El areka yaNoa, rutivi rwenhau yeBhaibheri yomunhu, chiitiko chakaratidzira zvikuru mugumo worudzi rwomunhu, unochiziva zvikuru kupfurikidza nokurava nyaya inotevera.
Areka yaNoa
Sekureva kweBhaibheri chiitiko chechimiro chenhoroondo yeumwari apo Jehovha akakumbira Noa kugadzira chikepe. Idi rakanga riri mukuvakwa kweareka umo aizotakura chiverengero chakati chemhuka navanhu, zvikurukuru hama dzokunyama dzaNoa, kuti vagoponeswa paMafashamo ayo Jehovha amene aizotumira.
Nyaya iyi haingori muBhaibheri chete, inogona kuwanikwawo mumabhuku matsvene echiJudha akadai seTorah neKoran. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nhoroondo nezvinyorwa zvekare nyaya idzi dzinoita sedzakafanana chaizvo nedzinotaurwa muBhaibheri.
Mune nhetembo huru kubva mungano dzekare dzeKadheya inonzi Atrahasis, nhoroondo yakafanana zvikuru inocherechedzwa. Zvakadaro, mafashamo akaonekwa netsika zhinji dzekare sechiitiko chaMwari chaive chikamu chenhoroondo yerudzi rwevanhu, chimwe chinhu icho nhasi chisina kuratidzwa uye kune vazhinji chinoshaya chokwadi.
Kana iwe uchida kubatana neaya anonakidza madingindira ebhaibheri, tinokurudzira kuti uverenge chinyorwa Kuguma kwemazera iyo ine ruzivo rwakabatana nemusoro wenyaya iyi.
Bhaibheri rinotii?
Maererano nebhuku dzvene revaKristu, nyaya yacho yakatanga netsanangudzo yezvinofungwa naYahwe pamusoro pevanhu; akanga aona kuti dzakanga dzichiwanda mupasi rose, dzichipinda nouipi nechisimba chikuru, zvokuti zvishoma nezvishoma dongo rakanga rasikwa uye ruparadziko rwakapararira mumativi ose ePasi.
Ipapo akasarudza kubvisa chizvarwa ichocho chavanhu kupfurikidza nokuvapa rudzi rwechirango, icho gare gare chaizova kuchenesa pasi. Asi havasi vanhu vese vaive vakaipa uye vakarasika, kune anokudzwa uye akarurama anonzi Noa; apo Bhaibheri rinomurondedzera sezvinotevera: “Munhu akarurama, akarurama pakati pevezera rake;
Ipapo Jehovha anomuudza kuti anofanira kuponesa mhuri yake uye nokuda kwechikonzero ichi aifanira kuvaka areka kuti agopotera. Uyezve, akaratidza kuti aifanirawo kutakura dzimwe mhuka mairi dziri mbiri dzehadzi nehono uyewo muuwandu hwakasiyana uye dzakagoverwa munhevedzano yezvakachena nedzisina kuchena asi peiri imwe.
Areka
Imwe chokwadi chisingazarurwi inguva iyo Noa akazvitsaurira kuvakwa kweareka, zvinotendwa uye maererano nezvimwe zvidzidzo, kuti kuvaka kwakatora makore anopfuura 120 ebhaibheri, ndiko kuti, anenge makore makumi mana. bhaibheri haripe data chairo renguva, haritombope mareferensi epakaitika mafashama.
Zvinongoratidzwa chete kuti vasati vatanga, Jehovha akayambira Noa mazuva mashoma apfuura: nekuti mazuva manomwe asati apera, ndichanaisa mvura panyika mazuva ana makumi mana nousiku huna makumi mana, ndichaparadza panyika zvisikwa zvose zvandakaita.
Mafashama
Akanyevera Noa nezvechaizoitika, akapfuurira kupinda mumhuri yake muchikepe, gare gare dzimwe mhuka dzakasarudzwa dzakapinda: "Nezuva iro zvitubu zvose zvepakadzikadzika zvakadzuturwa, namahwindo edenga akazarurwa, mvura zhinji ikava pamusoro penyika mazuva makumi mana neusiku makumi mana."
Bhaibheri rinoratidza kuti mvura yakafukidza makomo ose, zvokuti zvisikwa zvipenyu zvose pasi pano zvakafa, varume vana vakadzi nemhuka dzose dzinokambaira nedzinobhururuka, avo bedzi vaiva mukati meareka vakapukunyuka. Pashure pemazuva 150 emvura, areka yakananga kunyika yakaoma ndokugara muArarati.
Kupera kwemafashamo
Mvura yakaserera kwemazuva mashoma, ayo anodavirwa kuva mwedzi, uye nenzira iyi makomo akatanga kubuda zvakare, zvokuti Bhaibheri rinorondedzera kuti Noa akakwanisa sei kuwana pasi rakaoma, achitumira gunguo iro: "Akabuda, ndokufamba-famba kusvikira mvura yapwa panyika."
Gare gare akatuma njiva iyo yakadzoka pashure pamaawa akati nokuda kwokushaya pokumhara; mazuva mashoma gare gare akatuma njiva zvakare uye yadzoka nomuorivhi mundiro; Naizvozvi, akanga asisazivi kuti mvura yakanga yaserera uye akanga okwanisa kutsvaka nzvimbo isina ngozi. Zvisinei, aifanira kumirira mamwe mazuva mashomanana kusvikira awana zvaaishuva; Ndakatumazve njiva kuti inoona kuti chii chaiitika uye haina kuzodzoka zvairatidza kuti yakanga yabata pasi.
Kutenda kwaNoa
Pakusvika panyika, iye nehama dzake vakaburuka muchikepe pamwe chete nemhuka, naizvozvo mukuonga akasarudza kupa chibayiro kuna Jehovha. Ipapo akapindura kuti haasati aizobayira zvisikwa zvipenyu zvose nemvura yamafashamo, uyewo hakusati kuchizovazve namafashamo okuparadza pasi.
Sechiyeuchidzo, Jehovha akaisa murarabungu mumakore, uchiti: “Zvino zvichaitika kuti kana ndaunza makore pamusoro penyika, ipapo uta hwangu huchaonekwa mumakore. Uye ndicharangarira sungano yangu iri pakati pangu nemwi, nechisikwa chose chipenyu chenyama; uye hapachazovizve nemafashamo emvura kuti aparadze nyama yose.”
Pashure paikoku, Bhaibheri rinozivisa kuti Noa akararama kwamamwe makore 350, zvokuti rufu rwake rwaizoitika pazera ramakore 950, ari mumwe wavanhu vakararama nguva refu zvikuru pamwe chete naMetusera vanovapo senongedzero muBhaibheri.
Kuongororwa zvemukati
Muna Genesi webhaibheri, mativi ane chokuita neareka anodonongodzwa ndokurondedzerwa se“Tebha” iro muchiHebheru rinoreva dhirowa, tswanda, tswanda; Iyo inowedzerawo matanho ekurekodha huwandu uye saizi yengarava yakataurwa. Anoritsanangura sehombe rectangular bhokisi-mhando "areka", ine sandara pasi apo uta neshure hazvina misiyano, zvekuti yaive symmetrical, yakafanana mberi uye kumashure.
Yakanga isina zvikwasvi, kana chidzoreso; kana chibatiso kana maseiri; pfungwa yaiti ichayangarara uye mvura yoitora kwayairatidza kuti ndiyo yakanaka, yakanga isina kurongerwa kufamba. Panyaya yekuvaka, inozivikanwa kuti yaigadzirwa nematanda chete, uye inotonzi ndeyemhando ye "Gofer", muti uyo kusvika nhasi hausati wakwanisa kuziva kubatana nechimwe chirimwa. .
Vamwe vanodavira kuti nokuda kweukama hweshoko rokuti Gofer, iro muchiHebheru rinoreva kuti «Kofer» «tara», vari kutaura nezvemuti unogadzira resin yakawanda, yakadai semuoki muchena, cypress kana balsa, iyo inopikisa zvikuru uye yakasimba. Rondedzero yeBhaibheri inoratidza kuti areka yaifanira kuvharwa mukati nokunze.
Chinyorwa chinoera chinotsanangurawo mhando yemhepo yavanodaidza kuti "tzohar", iyo muchiHebheru inoreva kupenya, kupenya kwedenga kana hwindo. Aya anowanikwa gokora rimwe pamusoro peareka, mukuwedzera kumusuwo kudivi, ane akafukidzwa uye anopindirana maseru, aya data akasimbiswa nenyanzvi uye vakasimbisa kuti zvese zvine hukama.
Pamusoro pezviyero, zvinotevera zvinorondedzerwa muBhaibheri: makubhiti mazana matatu pakureba, makubhiti makumi mashanu muupamhi uye makubhiti makumi matatu muurefu, kana tikafunga kuti mashoko ane chokuita nokuyerwa kwekubhiti ndeaya anotevera:
- Gokora rakajairika rinenge 45 cm.
- Kubhiti rehumambo 51,5 cm
- Linear cubit inomhanya kubva kugokora kusvika kumagumo eruoko
- Kubhiti rehumambo hweRoma anenge 55 cm.
Zvadaro, tichitanga ukama huri pakati peavhareji yezviyero, tinowana kuti kubhiti rimwe chete rinogona kuyera pakati pemasendimita 45 ne50, kureba kweareka kwaizova mamita 150 kureba, 25 m kufara uye mamita 15 kuenda mudenga. Izvo zvinotarisa ukuru hwechikepe ichi. Nekudaro, ongororo dzakaitwa kuona kuti ingani mhuka dzinogona kukwana mairi.
Vamwe vanotaura nezvemhuka 1200, vamwe ve1000, zvichienderana nerudzi rwechimiro chemuviri uye mamiriro emhuka uye ukuru hwayo hunogona kutariswa, yaigoneka muareka nhamba huru yezvisikwa zvipenyu zvakapinda, izvo zvakatobvumira kuti iyangamire mukati. mvura.
Kukosha kwenyaya iyi kwakakosha kana yakabatana nedzimwe nyaya sedziya dzatinokuratidza munyaya inotevera. zvinodzidziswa neBhaibheri , apo chikamu chemashoko aya chinopedzwa.
Dzidzo yesainzi
Kubva pamaonero echitendero uye maererano nekuongorora kwakaitwa nenyanzvi munyaya dzekutsoropodza zvechitendero, nyaya inotaurwa muna Genesisi yakavakirwa pamanyuko maviri ane humwe hukama munguva. Asi havana kupihwa chimiro kusvika muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX BC. Mukuwirirana neiyi rondedzero musiyano wamanyorerwe munhoroondo yechiHebheru ikare zvishomanene kupfuura dzimwe shanduro; asi ngatimbonyatsoongororai nharo dzacho.
vafundisi
Bhaibheri rinofuratira mamwe mazita ane chokuita navamwari, avo vainzi vasingatauriki kana kuti Tetragrammaton. Nyaya idzi hadzina kucherechedzwa nebhaibheri, hongu zvakandiwisira pasi vaHebheru vakatora sereferensi nyaya yemurume anoponesa mhuri yake nemombe dzake muchikepe. Nekune rimwe divi, pane chinyorwa cherudzi rweElohist chakatsanangurwa zvakanyanya kuzvinangwa zvedidactic pane kuzvipira.
Gwaro iri rine chekuita nekupatsanurwa kwemhuka dzerudzi rwekosher uye dzisiri dzekosher, kureva dzakachena uye dzisina kuchena. Vanotsanangura kuti ruponeso rwemunhu runotsvakwa sei kuburikidza nezviitiko zvakaitika mazuva manomwe oga oga; zvikamu zvacho zvinogona kunge zvine chekuita nenhoroondo yemubhaibheri.
Genesisi zvakare ine zvitaera zvakawanda zvekunyora, zvine maonero akasiyana. Saizvozvowo, zvidimbu zvinowanwa zvine hukama neUtnapishtim ngano dzetsika dzeSumerian; uko mambo wekare akanyeverwa naMwari amene, kuti ngarava igogona kupukunyuka mafashamo, ayo aifanira kutumirwa nedare repamusoro ravamwari.
vanyori venhoroondo
Munyori wenhau dzakaitika Irving Finkel, anoshanda semuchengeti weBritish Museum, akawana muna 2014 piritsi diki remhando, iro raive nenyaya ine chekuita nemafashamo uye rakada kufanana nenhoroondo yemubhaibheri. Ichi chiwanwa chinogona kuraviwa mubhuku rinonzi The Ark Before Noah, rakanyorwa nowezvenhau amene.
Maererano nenhoroondo iyi, areka yacho yaiva yedenderedzwa ine duramazwi rakakura kwazvo rakavharwa netambo rakavakwa pasi pechigadziko chemapuranga. Chinokosha pahwendefa iri ndechokuti rinotsanangura zvinhu chaizvo zvine chokuita nechimiro uye kuumbwa kweareka, pamwe chete nekukura kwayo uye kuti yaigona kuyangarara sei.
Aya mareferensi akashandiswa kugadzira chiyero che 1: 3 chechiyero, icho chakayangarara zvinobudirira kana chaiswa mumvura. Tsananguro dzakawanwa patafura dzakanyorwa muchirongwa cheterevhizheni chakapihwa mugore ra2015, zvakare kune nyaya dziri muhwendefa pachayo dzine dzakada kufanana nenhetembo yaGilgamesh, panotsanangurwa zvinhu zvine chekuita nemhuka uye chimiro. mapindiro avakaita muareka.
Zvimwe zvakawanikwa
Zvakafanana zvine chekuita neAreka yaNoa zvakawanikwa pasi rose. Marudzidziso akasiana-siana anorichengeta seidi roumwari iro rakaratidzira mitsetse yenhau yebudiriro; tine chinoitika chemvura ine chokuita naAbrahama, uko inovhenganisa migariro inoshanda youpenyu hwezuva nezuva hwenguva yacho, zvakadai, somuenzaniso, mibvunzo ine chokuita neidi rokuti Noa akaita sei kubvisa tsvina yakasiiwa nezviuru zvemhuka navanhu. ivo mazuva ose.
Zvimwe zvitendero zvinotsvaga kunyomba maitiro ekushanduka kweCatholic zvinozvidudzira senzira ine chekuita nezviito zvaNoa. Zvisinei, muzana remakore rechigumi nemanomwe nhoroondo yeareka yakabvumwa nezvidzidzo zvesayenzi ichangobva kuzvarwa yebiogeography, izvi zvinoreva hukama hushoma hwechokwadi hunogona kuva nenhoroondo yechokwadi chevanhu.
The arqueology
Mugore ra1829, musayendisiti ainzi Friedrich Parrot wokuGermany, akaenda kugomo reArarati, aine chinangwa chokutsvaka areka yeBhaibheri, akapedza mwedzi yakawanda achiongorora uye achitsvakurudza, kuti aone kana aigona kuwana chero chinhu chipi zvacho chingamubatsira kuona. chokwadi chebhaibheri, asi mushure mechinguva hapana chaakawana.
Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX, mumwe muongorori wokuRussia anonzi Vladimir Rosskowizky akati akanga awana ngarava yakavigwa pasi peaizi pamusoro peGomo reArarati. Zviremera zveRussia zvakabva zvafunga kutumira rwendo rwekunoona chokwadi. Kwakashumwa kuti zvisaririra zvacho zvaiva zvechikepe chine miitiro yakafanana neareka yaNoa.
Zvisinei, uye nokusvika kwechimurenga cheBolshevik muna 1917, mashoko ose akaunganidzwa akanga anyangarika uye hapana chakanga chasara chekuongorora. Chimwe chinhu chinofadza chinoitika pashure peHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, apo vamwe vakwiri vemakomo, kusanganisira vaongorori, vakati vakanga vawana zvisaririra zveareka yaNoa munzvimbo chaiyo yeGomo reArarati.
Kubva ipapo, nzendo zhinji dzakatumirwa nevatsvaguri vanga vachitsvaga satellite kuratidza kuti zvisaririra ndezvechikepe. Nekudaro, kuferefeta kwakavharwa nenyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika, nekuti muma50, USSR chete nedzimwe nyika dzine miganhu neTurkey dzaigona kuwana gomo.
Muna 1951, chirongwa cheTurkey-America chakaitwa uko yaizivikanwa panguva iyoyo seArarat anomaly yaigona kutorwa mifananidzo kubva mumhepo. Mapikicha anoratidza mamwe mafomu asiri ekuyemurwa kwegomo. Zvisinei, muna 1955, mukwiri wemakomo wokuFrance Fernand Navarra akawana chivako chemapuranga chiri pamamita anopfuura 4.000 XNUMX pamusoro pegungwa.
Mukwiri wemakomo akati zvisaririra zvaiva zveareka yaNoa; Akaratidzawo mbariro apo, maererano naye, chakanga chiri chikamu chechikepe chakawanikwa; Zvisinei, makore mashomanana gare gare chidimbu chehuni chakanyangarika pamwe chete nemukwikwi.
Muna 1965 mutyairi werudzi rweTurkey akatora mufananidzo waaiona semutsindo wechikepe pedyo nenzvimbo ine chando yeArarat. Mufananidzo uyu ucharatidza zvakatsinhirwa neAmerican Turkish expedition nezveArarat anomaly.
Parizvino dzimwe nyanzvi dzemaumbirwo epasi dzakatsigira kuti uku kunyongana kuriko zvechokwadi uye chikamu chechimiro chevhu, icho vazhinji vanoenzanisa netsoka dzakasiiwa neareka yaNoa. Nekudaro, muna 1974 kusarudzika kwakaitika padyo nemuganho pakati peTurkey neIran, uko kwakaonekwa kusafanana kwakafanana, nemhando yemafoto esatellite zvaigoneka kuratidza kuti aive maumbirwo emakomo anoputika.
Iye zvino
Pakazosvika 2010, vatsvakurudzi veChinese neTurkey vakaita tsvakurudzo apo vakakwanisa kuwana chikamu cheareka, maererano navo, vaiva 99% vane chokwadi chokuti chaiva chechikepe. Kuwanikwa kwacho kwaisanganisira chidimbu chehuni icho, maererano nekutsvagisa uye zvidzidzo neCarbon 14 nzira, yakatanga kubva makore angangoita 4.800 apfuura.
Chidzidzo chimwechete chinopa ruzivo chine chekuita netsvina yakasara uye kuti inogona kunge yakachengeta mhuka. Kuferefeta uku kwakarambwa nemapoka ezvesainzi echiKristu, ayo aiti kuferefeta, mapikicha uye kunyange chidimbu chehuni chaive chekunyengera, nevagari venzvimbo iyi sevanopindirana.
Pakupedzisira, kusvikira kuzuva rino hakuna mhinduro dzechokwadi dzine chokuita nezvokwadi pamusoro peareka yaNoa, panguva ino chitendero chechitendero cheMafashamo chichiripo muvatendi vose veKatorike pasi rose.
