Chadenga chine mavambo kana kuputika kukuru kwekuwedzera kwayo (Big Bang) uye pane kutaura kwekupera (Big Crunch). Asi chii chinoitika munguva iyoyo pakati peMakuru maviri? Chadenga chave chichishanduka sei Kuparara Kukuru kusati kwasvika? Kune zvakawanda zvapupu uye kubvunza maererano neizvi chokwadi izvo zvatinowanzoziva sezvizvi Cosmology.
Chii chinonzi Cosmology?
Cosmology ndiyo sainzi inosangana nemabviro uye kushanduka kweUniverse kufanana nezvose.
Dzidziso uye Nhoroondo Evolution yeCosmology
El kukura kwe cosmology Hazvina kufambirana nekuongorora kwekuedza, sezvo izvi kazhinji zvakaoma kwazvo kuita, uye zvimwe chete zvinozivikanwa chokwadi chinoshandiswa kupa nharo dzekunaka kune inoshamisa dzidziso inogona kuratidzwa kumatemu ayo ekupedzisira.
Mupfungwa iyi, panguva ino, kuedza, kunyanya probes inotumirwa kune nzvimbo uye mwaranzi izvo zvechadenga kana chadenga chatinotsvanzvadzira paPasi, zviri kuunza zera regoridhe mudzidziso yecosmological, uye zvekare zviitiko zviri pamberi pedu. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, vanhu vanoziva uye zvikonzero izvo zvekufungidzira chikamu icho pasina mubvunzo chine hukama nechikamu ichi cheFizikisi.
Tinogona kutsvaga kutanga kweWestern Cosmology makore 2500 apfuura, munguva yechiGiriki. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti yekutanga huru cosmological dzidziso, iyo yakaramba iripo kutozosvikira Renaissance, yakadzivirirwa naPlato uye, pamusoro pezvose, Aristotle, nezvinhu zvayo zvina, ndiko kuti, pasi, mvura, mhepo uye moto.
Pamusoro pekufamba kuya kwekugara uye kwakakwana kwezvinhu zvemudenga zvakatsanangurwa mumasere anotenderera ekristaro spheres, ane nyaya yaive inonzi quintessence. Zvese zvinotungamirwa neMugadziri Mukuru, pamwe ne Pasi pakati.
Saizvozvowo, nguva yeiyi Aristotelian Cosmology inogona zvakare kufumurwa neshanduko ad hoc yakaitwa nenyanzvi yenyeredzi Claudius Ptolemy kuti atsanangure zvikanganiso zviri pachena zvakaonekwa kufamba kwenyeredzi (kunyanya kudzoka kwemapuraneti).
Ukuwo, hazvina kusvika mugore ra1543 apo modhi yaAristotle yegeocentric yakashandurwa nemuenzaniso weheliocentric wenyanzvi yemasvomhu yekuPoland Nicholas Copernicus, uyo chaizvo gore rekufa kwake akazivisa basa rake pakumukira kwehondo. mativi edenga.
Nenzira iyi, pfungwa idzi dzakabvumirwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye dzakanatswa nyanzvi dzenyeredzi kufanana neGermany Johannes Kepler kuChadenga chitsva chinokwevera cheMurungu Isaac Newton, chakagara kusvikira Albert Einstein ataura dzidziso yake yeGeneral Relativity muzana remakore rechiXNUMX.
Pakupedzisira, muchikamu chekupedzisira cheCosmology hurukuro yakaita shanduko inokosha, kureva, ruzivo rwe Universe pamwero mukuru waisagona kuparadzaniswa nefundo yefizikisi yedukusa, kwakanga kuri madikanwa kuti Astronomy neParticle Physics zvienderane pamwe chete kuvaka dzidziso ipi neipi yecosmological.
Unogonawo kufarira: CONSTELLATIONS: CHAKAVANZIKA CHAKAVANZIKA CHENYEREDZI MUNZIRA YEDU YEMAKA.
The Cosmological Principle
El Cosmological Principle, inotaura kuti vose vanocherechedza vanocherechedza zvakafanana cosmohistory. Saizvozvo, musimboti uyu unopokana neambotaurwa "anthropic misimboti", apo maonero edu pamusoro pePasirose aizove neropafadzo.
3 Dhata Nezve Cosmological Nheyo
Zvakakosha kuziva zvese zvine chekuita nekuona uku kuti unzwisise zviri nyore kutanga cosmological.
1. Migumisiro Yakananga
Imwe yemhedzisiro yakananga yeiyo cosmological musimboti ndeyekufungidzira iyo kuenzana uye isotropy ye Universe pamwero mukuru. Pane fungidziro huru yekuti maumbirwo eChadenga anoratidza kufanana kunoshamisa kwezvinhu nemwaranzi pazvikero zve108 light years.
2. Robertson-Walker metric
Iyo cosmological musimboti zvakare inozivisa iyo geometry iyo yatinofanira kushandisa kuyera madaro uye nguva dzenguva pachiyero ichi, uye nekuda kweizvi tinofanira kuwana metric inodzora iyi geometry pamwero mukuru.
3. Nzira yekuwana sei masvomhu?
Masvomhu aya anobva pa Relativity Einstein General, asi hatifanire kusiya padivi chokwadi chekuti zvese zvakavakirwa pakuita mabasa eiyo geometer huru, uye kunze kweiyo yababa ve geometry, Euclid, mabasa evasiri Euclidean geometries emaGerman Carl Friedrich Gauss uye. Bernhard Riemann, wokuHungary János Bolyai naNikolai Lobachevski wokuRussia, muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, vakasarudza. Saka ngationei kuti metric inotorwa sei.
Iyo inowanzotanga kubva kune inonzi Weyl postulate iyo inotora kufanana kweiyo Universe se substrate kana mvura yakakwana umo ma geodesics ari orthogonal kumhuri yenzvimbo-genus hypersurfaces.
Kureva kuti tichashanda neinozivikanwa se comoving coordinates, iyo inotsanangurwa nekudonha kwemahara kwevacherechedzi vakakosha, kuitira kuti ma geodeics maviri asapindirane kunze kwekunge pane imwe nzvimbo imwechete munguva yakapfuura kana mune ramangwana.
Kana ivo vanocherekedza vakakosha vakafananidza wachi yavo apo kune ese iwo cosmological parameters vane hunhu hwakafanana (tembiricha, avhareji density, kudzvanywa, pakati pezvimwe) iyo inoshanda yakajairika nguva ndiyo inozivikanwa se cosmic time t, iyo inotsanangura nzvimbo dzakafanana. Zvikeche zvezvimiro zvakaonekwa nevacherechedzi vepakutanga ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti cosmohistory.
Cosmology uye Big Bang
Kunyangwe iyo modhi ye Big Bang kana kuti inozivikanwawo seBig Bang, imhando yedzidziso inocherechedzwa ine simba uye inogamuchirwa nerupo pakati pesaenzi nharaunda, pane zvimwe zvinhu zvinoramba zvichigadziriswa.
Unogonawo kufarira: BIG BANG: DZIDZISO UYE Uchapupu HUNORATIDZA KUTANGA KWEZVINHU
6 Yakakosha Zvidzidzo Zvehukama Pakati PeCosmology Uye Iyo Big Bang
Zvimwe zvezvidzidzo izvi ndezvi:
1. Kusaziva Kwakabva Cosmology
Hazvizivikanwe kuti chii chakaitika mumazuva ekutanga mushure mechiitiko ichi Big Bang. Mhinduro inonzverwa kupfurikidza nefundo yechisiko chapose pose chapakuvamba, imwe yenharidzano dzacho iri yokuwana tsananguro yemubatanidzwa unobvira wamasimba mana anokosha. Aya ndiwo: simba rakasimba renyukireya, simba renyukireya risina kusimba, simba remagetsi emagetsi nemasimba emasimba mana anozivikanwa segiravhiti).
2. Kukundikana kweDefinitive Model
Iko hakuna mhedziso yemhando yekusikwa kwezvimiro zvazvino, kubva kuBig Bang. Mhinduro inotsvakwa nekudzidza kugadzirwa uye kushanduka kwemagalaxi uye cosmic kusimuka.
3. Kusava nechokwadi Nezve The Big Crunch
Hazvizivikanwi kuti chii chinonzi terminable fate ye zvakasikwa.
4. Rima Matter uye Rima Simba
Kazhinji, chimiro che zvinhu zvakasviba uye simba rakasviba.
5. Elementary Particles
Muchinguvana mushure meBig Bang izvo zvekutanga zvimedu zvakasimuka, iyo curds kumusoro mumaproton uye quarks pasi mumanyuturoni, uye chiyero chaicho cheproton kune neutron hachizivikanwi.
6. Bumbiro reElementary Particles
Elementary particles anogadzirwa nema quarks maviri ane charge yemagetsi yakafanana, vangadai vasina kukwanisa kuroora nekuda kwekubatana kwemagetsi, hazvibatsiri kuenda kudyidzana kwenyukireya kwakasimba.
Zvakanaka, izvi zvine chete kudarika kwehukuru hwehukuru hwe atomic nucleus uye zvakare nekuti kupindirana kwemagetsi kune yakakura uye kana chadenga chakawedzera musekondi imwe chete zana octillion nguva, munguva ino yenguva pfupi kudyidzana kwakasimba kwenyukireya hakugone kuunganidza dzinenge dzese (kana dzisiri dzese) dzema quarks.
Unogonawo kufarira: MAGALAXI, MAFOMU AWO AKANAKA NEZVINONYANYA ZVINONYANYA KUDA KUDA.
Mukupedzisa, Cosmology ndeye bazi re Physics iyo ine mibvunzo yakawanda, uye mukuona kwangu, ndinofunga kuti kuchine zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvekushandisa kuti uenderere mberi nekusimudzira sainzi iyi.