Varoma vakarovera Jesu papi?

Kune mavhezheni mazhinji maanotsanangurwa kwavakaroverera Jesu pamuchinjikwa. Zvichienderana nekutenda kwavo nedzidziso, vanoraira uye vanorondedzera zvavanonzwa kana kufunga, kana iwe uchida kubuda mukukahadzika, tevera chinyorwa chedu uye iwe uchaona.

Jesu akaroverwa kupi?

Kune vateveri uye vatendi vaMwari, Jesu mwanakomana wake uye akarondedzera muBhaibheri, vanobvuma kuti saiti uko kwavakaroverera Jesu pamuchinjikwa Inozivikanwa seCalvari, Gorogota, pakaurairwa Jesu. Mumabhuku eBhaibheri aMateu, Mako, Johane naRuka vanotaura nezvehupenyu, basa uye kufa kwaJesu weNazareta; munaLucas vanoreva nzvimbo iyi seDehenya.

Panorehwa, uko kwavakaroverera Jesu pamuchinjikwa kwaingova kuita kuuraya uko vanhu vese vaigona kuenda, dzaive nzvimbo dzakashama; sezvo zvakanzi nzvimbo ino yaive chikamu chemakuva.

Zvinoenderana nezvinotsanangurwa mutsika dzechiJuda neechiKirisitu, Gorogota ndipo paive pakawanikwa dehenya raAdam; dzimwe nyanzvi, Sem naMeilquidesec, vakaita gadziriso pachibvumirano ichi vachinongedzera kuti yaive Areka yaNoa; Vakatorazve dehenya raAdamu ndokurichenesa paGorogota.

Anodiwa muverengi, tinokukoka zvine hushamwari kuti uverenge chinyorwa chedu pane bhuku rechiratidzo kudzidza zvishoma zvishoma nezve hupenyu hwemuranda waMwari uyu.

Nhoroondo,Jesu akaroverwa kupi?

Nzvimbo ino ndiyo yepakati chikamu chepasi, chakatsanangurwa sedanda rakaumbwa remadehenya akachena; iyo nyaya inotaura kuti munzvimbo iyoyo aigara mutungamiri wenyoka yeEdeni; iyi orographic tsananguro, inoburitsa chikonzero nei iine zita iro.

Nzvimbo yeGorogotha ​​inobva muchiitiko chakaitika chaHelen, amai vaConstantine I, chegore 325; mamita mashoma Helena akasiyanisa nzvimbo yeguva raJesu ndokuti awana muchinjikwa wechokwadi. Constantine, mwanakomana wake, akavaka Chechi yeSatur Sepulcher mune iyi mamiriro; Muna 333, mugadziri ane alias Incredible kubva kuBordeaux akaiswa mutsetse muItinerarium Burdigalense basa:

Kuruboshwe kune kukwira kudiki kweGorogotha, uko kwavakaroverera Jesu pamuchinjikwaNguva pfupi yapfuura, pane dome kana guva pakazorora muviri wake, uyezve akamuka zvakare pazuva rechitatu. Nhasi, nemutemo waMambo Constantine, imba yechechi yakavakwa; ndiko kuti, hukama hwehukama hunoshamisa.

Batanidza nzvimbo pamwe nevanokamura vemuno

MuBhaibheri, Testamente Itsva, inoreva nzvimbo yakarovererwa pamuchinjikwa, Gorogota, senzvimbo iri pedyo neguta uye panguva imwe cheteyo kunze kwezvikamu zvenzvimbo. Nzvimbo yakabvumiranwa iri pakati peguta reHadrian, panguva imwe cheteyo semukati memukomberedzo wenzvimbo dzekare dzeJerusarema; neiyi nzira, pane kumwe kupera simba pachokwadi cherondedzero yenguva dzose yenyika iyoyo.

Zvidziviriro zveiyi sungano zvakaratidzira kuti kumucheto kwevapatsanuri kwaive kudiki kwazvo munguva yaJesu, kuti Calvary yaive kunze kweavo vakapatsanura; Nekudaro, ivo vanoziva kuti Herodhi Agripa akawedzera mukamuri wedunhu kuchamhembe, uye panguva imwecheteyo zvinogamuchirwa kuti zvikamu zvinowanza kumadokero.

Oxford Christian Church

Muna 2004, mudzidzisi Sir Henry, nhengo yakakosha yeChechi yeChristian muOxford, anopupura kuti apo zvivakwa zvaHadrian zvakagadzirisa muguta rekare, nenzira isingafungidzirwe vakasimbisa Golgotha ​​pakati pevatsva.

Vamwe vanopikisa vanoiisa kune imwe nzvimbo sezvo muparidzi achinongedzera pakuonekwa kwegwara rakadzivirirwa pamusoro paro, mairi iro rakagovana rakaomarara raisazokwanisa kuve padyo neCalvari, uye panguva imwechete kuswedera kweGomo reTemberi. angadai akaburitsa chikamu chidiki mukati memapoka enharaunda yese, kunyanya muchiitiko chekufungidzira kuti Kalvari ichave iri kunze kweizvi.

Vanokodzera vanoona uye nzvimbo

Iyo yetsika saiti yeKarivhari haina kunyatso kuzivikanwa nevose seyo saiti uko kwavakaroverera Jesu pamuchinjikwa; Kwegore ra1842, gweta nemutsvakurudzi pamusoro pemadingindira eevhangeri yeDresden ainzi Otto Thenius, akateerera kuferefetwa kwaEdward Robinson kuti atarise dzidziso yaizoburitsa kuti chikomo chisina kunaka chaive Gedhi reDhamasiko raive Gorogota remubhaibheri.

Makore akati gare gare apo Major General Charles vakatora fungidziro iyi, iyo saiti iyi nenzira imwechete yakanzi Calvary yaGordon; Nhasi, nzvimbo yataurwa pamusoro peDehenya Chikomo ine nzvimbo yakatetepa pazasi ine mawindo makuru maviri, uko Gordon akaonga kuti akatorwa mushure memaziso ehenya.

Vamwe kumberi uye iye amene akafunga, kuti chaive chiri chikonzero nei yakanzi Gorogota, zvichireva dehenya. Parutivi peCalvary yaGordon pane guva rekare rakapetwa nedombo iro nhasi rinonzi Guva reGindu. Gordon akaronga uye akatonga kuti iri raive guva raive rakarara Jesu, nekuti Bindu reGadheni rine maburi akavharika.

Barkay Gabriel, anochera, anoti guva iri riripo kubvira muzana ramakore rechinomwe BC, panotaurwa kuti rakanga rakaremara. Eusebios weKesariya akataura kuti Gorogota yaive panguva yakakodzera, kuchamhembe kweGomo reZioni.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, shoko rokuti Gomo reZioni rakanga richishandiswa kutaura Gomo reTemberi; Flavius ​​​​Josephus, mudzidzi wekutanga wechiJudha wenhoroondo yezana remakore rapfuura aiziva Jerusarema kusati kwaparadzwa vaRoma mugore re70, akataura kuti Gomo reZioni raionekwa seWestern Hill, iro rinoonekwa kumaodzanyemba kweBindu. Guva uye Tembere yeNzvimbo Tsvene.

Pfungwa dzakawanikwa

Rodger Dusatko, muevhangeri weGerman, akasimudza imwe mamiriro; Dusatko anobvuma kuti munzvimbo huru iyi, Gorogota iri pamberi peSuwo reShumba, nhoroondo dzevadzidzi Mateo, Mako naRuka vanotora matanho panofa Jesu votaura kuti jasi renzvimbo tsvene rakaputswa.

Kune rimwe divi, kuziviswa kwevaSyria, Diatessaron yaTatian naBaba veTembere vanopupura kuti chifukidziro chemusuwo wetabhenakeri chakakamurwa, nezvose izvi, kapu yakanga isiri mukati meNzvimbo Tsvene inozivikanwa.

Tebhenekeri yakavakwa yakananga kumabvazuva, hamvuropu kana chishongo cherouvre chaionekwa kune vanhu vaive panzvimbo iyoyo, iyo yakanangana nekumusoro kumabvazuva kwekumusoro kweGomo reTemberi, iri kunze kwekukamurwa kweguta.

Panguva imwecheteyo, kutaura kuti rima rakatsemuka panguva yakafa Jesu, zvinoenderana nevabatsiri vaive vari muchiitiko ichi. Vhangeri raJohane rinonongedzera kuGorogota senzvimbo huru padyo neguta, kuitira kuti vanhu vese vanopfuura vagone kuverenga zvishoma nezvishoma kuvezwa pamuchinjikwa wevakarangwa uye pakaroverwa Jesu.

Nzvimbo yekurovererwa kwaigona kunge yaive padyo nemusuwo weguta zvekuti Jesu angadai akanzwa vanhu vachikakavadzana nezve hupenyu hwake. Tichifunga izvo Mapisarema 69:12 anoti "Avo vagere pamusuwo vakataura zvakaipa pamusoro pangu"

Kune vamwe vese, Eusebios weKesariya anotsanangura nezve Gorogota muOnomastic yake kuti Gorogota yaibuda pachena kubva kuJerusarema, kuchamhembe kweGomo reZiyoni rekare, saka mafungiro anoitwa pakunyora uku.

Kuroverwa

Kuroverwa pamuchinjikwa kunomiririra kuurayiwa kwehutsinye kwaJesu muJudhiya pakati pa30 na33 AD; mhosva inotyisa inotaurwa munhoroondo dzevadzidzi vake Mateo, Mako naRuka mutsamba dzeMagwaro.

Huwandu hukuru hwevadzidzi venhoroondo uye nyanzvi muTestamente Itsva vanoona kuti kufa pamuchinjikwa kwaJesu weNazareta mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kusimbiswa, kugamuchirwa nevatori uye nevamwe vasiri vechiKristu vakawana kekutanga nekechipiri mazana emakore apfuura. Kujekesa ipapo, sezvo pasina zvibvumirano pakati pevateresi pane mamiriro kana hunyengeri hweichi chiitiko.

Sekutaurwa kwazvakaitwa muBhaibheri, muTestamente Itsva, Jesu akasungwa, akatsungirira asina kumhan'ara kuDare reJerusarema uye akamanikidzwa negweta Pondiyo Pirato kuti arohwe uye aurayiwe zvisingaite. Mukuumba, zviito izvi zvinozivikanwa sekupenga kwaKristu.

Vanotsvaga vasiri vechiKristu, vakaita saJosephus kana Tacitus, vanopawo mufananidzo wezuva nezuva, kunyangwe wakanyorwa zvakaomarara, wekufa kamwe kamwe kwaJesu. Nenzira imwecheteyo, kune huwandu hwevadzidzi veBhaibheri, iko padyo nekuvezwa kana zita rekutongwa kwaJesu weNazareta, parizvino mune ina dzakabvumirwa kuverenga, ungangove mushumo wekongiri wakanyanya wekumiririrwa kweshamhu yake. .

Kufa kwaJesu

Kugara kwaJesu nerufu rwake zvinotsanangura zvikamu zvepakati zvepfungwa dzechiKristu dzechitendero, zviri mumatanho eruponeso nekuvandudza.

MaKristu vakanzwisisa kufa kwaJesu paMuchinjikwa serufu nekupa kunyangadza kwekutendeuka. MaKatorike nemaKristo echokwadi vanopemberera sakaramende sekugadzirisa kana kuenderera mberi, vachipa rukudzo rudiki kuchokwadi, kubva kwavakarovera Jesu.

Kupenga kwaKristu kunoreva kushungurudzika kwakatambudzwa naJesu Kristu asati apfuura muchinjikwa, pasina hukama hwakakosha nekongiri, mudzvanyiriri kana evhangeri yekuzvikudza; zvisinei, vamwe vakaedza kuumba kuzvipira kune iyo ina nyaya.

Ndokunge, Tatian kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, muzana ramakore rapfuura uye pakati pevadzidzisi vemazuva ano, nhoroondo iyi haina kuzombonyorwa seyakaenzana, sekusimbiswa kwevaKristu neMediterranean nezvenguva yePassion yaKristu.

Panguva imwecheteyo, Chechi yeSyria, iyo yakatora Diatessaron yaTatian, yaitonga nhoroondo ina dzakapihwa simba, yakazoda kuisiya kune zviratidzo zvevhangeri.

 Kutanga uye kugutsikana

Kutongwa uye kuparadzwa kwaJesu Kristu kunorondedzerwa nenzira yakajeka sezvo vamwe vagadziri vachifungidzira kuti yakaoma, tichifunga nezvetsika yekuti kupinza kunoongororwa hakuna kufanira kune mumwe nemumwe, panguva imwe chete nezviitiko zvakapesana .

Sekutaura kunoita Evhangeri nhatu dzaMateu, Mako naRuka, Jesu akasungwa kukireshi yeGethsemane nekuungana kwakamanikidzwa nevapristi vakazvipira, vanyori nevakuru; Akazivikanwa naJudhasi Iskarioti, mumwe wevadzidzi vake, nekutsvoda.

Anodiwa muverengi, tinokurudzira kuti uteedzere chinyorwa chedu pa kutambudzwa kwechikristu uye iwe uchazoziva zvishoma zvishoma nezvenyaya iyi.

Jesu pamberi paKayafasi

Mushure mekusungwa kwaJesu, akaendeswa, sezvakaratidzwa nemagwaro, kunzvimbo yemufundisi anonzi Kayafasi. Sekutaura kunoita John muEvhangeri yake, pakutanga akaunzwa pamberi paAnasi, uyo akabva amutumira kuna Caiphas, mufundisi wegore iro.

Zviteshi kana kudonha

Anotemerwa kutakura muchinjikwa muhombe uye unorema achienda kunzvimbo yematsotsi. Sekuratidzwa kwezvinyorwa zvenguva pfupi, zvakatorwa kuti zvizadzikiswe, zvaive zvakafanira kusiya muchinjikwa kumunhu anonzi Simoni weKurini.

Mumagwaro matsvene, hapana kana nguva yakatarwa kuti Jesu akawira pasi pehuremu hwechipiyaniso hofori; MuEvhangeri yaJohani, hapana kutaurwa pamusoro paSimoni weKurini, asi zvinoreva Jesu akatakura muchinjikwa wake.

Bhuku raMako rinotaura kuti Jesu akarovererwa paawa yechitatu, izvi zvinoenderana nekutanga kwezuva; asi muEvhangeri yaJohani rinotsanangura kuti chiitiko chacho chakaitika paawa yechitanhatu, kunyanya kana kuti zvishoma na12 masikati.

Kudzingwa uye kutsakatika

Panguva yekuuraiwa, varindi vana nemukuru wezana vaivapo, kuti vape rubatsiro rwemupomeri. MuBhaibheri, zvinowanikwa kuti mushure mekuurayiwa, mbatya dzake dzakabviswa kwaari.

Mudzidzisi uye anthropologist, Josef Zias, weRockefeller University uye muchengeti weDhipatimendi reAntiquities neMuseums yeIsrael, anotaura nezvekuti humhondi hwekumanikidza muJudhiya hungadai husina kuitika nemichinjikwa mikuru yakadai. Anotaura kuti huni dzakataurwa, nekuti iyo nguva yaive yemiorivhi, uye miti iyi haina kukura.

Bhuku reEvhangeri rinotaura kuti magadhi eRoma akapa Jesu waini nekutya kukuru; Panguva iyoyo, Zias anodaro, masoja akamedza waini ine acidic, ine languid, yakafanana nevhiniga; pamwe chinwiwa chavakapa Jesu Kristu.

Nenzira imwecheteyo, inotaura kuti Jesu akashevedzera "Eloi, Eloi, lamá sabactani", mutauro wechiAramaiki uye zvinoreva kuti: "Mwari wangu, Mwari wangu, mandisiirei?" Mashoko ake muchikamu chekupedzisira: "Baba, mumaoko enyu ndinopa mweya wangu", zvichireva kuti zvese zvakange zvatozadziswa, zvichireva kuti mazwi ekupedzisira aJesu anosiyanawo muzvinyorwa.

Bhuku reEvhangeri yaJohani rinorondedzera kuti Jesu akarovererwa maoko. Izwi rechiGiriki raive kheir, iro risingangorevi ruoko chete asi zvakare rinosanganisira ruoko rwemberi; nenzira imwecheteyo mubhuku reMabasa eVaApostora uye inotaura kuti ngetani dzaPetro dzakasununguka kubva pamaoko ake, mudzidzisi anoti zvingangoita kuti ngetani dzaive pamaoko ake.

Kubva kuNew York City, Rockland County Chief Reconstruction Analyst Dr. Frederick Zugibe anobvuma kuti zvipikiri zvingadai zvakaiswa muchanza, pachigaro chechigunwe, uye nekubuda mubatanidzwa.

Tsoka

Archaeologist V. Tzaferis akaongorora zvikamu zvasara ndokuona kuti zvipenga zvembambo zvine ngura zvakaramba zviri mupfupa recalcane retsoka pane rakaraswa. Zvejaya rakaurayiwa munguva ya7 na66 AD. Muzvinafundo Nicu Haas, anthropologist paHebrew University muJerusalem, akaongorora nzvimbo yakarovererwa Jesu; anthropologist aifungidzira kuti zvitsitsinho zvaiendeswa mukati ne12 cm mbambo.

Chidzidzo chakaitwa naProf. Joe Zias naDr Eliezer Seketes, vanobva kuHebrew University uye neHadasha School of Medicine, vakataura kuti chipikiri chakatorwa naHaas kusvika pamasendimita gumi nemasere kusvika gumi neshanu, chaingova masendimita 17 chete, pakaroverwa tsoka imwe neimwe zvakasiyana pane imwe nzvimbo yepamuchinjikwa.

Zvichida zvikonzero zvekufa

Inoreva moyo wakaputsika, uko mvura neropa zvakabuda. Musayendisiti Pierre Barbet akataura kuti kufa kwaikonzerwa nekudzipwa, chinzvimbo chemawoko akatambanudzwa achitsigira muviri wese, hazvina kumutendera kufema.

Dr. F. Zugibe, anobva kuColumbia University, mukuongorora kwake uko kwavakaroverera Jesu pamuchinjikwa, akatsanangura, munhu ane maoko akawedzera 60 ° kusvika 70 ° kubva pakamira, nezvose zvinosanganisira kusakwanisa kufema, hazvikonzere kufa kamwe kamwe. Anotaura kuti inofanirwa kunge iri coup de nyasha yakamukonzeresa embolism, iyo daze isingakonzere kudzipwa.

Kune dzidziso dzakawanda dzinotsanangura uko kwavakaroverera Jesu pamuchinjikwaIzvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti izwi rakanyorwa nevadzidzi vake rairehwa nezviitiko zvakaitika uye mushure mekunge zvaitika. Pazvinoreva kuti sainzi yaizowanda uye vashoma vangatenda, vachakahadzika nezvakaitika, chokwadi chinoita nharo asi izwi raMwari richaramba riri, mushure memazana emakore.