Hunhu hwakanaka, hunenge humiriri hwemifananidzo hwechidzidzo, pasina kutaura manzwiro emunhu, hwakatsanangurwa nekiriniki nemazvo kusvika kune diki diki, zvichiratidza kunenge kutonhora, iyi ndiyo nzira iyo hyperrealism mune yemazuva ano art.
hyperrealism
Hyperrealism inosanganisira kudhindwa kwechifananidzo nenzira yechokwadi zvekuti muoni anosvika pakushamisika kana basa rakaitwa iri pendi kana mufananidzo. Kufurirwa zvakanyanya neiyo Pop Art kufamba, hyperrealism inowanzo shoropodza nzanga yevatengi. Mifananidzo uye zvivezwa zvenguva ino zvinowanzoratidza zviitiko zvehupenyu hwezuva nezuva, mifananidzo. Kana ikashandisa zviratidzo zvakakurumbira, iyo hyperrealist kufamba inopokana nePop Art mukuti ishoma abstract art: zvakanyanya kufananidzira.
Matekiniki anoshandiswa nemaartist emusangano akasiyana asi ese ane mabviro azvo akatenderedza mufananidzo semuenzaniso. Kuti vabudise chokwadi zvakafanana, vanopenda dzimwe nguva vanoisa mufananidzo wacho pajira vachishandisa purojekita yepamusoro uye nekudaro vanokwevera mufananidzo pasi kune zvakanyatsojeka. Humwe hunyanzvi hunosanganisira kupenda zvakananga pamufananidzo wakadhindwa muchimiro chakakura kwazvo kana kuforoma mufananidzo kuti ugodhinda furemu yebasa nefuremu (quadrature technique).
Nguva imwe neimwe, chinangwa chemuimbi ndechekuratidza kusarerekera uye chokwadi chakasvibirira, kuchishandura kuita chinhu chiri nyore. Kusiyana nemifananidzo-chaiyo, iyo motif haiwanzo kuvezwa uye hapana ruzivo rwakasiiwa kunze. Sezviri mumufananidzo wemifananidzo, mupendi anoedza kubatanidza zvinhu zvemaonero sehudzamu hwemunda kana kutarisa mubasa rake. Kugadzira hyper-chaiyo basa kunoda kwakawanda kudzidzira, hunyanzvi, uye moyo murefu.
Iwo makuru maficha e hyperrealism anosanganisira anotevera nuances: Kushandisa mafoto emidziyo kugadzira uye kuendesa iyo yekutanga chifananidzo kune canvas. Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa kugadzira zvivezwa. Hukuru hwemifananidzo. Yakakura kushandiswa kweairbrushing uye glazing matekiniki kana uchipenda mifananidzo. Mifananidzo yepamusoro ine inomiririra inomiririra yezvese ruzivo rwechinhu.
Hyperrealist artists vanowanzo shanda mumufananidzo, mamiriro, kana hupenyu hwemhando. Mukuwedzera, pakati pavo panewo vanyori vanosarudza kugadzira mabasa eunyanzvi panyaya dzakapinza dzemagariro nezvematongerwo enyika. Nokuda kweunyanzvi hwokugadzira kutevedzera mavara uye machena-machena mapikicha, masters ekupenda uye magirafu anoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana uye zvishandiso: mapenzura ari nyore uye pastels; ropa uye marasha; mafuta uye acrylic pendi; zvinyoreso uye sprays.
Kutevedzera kutora mafoto mumifananidzo yeva hyperrealists kunosimbiswa neanoenderana maitiro ekugadzira akakweretwa kubva kune yakawanda media: cinema, kushambadzira, kutora mafoto. Izvi zvinosanganisira pedyo-kumusoro, kupatsanurwa kwemifananidzo, kuwedzera ruzivo, macro kutarisisa, furemu-ne-frame mufananidzo marongerwo, uye mamwe matekiniki.
Nezve izvo zvemukati zvemukati, hyperrealism iri padyo nepop art pane yechokwadi uye yehunyanzvi hunyanzvi, sezvo ichingoratidza hunhu hwekunze hwezvinhu, pasina kutaura kudzika kweiyo pfungwa kana kududzirwa kwechinangwa chemunyori. Iyo inyengeri chaiyo kopi yezvinhu zvechokwadi mu hyperrealism magumo pachawo, saka, maartist egwaro iri anowanzo shandisa mafoto sehwaro hwebasa ravo, izvo zvinokanganisa kutsunga kwekunyora kwependi yakaitwa mumutsara uyu.
Hyperrealism segwara rinopokana neconceptualism, sechimiro uye zvirimo (izvo, nenzira, zviri mukubatana muunyanzvi hweiyo realist orientation). Iyo yakasimbiswa yemuchina kutapurirana kwehukama uye maumbirwo anoonekwa kune yakashama ziso anosanganiswa neiyo chaiyo yezvirongwa: zvidhori zvepop tsika, nechando semannequins, zvimiro uye zviso zvevatambi zvinopihwa nekungwarira kupa uye kusvika pachimiro chekitsch. (musanganiswa wepfungwa dzemukati uye pfungwa dzisina maturo nechitarisiko chekunze chekunaka kwekutengeserana).
Chimiro chechimiro che hyperrealistic art kusavapo kwemanzwiro emunyori uye kuratidzwa kwemaitiro ehunyanzvi uye nzira yekudhirowa. Nechinangwa ichi, maartist anoshandisa airbrush, glaze, uye dzimwe nzira kutsvedzerera pamusoro.
Historia
MuUnited States muna 1960s, kunyanya muCalifornia neNew York, gwara remataera rakabuda muunyanzvi hwemazuvano hunopesana nemisimboti yeabstract art, hunyanzvi husina kurongwa, uye tachyism ine chimiro chitsva chekufananidzira. Yakanga yakavakirwa pakururama kwekumiririrwa kwemifananidzo kwechokwadi, pasina chero manzwiro emukati, anoratidzwa nekiriniki nemazvo kusvika kune diki diki, zvichiratidza kutonhora kwakanyanya, hyperrealism inomuka.
Nhoroondo ye hyperrealism, pamwe chete nemufananidzo wayo wakabatana, ishoma kudarika hafu yezana remakore, inodzokera kumashure ekupedzisira kwema 1960. Iyo mitsva mitsva yakaonekwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwakakosha kwehunyanzvi hwekugona kwemidziyo yemifananidzo mumazuva iwayo. . Makamera ane high resolution akaonekwa pamusika, aive akanakira kugadzira mifananidzo yemhando yepamusoro. Uku ndiko kwakava kukurudzira kwekugadzirwa kwemifananidzo kubva pamifananidzo vachishandisa hunyanzvi hwekuita nemidziyo.
Hyperrealism ishoko rinoshandiswa kureva maitiro evatambi vanogadzira mifananidzo kana zvivezwa zvakafanana nemufananidzo une remo. Hyperrealism inoonekwa sebazi rephotorealism, nekuda kweiyo nzira dzakafanana dzinoshandiswa kugadzira hyperrealistic pendi kana zvivezwa. Izwi iri rinonyanya kushandiswa kune yakazvimiririra art yekufamba uye chimiro chakagadziridzwa kubva kutanga kwa2000s muUnited States neEurope.
Izwi rechiFrench rokuti hyperréalism rinobva kumutengesi wemifananidzo weBelgian Isy Brachot, uyo akarishandisa semusoro wekuratidzira kukuru paBrussels yake gallery muna 1973. Ichi chiratidziro chakatungamirirwa neAmerica photorealists vakadai saRalph Goings, Don Eddy, Chuck Close, naRichard. McLean, asi kwaivewo nemamwe maartist akakosha eEurope akadai saGnoli, Klapheck, Richter naDelcol. Kubva ipapo, izwi rekuti hyperrealism rave richishandiswa nevatambi uye vatengesi kureva vapendi vanofurirwa nemafotorealists.
Kuedza kuita kuti ma protagonist ave echokwadi sezvinobvira anogona kutoonekwa munguva dzekare. Kunyanya kukoshesa chokwadi kunoreva kuti mabasa akagadzirwa nenzira iyi anoita seanotyisidzira. Muchikamu chekugadzirwa kwepurasitiki, kuedza kwakaitwa mazana emakore apfuura kuumba zvidhori zvinotyisa zvevamwari, izvo zvinoratidzika sezvipenyu kuburikidza nekusarudzwa kwezvinhu uye pendi yechokwadi. Iyi pfungwa yekugadzira hunyanzvi yakatorwa zvakare pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX.
Mumwe wevakabudirira zvikuru vakagadzira rudzi urwu ndiWilhelm von Rumann, uyo akakonzera mhirizhonga nemufananidzo wake we "Roman water carrier". Rumann, akaberekerwa muHannover muna 1850, akafira muCorsica muna 1906, aive mwanakomana wechikoro cheMunich. Muvezi akasika zvivezwa muvhu neterracotta, asiwo nebronze ine ruvara yaakaita kuti iite seyechokwadi kuburikidza nekupenda kunoratidza. Kumutsiridzwa kutsva kweiyi art style kwakaitika muAmerica mukupera kwemaXNUMX.
Vanyori vakadai saMalcolm Morley, Duane Hanson, naJohn de Andrea vakagadzira zviumbwa kubva wakisi nezvimwe zvakafanana zvavakagadzira nemazvo zvekuti vaigona kukanganisa sevanhu vapenyu. Mifananidzo chaiyo yevanhu vasina pokugara, somuenzaniso, yakabudisa miuyo inoshamisa. Vashanyi kushoo dzenyanzvi vakatyiswa nezvokwadi dzimwe nguva dzinotyisa. Muna 1969, Nancy Graves airatidza makamera matatu ehukuru hwehupenyu paWhitney Museum, yakashandurwa zvine hungwaru zvekuti vanogona kunge vakakanganisa sechinhu chaicho.
Mabasa eve hyperrealists akamutsa kufarira kukuru pakati pevatsoropodzi uye neruzhinji, asi mumakore gumi akatevera, kufarira kwevakawanda kwehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano kwakapfuura zvishoma nezvishoma. Yechipiri wave yekufarira hyperrealism yakasimudzirwa nekuuya kweiyo inowanikwa yakawanda yedhijitari mafoto mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi10. Kuenzaniswa neanalog tekinoroji, kugadzirisa kwemifananidzo ichiri kwakawedzera zvakanyanya.
Vanyori vanozopedzisira vave nemukana wakakura wekutora mapikicha emhando yepamusoro uye voashandisa sehwaro hwemifananidzo yavo nekudhirowa. Hyperrealism chikamu chakakosha chemazuva ano ekuona art nhasi. Zviratidziro zvemabasa nemaartist emhando iyi zvinogara zvichikwezva mhomho yevaoni, uye mabasa akanakisa anotengwa nemufaro nevatengi vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana.
Photorealism uye Hyperrealism
Iwe uri nyanzvi kana iwe uchikwanisa kusiyanisa Photorealism uye Hyperrealism. Mifananidzo ye Photorealists yakafanana nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro-resolution mafoto. Hyper-realistic artworks inonyanya kusanzwisisika. Chidzidzo chikuru muphotorealism inyika kana mufananidzo, nepo hyperrealism inotarisa zvakanyanya pane zvakadzama.
Saka kana mutori wemifananidzo achipa paki yakazara, hyperrealist inovanza bhenji mumumvuri nekusimbisa mwaranzi wezuva. Kana mutori wemifananidzo akapenda mufananidzo kazhinji, hyperrealist inogona kuratidza chimwe chimiro chechiso. Hyperrealism pakutanga yaive padyo nepop art, asi yakazove sangano rakazvimirira iro rakapesvedzerawo vazhinji vekuEurope maartist.
Photorealism chimwe chitsauko chitsva munhoroondo yekupenda yakawedzerwa kune chokwadi. Iyo pachayo, kushandiswa kwemifananidzo mukupenda haisi itsva, yakanga yatoitwa muzana remakore rechiXNUMX. Asi kutevera mufananidzo zvakanyanya kwaireva danho idzva. Zvinoshamisa kuona kuti maitiro uye matauriro anogona kusiyana zvakanyanya kunyangwe ese aya maartist anoshanda kubva pamifananidzo.
Hyperrealism, kusiyana ne photorealism iri pedyo mumweya, ine chikamu chepfungwa chinonyatsooneka. Achishandisa pendi, kudhirowa kana chivezwa, munyori anogadzira yakanyanyisa hunyanzvi nyengedzo yechinhu chisina kukanganisa pamusoro pemagadzirirwo, mutambo wemumvuri uye mwenje mhedzisiro. Manyorero aya anopikisana nemafungiro emunyori, umo pfungwa yemunyori inoonekwa seyakakosha kupfuura chimiro chekutaura kwake kwehunyanzvi.
Photorealism ndiye muvambi we postmodernism maitiro mune yazvino tsika. Nekuda kwekudzoka kumufananidzo (mufananidzo wezvinhu chaizvo), maitiro akabuda muunyanzvi hwemazuva ano senge: kuita, anachronism, pasi pevhu, vhidhiyo art, graffiti nevamwe.
Photorealism inogara ichitanga nemifananidzo uye hyperrealism haifanire kudaro. Hupenyu hwechokwadi huchiripo hunogona kuve hwe hyper-realistic kana yakangoiswa mu studio nekupendwa. Kana paine chivezwa chechokwadi (nebvudzi uye chakapendwa pese pese) zvine musoro kana ichinzi hyperrealism pane photorealism, nekuti chifananidzo chakafuratira chiri pedyo zvakanyanya nemufananidzo pane matatu-dimensional mufananidzo. Saka photorealism ndeyechokwadi photorealism, asi hyperrealism haifaniri kuva photorealism.
Vanozivikanwa Masters veHyperrealism
Pakati pevamiriri vakakurumbira vechimiro ichi, kune vanhu vakawanda vanofarira kugadzira vanogara munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi. Mamwe evanonyanya kuzivikanwa masters e hyperrealism anosanganisira:
ron mueck ndiye muvezi wemuAustralia ane mukurumbira wemazuva ano hyper-realistic sculptor. Gadzira zviri nyore zvinyorwa zvidiki uye makuru makuru emabasa eunyanzvi.
gottfried helnwein muIriland muimbi weAustria mavambo akawana mukurumbira pasi rose nekuda kwechinzvimbo chake chezvemagariro uye kutarisisa kwemagariro ebasa rake. Mubhuku rake, Helnwein anowanzo taura nezvenyaya yeHolocaust.
Bernard Torrens mupendi wekuSpain anozivikanwa nemifananidzo yake yakanaka yevarume nevakadzi vari voga kubva munzvimbo yavo yechisikigo. Yakanakira muimbi yaive uye ichagara iri shamwari yake huru Diego Velázquez
Jason deGraaf Paunoona basa rake kekutanga, uchaona zvakaoma kudavira kuti kupenda. Nyika dzake dze hyper-realistic dzakanyatsogadzirwa manyepo akagadzirwa neakapfava bhurashi sitiroko kuti ape mufananidzo wepamusoro-resolution mafoto.
Marco Grassi Mumwe munyori mumutauro we hyperrealism, ane mabasa ari kushamisa muhutano hwavo uye anoita kuti vazhinji vatarise zvakanyanya, inyanzvi yeItaly kubva kuMilan. Mifananidzo yake yakatsanangurwa zvekuti vane mhando yemifananidzo.
Emanuel Dascanius Ndiye mumwe weakanakisa emazuva ano maartist, tenzi wechokwadi weiyo hyper-realistic maitiro, ane mabasa anomira pachena nekuda kwehunhu hwavo uye huchokwadi.
Heano mamwe malink aunofarira: