ine filament yakamonereka, setambo yekuredza, uye chepfu mukati. Kana mhuka inobata pamusoro pejellyfish, capsule inovhura uye filaments inobuda uye inonamatira kune mhuka, uko uturu hunobaiwa. Nehurombo, dzimwe nguva inogadziriswa nekubata kwedu, kunyangwe isu tisiri kure kure tarisiro yejellyfish.

Jellyfish inonziwo aguamalas kana aguaviva. Uye imhuka dzepelagic, kureva kuti, dzinogara mugungwa rakashama. Chimwe chezvavanoda ndechekuti zvinodhonzwa nemhepo dzemugungwa, kunyangwe zvichigona kufambiswa kuti ichinje nzira zvishoma, nekuda kweamburera yavo.

Imhuka dzine radially symmetrical, kuva 95% yemuviri wako inoumbwa mvura, uye zvikamu zvayo zvikuru ndezvi:

• amburera
• Manubrium (kana matende kana maoko omuromo). Ndiwo matende akakomberedza muromo uye anoubatsira kudyisa.
• Matende anobaya. Ndivo vekunze zvakanyanya uye ndivo vavanoshandisa kuzvidzivirira nekuvhima.
• Gastrovascular cavity. Mugodhi wemukati une buri rimwe chete rinoita seakuno nemuromo, uko kunoitwa kugaya.

Asi jellyfish inodya nekuberekana sei?

Idzo dzinodya uye dzinogona kukura nekukurumidza uye dzinoungana muhuwandu kana chikafu chakawanda. Asi kana chikafu chiri chishoma, vanogona kudzokera shure. Aya madiki anotiyeuchidza zvishoma nezve iyo viscous mass kubva mufirimu Flubber, ine anatomy iyo isina kuoma zvachose. Unogona kuona kuburikidza nemuviri wayo wakajeka mhuka yayo yekupedzisira isati yagayiwa. Dzinodya zvakanyanya pa zooplankton, ma<em>crustaceans madiki uye dzimwe minnows.

Kuberekwa kwejellyfish ndiko kunonyanya kuda kuziva. Jellyfish yakadaro ine vanhurume nevanhukadzi, vane a kuberekana pabonde, nokubudisa urume nemazai mumvura. Kubatana uku kunopa chikonzero planula, ari magonye ejellyfish. Iyo planulae inotora midzi mugungwa substratum uye inoita polyps. The polyps pachishandiswa iyo asexual kubereka, ipai michero kune yakawanda mini jellyfish inonzi ephyras, iyo nekufamba kwenguva uye kurerwa kuchakura. Zita ravo rinokonzerwa nekuti ivo vari ephemeral, sezvo chikamu ichi chinotora nguva pfupi.

Ndezvipi zvikara zvechisikigo zvejellyfish?

Nhasi zvikara zvejellyfish zvinozivikanwa ndezvi:

• Sunfish (Zvakanaka)
• Turtles dzegungwa, kunyanya leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)
• Shiri dzegungwazvakadai se fulmars (Fulmarus)
• Whale shark (Rhincodon typus)
• vamwe <ccrabs, semuseve (Stenorhynchus seticornis) uye vapfumi (Paguroidea)
• Vamwe Whale, sehumpback kana hunchback (Megaptera novaeangliae)
• Vamwe cnidarians vanoda anemones (actinaria)
• Vamwe nudibranchs (nudibranch) kana kuti sea slugs, ayo anoshandisa masero anoruma ejellyfish kuzvidzivirira kune zvimwe zvikara!

Yakawanda jellyfish pamhenderekedzo yeSpain

chokwadi waona brown jellyfish dzimwe nguva pamahombekombe, asi Vanonzi ani?Kurumwa kwavo kunonetsa here? Sezvatinoziva kuti kusahadzika kwese uku kunokurwisa, kunyanya pamazuva ezhizha, tichakupa a rondedzero uye ruzivo rwejellyfish inonyanya kuzivikanwa muSpain. Kutanga tichanyora jellyfish sezvizvi, kureva, izvo zvekirasi ye scyphozoan:

Cotylorhiza tuberculata

• ndeyekurongeka Rhizostomeaekunyanya kumhuri Cepheidae. Vanowanzonziwo aguacuajada, zai rakakangwa jellyfish kana curly acalefo.
• Ivo vanozivikanwa nekuti ndivo yellowish brown jellyfish, nekubata kwegirinhi nekuda kweimwe symbiotic algae yavanayo mukati uye protuberance pakati peruvara rweorenji, uye amburera yayo yakatsetseka.. Nekuda kwemaitiro ayo, ndosaka ichizivikanwa sezai rakakangwa.
• Iwo saizi imwe 20 kusvika 25 cm muhupamhi, 8 maoko emuromo yakafukidzwa nerudzi rwemamini matende ane mabhatani machena kana bluish. Uye amburera yaro yakakamurwa kuita 16 lobes, yakakamurwa kamwe kuva anopfuura zana. Pamicheto yeamburera yavo havana matende.
• Iwo ari pelagic, anogara mugungwa rakazaruka uye kumahombekombe. Kunyangwe paine kazhinji kumahombekombe uko ma polyps avo anogona kutora midzi. Zvakajairika kuvaona muMar Menor, uye muMediterranean munguva yezhizha uye matsutso.. Muchando ivo vari muchimiro chepolyps
• Ngozi yekuruma kwayo ishoma, muchidimbu nekuti matende avo mapfupi uye nekuti haana macnidocytes (urticate masero). Saka usazvidya moyo kana ikakuruma, mhedzisiro yaro yakapfava uye haiwanzo kukonzera chero chinhu kunze kwekushatirwa kweganda uye mikoko. Zvisinei, mune zvimwe zviitiko allergic reaction inogona kuitika.

Aurelia aurita

• ndeyekurongeka Semaeostomeae, Mhuri ulmaridae. Inowanzonzi se mwedzi jellyfish. Ndiyo fomu yatinonyatso ziva sejellyfish.
• Vanogona kuyera kusvika 25 cm paupamhi.
• Vane amburera mukati dish shapeand the maoko kubva mumuromo make matumbu (wavy) uye yakareba zvikuru kupfuura matende mapfupi ari kumucheto kweamburera yayo. Kubva pakuonekwa kwavo, zvinoratidzika kuti kana ukavatarisa kubva kumusoro vane rudzi rwepepuru-violet "ruva rine mapeti mana", idzo nhengo dzavo dzekubereka uye ruvara rwavo rwakajeka rwakasvibiswa nebhuruu chena.
• Vanowanzogara mumvura isina kudzika, mumadhamu uye munzvimbo dzemahombekombe, kukura kwavo kuri nani mumvura ine brackish.
• Ivo havawanzoonekwa zvakanyanya pamahombekombe eSpain, zvinonyanya kuonekwa munzvimbo dzemahombekombe uye nyanza dzakadai seMar Menor, mafjord nemakofi akavharwa panopinda mvura yemukati menyika.
• Kana iri ngozi yayo, yakaderera zvikuru..

Pelagia noctiluca

• zvehurongwa semacostomeae, Mhuri Pelagiiduye, vanozivikanwa sa jellyfish ye luminescent.
• Vanogona kuyera kupfuura 20 cm muhupamhi. Amburera yaro ine a hemispherical chimiro, chakati sandara, chine matende mana akareba, ane scalloped uye akasimba kwazvo emuromo.. Kumucheto kweamburera yavo vanayo 16 matende kuti kana vakaiswa vanokwanisa kusvika kusvika kumamita anopfuura makumi maviri pakureba!. Chimwe chinhu chine hunhu hwezvisikwa izvi zvakanaka asi zvinoruma zvakanyanya ndechekuti zvine nzvimbo yese (maoko emuromo, matende uye kusanganisira amburera) mhombwe uko cnidocytes inoungana. Vane a dzvuku pink ruvara, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvinoshamisa.
• Iwo ari pelagic uye haana polyp phase sedzimwe jellyfish. Sezvavanogara mugungwa rakashama, ndiko kunowanzoonekwa zvikoro zvikuru zvevanhu ava. Kuve nguva yavo yekubereka muchirimo uye matsutso, saka idzi dzichava nguva dzekuti vanhu vakawanda vaonekwe.
• Vanowanzogara mugungwa rakashama, uye kana vasvika pamhenderekedzo imhaka yokuti madutu anovakwevera kumahombekombe, kazhinji kazhinji muzhizha. Uye vanogona kuonekwa muAtlantic Ocean neGungwa reMediterranean.
• Kana zvakadaro ngozi yaro yakakura kwazvo. gadzira kushatirwa kwakawanda uye kuputika, zvinogona kutokonzera maronda anogona kutapukirwa. Sezvo vaine matende akareba kudaro anogona kukanganisa nzvimbo yakakura yeganda, izvi zvinoreva kuti mhedzisiro yehupfu. inogona kutokonzera matambudziko ekufema, emwoyo uye dermatological anogona kugara kwemavhiki kana mwedzi. Saka chenjera kwazvo nejellyfish idzi!

rhizostoma pulmo

• Ndivo vehurongwa Rhizostomeae, Mhuri Rhizostomatidae. Vanodanwawo aguamala, aguaviva kana blue acalefo.
• Nekukura kwayo. Ndivo vakakura vatinogona kuwana, ine dhayamita inogona kusvika 90 uye 100 cm. Amburera ine yakaita sebhero, bluish-white muruvara uye ine matinji akawanda pamucheto weamburera, violet muruvara, pamusoro pematende pamucheto waro. Ita 8 matende emuromo akasanganiswa kuita bluish-white manubrium. Uye izvi zvinogadzira korona ine 16 mapoinzi, kubva mairi 8 mawoko madiki madiki anobuda kunze kwechimiro chekirabhu.
• Inogona kuwanikwa mumvura yakavhurika uye isina kudzika, kunyangwe iri pamhenderekedzo nekuti inoda substrate yemapolyps avo, uye nekuti inofungidzirwa kuti pakati pejellyfish ndivo vane kugona kukuru kwekufamba kana vachienda kunzvimbo uko. kune huwandu hwekudya.
• Ndicho marudzi ekuzvarwa eAtlantic Ocean uye Gungwa reMediterranean. Saka vanogona kuonekwa kubva pakupera kwechirimo kusvika pakudonha. Unogona kuvaona vari voga uye mumabhangi. Uye munguva yechando, ivo vari muchimiro chepolyp mumvura isina kudzika.
• Havana ngozi sezvakaita Pelagia noctiluca, taizoramba tichiisa kutyisa kwayo sepakati. Zvinoda kuziva nekuti hazviburitse zvakakomba dermatological mamiriro. Zvisinei vanogona buritsa zvinogumbura chete nekuvapo kwayo mumvura yemahombekombe yakavharwa negungwa. hazvitombokodzeri kuonana zvakananga nejellyfish kana chero chidimbu chemuviri wayo.

Dzimwe jellyfish, dzisiri pamutemo jellyfish

Hongu, isu tinojekesa zita iri, havasi vekirasi Esciphozoan, saka, zviri pamutemo havasi jellyfish. Zvisinei, kumaziso edu nokuda kwechitarisiko chavo, vanogona kupfuura sejellyfish. Isu tinotaura kuti ndedzipi dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa pamahombekombe eSpain:

velella velella

vekirasi hydrozoo, ivo bhuruu ruvara, rakaumbwa sedhisiki rine "weather vane" pamusoro. Ivo vadiki ve 1 kusvika 8 cm. Uye kunyange inoratidzika sejellyfish iboka rinoyangarara remapolyp! Vanowanzoenda mumabhangi uye inowanzoitika muchirimo uye kutanga kwezhizha. Nezvengozi yayo, haina.

Aequorea forskalea

vekirasi hydrozooVakafanana nejellyfish na a yakatsetseka, inoonekera amburera inogona kusvika 30 cm. Kumucheto kweamburera ine mafilaments akawanda akanaka kwazvo anovabvumira kudya. Hugaro hwayo kazhinji Atlantic Ocean, kunyangwe isingawanzo kuitika muMediterranean. Zvisinei, sezvo mamiriro ekunze ari kuchinja, ari kutanga kuonekwa pamahombekombe eCatalonia neBalearic Islands. Nezve njodzi yayo, hazvina maturo zvachose.

Carybdea marsupialis

vekirasi cubozoo, akaita sabhimu, ane matende mana, rimwe pakona. Iwo madiki muhukuru, achiyera pakati 5-6cm muhupamhi. Ruvara rwakajeka runoshanduka pakati pebhuruu nechena. Vanowanzogara mumvura yakadzika, kunyange dzimwe nguva nekuda kwemvura yemvura vanogona kuonekwa pamusoro, saka zvakaoma kuvaona pamhenderekedzo yegungwa, uye kutenda kunaka, nokuti ngozi yaro yakakura kwazvo.

Physalia physalis

Zvakare inonzi portuguese caravel. ndewekirasi hydrozoo, mafomu a polyp colony, apo mumwe wavo ane chimiro che "kuyangarara", inova ndiyo inonyanya kuonekwa uye inoyera pakati 30 kureba uye 10 cm yakafara. Nehukuru hwayo, ine matende akareba kwazvo uye mazhinji akatakurwa nematocytes, anozviita zvine ngozi zvikuru.

Muchokwadi, kubata kuri nyore neimwe yematende ayo kunogona kukuunzira mhedzisiro yakakomba senge neurogenic shock sechikonzero chekurwadziwa kwakanyanya, pamwe nekupisa, kurwadziwa kwakanyanya uye kukuvara kweganda. Inowanzogara mumvura inodziya yeAtlantic Ocean, kunyange zvazvo yakamboonekwa muMediterranean.

Pano tinokusiira iyo link a app inokuyambira nezve jellyfish inoonekwa munharaunda yako, saka iwe unogona kuenda kumhenderekedzo yegungwa uine runyararo rwepfungwa muzhizha rino. Ndinovimba ruzivo urwu rwave runobatsira kwauri.