Kuti Bhaibheri reCatholic rakakamurwa sei: Ndimi, Zvikamu uye Mabhuku

Unoziva here kuti Bhaibheri reCatholic rakakamurwa sei?Zvakanaka, munyaya ino tichakupa udzame hwese hwemanyorerwo akaitwa bhuku iri, iro rine zvese zvine chekuita nekutenda nedzidziso dzebhaibheri.

Kuti Bhaibheri reCatholic rakakamurwa sei

Bhaibheri rakafanana neLibhurari huru izere nemabhuku, umo unogona kuona chivakwa chikuru chine nhanho mbiri dzinonzi Testamente Yekare neItsva. Kufamba mairi kwakafanana nekutsvaga nzira huru ine chiedza chinokubatsira kuti unzwisise zviri nani chimiro chayo uye zvikamu.

Paunoverenga Bhaibheri unenge uine betsero huru mumaoko ako inogona kukusunda kushandura upenyu hwako uye kuona zvinhu zvose neimwe nzira, uye unogona kunzwisisa rudo rukuru urwo Jesu akanga anarwo kwatiri. Iraibhurari izere neuchenjeri.

General Division

Bhaibheri rakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri, Testamente Yekare neTestamente Itsva. Pekutanga yakadanwa diatheke, Izwi rechiGiriki rinoreva kuronga kana chibvumirano asi gare gare rinobva kuTestamende iro rinobva muchiLatin Testamende, uye nezita iroro richiripo kusvikira nhasi kutaura zvikamu zviviri zveBhaibheri.

Vanhu vaishandura kubva muchiGiriki, vanozivikanwa seSeptuagint, vakatora shoko racho muchiHebheru Berit, iyo inoreva sungano youchangamire, uye pamwe chete nayo, nongedzero yakaitwa kumubatanidzwa wakanga uri pakati pavaHebheru veSinai naMwari kana kuti Jehovha.

Numerical Division of the Bible

Zvitendero zviviri chete zvinotongwa nedzidziso dzeBhaibheri, dzechiJudha nedzechiKristu, dzekupedzisira dzakakamurwa kuva Orthodox, Katorike nemamwe masangano echiKristu. KuvaJudha, ruzivo chete kana dzidziso dzinowanikwa muTestamende Yekare dzinoshanda, iyo yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu:

• Mutemo
• Vaporofita
• Mamwe manyoro matsvene

Pamwe chete vanongoziva mabhuku makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe, emakumi mana nematanhatu ane Testamente Yekare. KumaKatorike vanotora Bhaibheri rose sedzidziso dzavo nemabhuku aro makumi manomwe nematatu, makumi mana nematanhatu eTestamente Yekare ne39 eTestamente Itsva. Mapurotesitendi anongocherechedza mabhuku makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe emuTesitamende yekare uye makumi maviri nemanomwe emuTestamente Itsva, pamabhuku ebhaibheri makumi matanhatu nematanhatu. Musiyano mazviri ose haubvi mune zvinowanikwa mutestamende itsva asi mune yekare.

Pakutanga zvaitendwa kuti chitendero chechiJudha chakavakirwa pamakanoni maviri, eAlexandria nePalestine, nekudaro chechi yakafunga nezveAlexandria iyo yaive yakareba kana yakakura, asi kubva muzana ramakore rekutanga kana rechipiri shure kwaKristu vakasarudza kuchengeta vhezheni iyi yePalestine, iyo ipfupi, nokudaro musiyano wenhamba yemabhuku avanoziva. Aya mafungiro akagara akadaro kwekanguva asi akazorambwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana:

• Kutanga, kuti kushandurwa kweBhaibheri kubva muchiHebheru kuenda kuchiGiriki hakuna kuitwa nenzira imwe chete, uye kunyange zvishoma zvokuti rakashandurwa panguva imwe cheteyo.
• Chechipiri, mazhinji emabhuku aizivikanwa emubhaibheri aive akashandurwa neSeptuagint, uye aya aive akavakirwa pamakodhekisi echiKristu kubva muna IV neV mazana emakore Kristu apfuura, saka mazwi echiKristu akange atoshandiswa panguva iyoyo ndosaka paine akawanda akasiyana. points.
• Chechitatu pakati pemaJuda emuPalestine pakanga pasina kufanana pamusoro pezvavaive nazvo mumagwaro matsvene avo, saka pakanga pasina zvakare gwaro rePalestine rakadaro.

Nezvikonzero zvitatu izvi hazvizivikanwe kuti ndeipi yaive miganho yemabhuku aizivikanwa nemaJuda eAlexandria, saka panofanira kunge paine mabhuku kubva kuPalestine, Alexandria, zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa nechiGiriki zvakaita seBhuku reUngwaru, muchiHebheru, chiAramaic. , nezvimwewo.

Neiyi nzira, dzose dziri mbiri chechi dzeKaturike neOrthodox, kupfurikidza neDare reHippo, rakaitika muna 383 pashure paKristu, rakajekesa kuti mabhuku akanga akafuridzirwa naMwari akanga ari protocanonical (Mutemo Wokutanga), deuterocanonical (Mutemo Wechipiri ), uyo yakazotenderwa paKanzuru yeTrent muna 1546.

Kubva ipapo inogona kutariswa senharo imwe chete zvekuti ive nemabhuku makumi manomwe nematatu uye kwete makumi matanhatu nematanhatu anotevera:

• Kuti ruzhinji rwevaKristu vekutanga vanoumbwa nevaApostora nevadzidzi vaJesu vakashandisa shanduro yeBhaibheri yeSeptuagint yechiGiriki, nemamwe mazwi Testamente Yekare ine mabhuku makumi mana nematanhatu.
• Kuti Jesu paakaudza Petro kuti aizomupa kiyi dzeUmambo hwaMwari uye kuti chipi nechipi chaisungwa pasi pano chichasungwawo kudenga uye chipi nechipi chaisunungurwa pasi pano chasunungurwawo kudenga, chinoita kuti tinzwisise uye tibvume kuti vaya avo vaKristu vokutanga vaitenda, vaiita uye vakashandisa mushoko kana kuti inzwi vanofanira kuzvitendawo.
• Zvizhinji zvezvikonzero zvaishandiswa nemaJuda zvekusagashira zvizere mabhuku aDhuteronomio muTestamende Yekare yavaishandisa yaive yekuti vaive vasina masimba ehumwari, nekuti pakazosvika gore ra100 mushure meKristu nharaunda yevaKristu yakanga yatoumbwa uye Vaive nesimba. mumunda wavo.

Muchidimbu, chinonyanya kukosha kwatiri mudiatribe yese iyi ndechekuti bhaibheri sezvatinoziva iro rine mabhuku makumi manomwe nematatu akafemerwa naMwari, kureva kuti ishoko raMwari rakanyorwa pane dzimwe nguva dzeChivanhu. uye kuti Hapana chingawedzerwa kwairi uye, chokwadi, hapana chingabviswa kwairi, sezvo sungano yaMwari yokupedzisira nesu isingazopfuuri uye hatizofaniri kumirira chimwe chizaruro kusvikira Jesu Kristu adzoka zvakare samambo wedu nashe wedu. .

Mukuwedzera, chechi bedzi yakapfuudza shoko raMwari munyika yose yave iri Chechi yeKaturike kupfurikidza nemisha yamamongi yakasiana-siana, kupfurikidza namamongi ayo ayo akakopa magwaro matsvene, kupfurikidza nemitambo yawo yokunamatira, mhemberero dzawo dzakapoteredza Kristu uye kupfurikidza nokuratidza kuna vose kuti Bhaibheri. pachayo ine. Hakungavi nekugamuchirwa kweBhaibheri kana kereke yakachengetedza zvese zviri mariri ikasagamuchirwa kuti isarasikirwe.

Mabhuku asina kugamuchirwa nechiJudha nemamwe masekete orudzidziso ndeayo aTobias, Judith, Wisdom, Sirach, Bharuki uye bhuku 1 ne2 raMaccabees.

Thematic Division

Kana tichipatsanura nemadingindira emubhaibheri tinofanirawo kuzviita kuburikidza neTestamende Yekare, munguva dzaKristu uye nanhasi maJuda vachine kupatsanurwa seizvi, paive nemabhuku eMutemo, Maporofita nezvimwe Magwaro. Paava maviri ekutanga ndiwo akanyanya kukosha kumaJuda. Kristu akataura zvakawanda kubva muzvinyorwa zvetestamende yekare, izvi zvaishandiswa mumagungano.

Parizvino uye nekereke yeCatholic muTestamente Yekare yakakamurwa kuita mabhuku mashanu anodaidzwa kuti Pentateuch, izwi iri rinobva muchiGiriki penta iro rinoreva shanu uye Teuco iro rinoreva midziyo. Kubva ipapo kwakauya kutaura kwemakesi, uko kwaichengeterwa mipumburu yenhokwe kana kuti mabhuku. Aya mabhuku mashanu emaJuda ndiwo avanodaidza kuti Torah kana kuti Mutemo uye rimwe nerimwe rawo raimiririra chikamu chechishanu chemutemo. Pentateuch inoumbwa nemabhuku e:

• Kubuda
• Genesisi
• Revhi
• Numeri
• Dhuteronomi

Ipapo kune Mabhuku eUchenjeri:

• Mapisarema
• basa
• Zvirevo
• Muparidzi
• Rwiyo rwekuimba
• Wisdom
• Sirach kana Ecclesiasticus

The Historical Books anotevera:

• Joshua
• Rut
• XNUMX Samueri
• II Samueri
• I Madzimambo
• II Madzimambo
• I Makoronike
• II Makoronike
• Ezra
• Nehemiya
• Tobias
• Kutonga
• Esther
• Vatongi
• Ini Maccabees
• II Maccabees

KumaJuda vaporofita vekare vaive Joshua, Vatongi, Samueri naMadzimambo sezvo vachitaura nyaya dzehupenyu hwevaporofita vakuru vakaita saEria, Erisha naSamueri. KumaCatholic ava vanongozivikanwa sevaporofita.

MuBhaibheri rechiGiriki Bhuku raSamueri neBhuku raMadzimambo rakanga riri bhuku rimwe chete, nenzira imwe cheteyo yakaitika kuna Makoronike rakanga riri bhuku rimwe chete naEzra naNehemia rinorangarirwa kuva romunyori mumwe cheteyo. Bhaibheri rechiGiriki uye gare gare Vulgate iyo Musande Jerome akanyora kuna Chronicles yaizivikanwa seParalipomenos. Mushure memabhuku aya kunouya Mabhuku echiporofita:

• Isaya
• Jeremiah
• Kuchema
• Bharuki
• Ezekiel
• Daniel
• Hosiya
• Joel
• Amosi
• Obhadhiya
• Jona
• Mika
• Nahum
• Habhakuki
• Zefaniya
• Zekariya
• Maraki

Zvino muTestamente Itsva tinowana zvikamu zvina kana zvikamu, zvinotanga neEvhangeri, Mabasa evaApostora, Tsamba dzeTestamente Itsva uye Tsamba dzeKatorike. Evhangeri ndeaya e: San Mateo, San Marcos, San Lucas neSan Juan.

Mabasa eVaapostora: Muboka iri mune tsamba kana kuti tsamba 21 dzakanyorwa nevaapostora.

Tsamba dzeTestamende Itsva: inoumbwa netsamba dzakasiyana-siyana dzakanyorwa nevaapositori kana vadzidzi uye dzakanyorerwa vanhu venguva iyoyo: VaRoma, I naII Vakorinde, VaGaratia, VaEfeso, VaFiripi, VaKorose, I na II VaTesaronika, I naXNUMX Timotio, Tito, Firimoni naVaHebheru.

Tsamba dzeKatorike itsamba dzakanyorwa nevaapositori idzo dzaSantiago, I na II Pedro; I, II uye III Johane; Judha uye Apocalypse.

Pentateuch kana Torah

Aya ndiwo mabhuku anotaura nezvekusika kwakaita Mwari nyika, kuti Abrahamu akasarudzwa sei, mitemo nedzidziso chii uye kuti ukama hwaMwari nevanhu vake hwakanga hwakaita sei, vakawanda vanotenda kuti mabhuku aya akanyorwa nemuporofita Mosesi, aJesu pachake akaati bhuku racho. Mutemo waMosesi (Ruka 24:44). Madingindira akakodzera emabhuku mashanu aya ndeaya:

• Hupenyu hwaAdhamu naEvha
• Ukama hwaKaini naAbheri
• Kuvakwa kweAreka yaNoa
• Kuvakwa kweshongwe yeBhabheri
• Nhoroondo yemaguta eSodhoma neGomora
• Nyaya yaAbrahama nemudzimai wake Sara
• Nyaya yaIsaka naRibheka
• Hukama hwaJakobho naEsau
• Nyaya yaJosefa nejasi remavara mazhinji
• Upenyu hwaMosesi kubva pakuzvarwa, kusvika akwanisa kusunungura vanhu veIsraeri, kuyambuka kwaakaita Gungwa Dzvuku, Easter, mirairo 10 neareka yesungano kusvika pakufa kwake.
• Chii chakaitika kumadzinza 12 aIsraeri?
• Mitemo yose, tsika nemitambo yavana vaIsraeri.

mabhuku enhoroondo

Muchikamu chino cheBhaibheri chinhu chiri chose chinoudzwa pamusoro penhau yavanhu vaIsraeri uye kuti vaifanira kurwa sei kuti vagokwanisa kuva muNyika Yakapikirwa uye kuti vaizoichengeta sei pasi pevatungamiriri veVatongi naMadzimambo. Mune izvi munowana zvese maererano nekuumbwa kwaIsraeri sevanhu, vaive pasi pekutonga kwavo, kuti vaive vakazvipira sei kuna Mwari uye ndeapi aive mazhinji ematambudziko epamweya uye nekutsungirira kwavakaita kuti vakunde. Misoro inoyevedza yemabhuku aya ndeiyi:

• Upenyu hwaJoshua mukufamba kwake nomuJoridhani uye kuwa kwemasvingo eJeriko
• Nyaya yaSamsoni naDherira
• Nyaya yaRute naNaomi
• Hupenyu hwaSamueri
• Nyaya yaMambo Sauro, Dhavhidhi naGoriyati, uye kuti Dhavhidhi akava Mambo sei.
• Hupenyu hwaMambo Soromoni naMambokadzi weShebha, kuvakwa kweTemberi
• Nyaya dzevaporofita Eria naErisha
• Madzimambo eIsraeri nehondo dzavo
• Umambo hwaIsraeri hwakakamurwa sei?
• Nguva yekutapwa uye kudzoka kwake kunotevera
• Judith naEsteri

Mabhuku Enhetembo kana Mabhuku eUchenjeri

Mabhuku aya azere nemavhesi, zvirevo netsumo, unowanawo mapisarema ari minamato yakasiyana-siyana yaiimbwa mumutauro wenziyo dzekurumbidza Mwari. Mapisarema akawanda akanyorwa naMambo Dhavhidhi, asi kune mamwe akanyorwa naSoromoni. Misoro inonakidza yemabhuku aya ndeiyi:

• Hupenyu nekutambura kwaJobho
• mapisarema 150
• tsumo
• Mashoko ouchenjeri
• Rwiyo rwekuimba

Mabhuku Ouprofita

Ndiwo mabhuku anogona kutiudza zvese pamusoro pezvakafanotaurwa nezvazvino uye nezveramangwana revanhu veIzirairi, nzira iyo Mwari aitaura navo, uye zvakare nei maCatholic vachifanira kutenda muna Mwari mumwe, kuve nekutenda, sezvo Iye achitaura. kwatiri kubudikidza neBhaibheri. Muchikamu chino unogona kuwana ruzivo rweVaporofita Vakuru: Isaya, Jeremia naEzekieri; uye vaporofita vaduku: Dhanieri, Hosea, Joeri, Amosi, naJona.

Evhangeri

Aya ndiwo magwaro anotiudza nezvoupenyu hwaJesu Kristu kubva pakuberekwa kwake kusvikira pakufa nokumuka kwake. Iyo yakanyanya kunaka pane iyi ndiyo misoro inoenderana ne:

• Kuberekwa kwaJesu
• Nyaya yeMagi
• Mhuri yaJesu (Josefa naMaria)
• Jesu akarasikirwa mutemberi
• Jesu anoenda kurenje
• Kubhabhatidzwa kwaJesu
• Makomborero uye Baba Vedu
• Mufananidzo waJesu nezvishamiso zvake
• Kudya Kwemanheru Kwokupedzisira
• Kutengeswa kwaJudhasi
• Kuramba kwaPetro
• Kumuka kwaKristu

Mabasa evaapostora

Nzira iyo nzanga yekutanga yechiKristu yakatanga kuumbwa uye kugarisana inorondedzerwa, zvinotendwa kuti kuenderera mberi kweEvhangeri yaRuka, sezvo vari ivo nemunyori mumwe chete. Chavanonyanya kutarisa mumabhuku aya ndiwo madingindira anoti: kukwira kwaJesu kudenga, kuti Mweya Mutsvene unosvika sei paPentekosta, kereke yekutanga, kuuraiwa kwevatsvene vekutanga, kutendeuka kwaSauro, mabasa aPetro uye Sauro zvino akadana Pauro nezvishamiso zvake.

Tsamba

Inoumbwa netsamba makumi maviri neimwe, hafu yadzo dzakanyorwa naSaint Pauro uye dzakanyorerwa kunharaunda dzechiKristu nevatungamiriri vavo, mukati madzo dzidziso, nyevero dzinoitwa, vanokurudzirwa kuramba vari mukutenda, kururamiswa kunoitwa uye mashoko anotumirwa makereke ekutanga. Misoro inonyanya kukosha ndeiyi:

• Matauriro ekuti thanks
• Kutenda kunoruramiswa sei?
• Mutemo chii
• Chii chinonzi Eucharist
• Zvipo
• chakavanzika chekereke
• Kutambura
• Zvinoreva Kristu nemuchinjikwa wake
• Chii chaiva maitiro echiKristu?

Apocalypse kana Bhuku raZvakazarurwa

Mumabhuku aya anonzi akanyorwa naJohani, kuratidzwa kwaMwari semuridzi wechisiko chapose pose kunotaurwa nezvake, mabhuku aya ave ari nyaya yokududzirwa zvisizvo kwakawanda.

Ungaverenga sei Bhaibheri reKatorike?

Pakurava Bhaibheri, vanhu vakawanda vanodavira kuti vanowana zivowo zvayo mariri, vanoritsvaka nokuda kwokuda kuziva kana kuti madikanwa. Asi kuti urinzwisise unofanira kunge uine nzira yekuaverenga, mabhuku aya pachawo haana nhevedzano uye haana kunyorwa munhevedzano yenguva.

Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chebhaibheri chizere nekuverenga, dai wanga uchiverenga bhuku chairo waizviita kutanga nechitsauko chekutanga kusvika wasvika kumagumo, nebhaibheri unofanira kuita zvimwe chetezvo.

Zvose zvakanyorwa pamusoro paMwari zvakanyorwa naMwari here?

Kune mabhuku akawanda anotaura nezvaMwari, uye tinogona kuawana kwezviuru zvemakore. KuvaMaya kwaiva nePopol Vuh, kuvaBhudha kune Ramayana neMahabaratha. Asi zvatinoziva isu vaKristu zvinouya norufu rwaJesu Kristu, apo akawanda emabasa ake nedzidziso zvakavamba kunyorwa.

Mazhinji awo anorangarirwa semanyuko echokwadi uye akatendeka kuupenyu hwaJesu, asi mune zvimwe zviitiko akawanda akatangwa kuti awane vateveri vakawanda. Pane zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvinotiratidza mwana Jesu akapiwa minana yakawanda yakaita sekupa matoyi ake upenyu kana kuti aigona kutaura nemhuka, asi sezvo pasina chinoratidza zvakaitika muupenyu hwaJesu kubva aine makore gumi nemaviri kusvika 12 paakatanga evhangeri yake, mabhuku aya aionekwa seApokirifa.

Kuburikidza netsika yevaapostora simba guru rakaiswa mukereke, iro raakaunganidza naro mabhuku ose, akaaongorora zvakadzama, uye nokuvhenekerwa noMweya Mutsvene, akaita sarudzo uye kubva mumabhuku ose avakanga vangosarudza 73 chete. , yaaiti ishoko raMwari. Gare gare vakaaunganidza mubhuku rimwe ravaidana kuti The Bible kana kuti Sacred Canon of the Scriptures.

Bhaibheri rairangarirwa kuva rechokwadi uye shoko bedzi raMwari, iro rakanyorwa naye kupfurikidza nepeni dzavanyori ve<em>hagiographer. Sezvo Mweya Mutsvene aivepo pakusarudzwa kwemabasa, kereke inotiudza kuti tinofanira kuve nechokwadi chekuti chokwadi chakanyorwa mairi, chokwadi chakatendeka uye chisina kukanganisa.

Kune maBhaibheri akawanda akasiyana.Iripi rakanaka?

Isu tinowana maBhaibheri mazhinji pakati pavo nderimwe ramaMormon, iro revanhu, iro raGidheoni, Latin America, Zvapupu zvaJehovha, iro reJerusarema, nezvimwe. Izvi zvakaitika nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinotevera:

• Kwakanga kune vanhu vazhinji avo, nokuda kwechishuvo chavo chakanaka nokutevera Chechi, vakaita shanduro zhinji dzawo ndokuashandura kuti aenderane nemitauro yakawanda, zvokuti shoko raMwari rakasvika kuvanhu vose, uye muidzi shanduro vakachinja revo yamashoko mazhinji. .
• Kunewo masekete akawanda kana kuti marudzidziso akadzvinyirira mazhinjisa amashoko ndokubatazve zvinhu izvo zvavakanga vasingadi kana kuti zvakanga zviri nyore uye zvakaguma zvachinja shoko raMwari, nemhaka yokuti mashoko mazhinji ayo vanyori ve<em>hagiographer vakanga vanyora pakutanga akanga achinjwa.

Nzira Yokuziva Sei Kana Bhaibheri Riri Rokutanga?

Paunenge uchida kutenga Bhaibheri uye uchida kuziva kuti nderekutanga here, unofanira kuteerera kurudziro dzinotevera:

• Tarisa kuti une mabhuku ose makumi manomwe nematatu akabatanidzwa, makumi mana nematanhatu acho eTestamente Yekare uye makumi maviri nemanomwe eTestamente Itsva.
• Unoona kana pabutiro rekuseri pacho paine siginicha kana zita remumwe wevakuru veChechi yeRoma, muchiLatin vanofanira kuti Imprimatur y Ndihil obstat rine revo yokuti rinogona kudhindwa uye kuti hapana chipingamupinyi pakudhindwa kwayo kutsva.
• Kana uchida kuva nechengeteko yakawanda, tsvaka mazano kubva kumuprista anovimbwa naye.

Kubatana kweTestamente mbiri

Matestamende ose ari maviri ane mubatanidzwa, kureva kuti anozadzisana zvekuti yekutanga inotsanangura yechipiri neyechipiri zvakare inotsanangura yekutanga, chero tsananguro inotsvakwa chero ipi zvayo inogona kuwanikwa mune zvese sezvo vachireva kutanga kuzvinhu zvaizoitika uye kechipiri kuzvinhu zvakanga zvaitika uye zvakaprofitwa kusvikira pakuuya kwaJesu.

Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, Jesu aigara achiudza vanhu vaimutevera kuti vamunzwe kuti vaifanira kuita tsvakurudzo mumagwaro ekare uye kuti ikoko vaizowana kuti Mosesi akanga ataura nezvake ( Johani 5, 39-45 ).

Testamende Yekare… ndeyechinyakare?

Kwete zvinhu zvose zvekare zvinoreva kuti hazvishande kana kuti hazvina kushandiswa, tinogona kuona izvi mufenicha yekare uye zvishongo izvo nhasi zvinodhura zvakanyanya uye zviri kuwedzera kuwedzera kukosha. Nenzira imwecheteyo, Testamente Yekare yakatiudza nezvekuuya kwaJesu, asi paakangosvika, haina kumira kushanda, asi Jesu haana kuuya panyika pano kuzobvisa zvakanga zvakanyorwa kare, akauya kuzozviwedzera. zvakakwana.

Izvi zvinotiudza kuti hatifaniri kufuratira zvinyorwa zveTestamende Yekare, sezvo zvichibvawo mukufemerwa naMwari uye mazviri tinogona kuwana kusakwana kwakawanda nezvinhu zvinopfuura, asi kunewo dzidzo youmwari yakawanda, dzidziso dzakanaka dzokuti ndiani. ndiMwari, huchenjeri hwevanhu, minamato, uye kune vakawanda ikoko tine pfuma yakavanzwa yekuti tingazviponesa sei.

Zvino, Testamende Itsva ine chokwadi chakasiyana-siyana chokuti Zvakazarurwa zvoumwari, zvinonangidzira ngwariro pana Jesu Kristu, zvaakaita, zvaakadzidzisa, izvo kuda kwake kwaizova nokuda kworumuko rwake rwapashure. Mariri tinoona kuti kereke itsva yakatanga sei kuburikidza nerubatsiro rweMweya Mutsvene. Asi kuti tinzwisise kuti shoko raMwari chii muTestamende Itsva, tinofanira kuriverenga richienderana neTestamende Yekare.

Mumagwaro matsvene ose tinowana chizaruro chimwe chete, shoko guru rinobva kuna Mwari kumunhu uye izvi hazvigoni kunzwisiswa kana Bhaibheri rikaverengwa nezvidimbu. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinofunga kuti bhaibheri rakaita setepi rekodha iyo kuti tirinzwe, tinofanira kushandisa nyanga mbiri: yekare neyetestamende itsva. Kana ukainzwa nenyanga imwe chete unongonzwa toni imwe chete: yakaderera kana yakakwirira, kureva kuti, hauzokwanisi kunzwa mimhanzi iri mune imwe.

Paunoshandisa tubugles tuviri ndipo paunonzwa rwiyo rwakakwana uye unogona kunakidzwa narwo, nenzira imwe cheteyo iyo Bhaibheri rinoshanda, munyori waro akarinyora nenzira yokuti unofanira kuteerera tsikidzi mbiri kuti unzwisise kurongeka kwaro kwakaisvonaka. . Ndiko kusaka magwaro matsvene ose achifanira kuverengwa, sungano yaMwari yekare yatinowana muTesitamende yekare inotitaurira pamusoro pezvinhu zvaizoitwa naKristu muTestamente Itsva, ndicho chikonzero mativi ose ari maviri asina kupatsanurwa kubva kune mumwe.

Zvinyorwa zvepakutanga uye makopi

Hapana nerimwe remagwaro eBhaibheri rine siginicha, uye hazvigoni kusimbiswa kana chaizvoizvo akanyorwa noruoko rwomunhu waakagoverwa muboka rawo. Asi ichi hachisi chikonzero chekufunganya, sezvo kune mabasa akawanda akawanikwa akasiyana zvikuru mumakore uye kunyange mazana emakore kubva mubasa rekutanga.

Kana Bhaibheri richitaurwa nezvemagwaro ekutanga tinotaura nezvemutauro waakanyorwa nawo, mitauro mikuru yenguva iyoyo yaiva chiHebheru, chiAramaic nechiGiriki. Pashure paizvozvo shanduro dzaizoitwa muchiLatin, Spanish, Chirungu, nezvimwe.

makopi akanyorwa nemaoko

Kana tichitaura nezvemakopi akanyorwa nemaoko, iwo magwaro akagadzirwa nemaoko.

zvinhu

Zvinhu zvokutanga zvakashandiswa kugadzira zvinyorwa kana kuti kuzvinyora zvaiva mahwendefa evhu, zvidhori kana kuti zviumbwa zvevhu, matombo ehumburumbira nematombo akavezwa. Kuti vatange kugadzira mashoko eBhaibheri, zvinhu izvi zvakanga zvisiri izvo zvakashandiswa, sezvo zvaingoshandiswa kugadzira magwaro mapfupi uye enguva pfupi, saka mapepa enhokwe nematehwe zvakatanga kushandiswa.

Mukurusa wazvo inhokwe yakatanga kushandiswa kuEgypt mugore ra3000 BC. Ichi chirimwa chemvura, chinonziwo nzimbe kana kuti Junco chinogara chakatanhamara muNile Delta.Kuti ugadzire, hunde yacho yaifanira kuvhurwa yobva yatsikirirwa, kubva ipapo paitorwa mamwe mapepa ayo anobva apishwa, opwanywa uye oomesa. .

Yakanga iri chinhu chakashandiswa zvakanyanya, asi zvakare yakanga isina kusimba, zvaigoneka kunyora pairi parutivi rumwe chete, mazhinji ayo akawanikwa muEgypt, sezvo mamiriro ekunze akaoma aibvumira kugara kwayo. Ruzivo rwakawanda rwakawanwa kubva kwavari kubva muzvinyorwa zvebhaibheri.

Mukupesana, matehwe aigadzirwa nedehwe remhuka dzakadai samakwayana namakwai. Nzira yekugadzirira kwayo yaizivikanwa sepergamoni uye yakashandiswa kuchamhembe kweEfeso, makore akapoteredza 100 mushure meKristu, kushandiswa kwayo kwaive kwakanyanya pakati pevaPersia. Pakazosvika zana remakore rechina pashure paKristu yakanga yatova kushandiswa kunozivikanwa navose, sezvo yakanga isingachinji, asi panguva imwe cheteyo yaidhura zvikuru, pane dzimwe nguva ichi chinyorwa chaikweshwa kuti chibvise zvose zvakanga zvakanyorwa, uye kunyorazve pachiri.

Format

Maumbirwo acho akanga ari okugadzira mupumburu wakareba wenhokwe kana kuti wedehwe, waisimbiswa kumicheto yawo nematanda kana kuti nesimbi, waishandiswa kupeta, mipumburu iyi ichiri kushandiswa kuvaJudha nhasi. Kodhekisi kana kuti bhukuwo zvaro, sokudanwa kwavaiita, rakashandiswa nevaKristu vokutanga muzana remakore rechipiri, uye vaJudha vomuzana remakore rechinomwe.

Ekare zvikuru akanyorwa namabhii makuru anopfuurira, akaoma kurava sezvo pasina kupatsanurwa kukuru pakati pamashoko awo uye akashandiswa kutozosvikira pakati pezana ramakore rechi 250, ayo akawanikwa anenge 2600. Awo akatevera akanga ane mavara maduku. uye Kurava kwavo kuri nyore, sezvo kwakapa nzvimbo yokuparadzanisa mashoko, kushandiswa kwaro kwakavamba muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX pashure paKristu uye kune anopfuura XNUMX awo.

Mitauro yakanyorwa Bhaibheri

Mitauro yakashandiswa kunyora Bhaibheri yaive chiAramaic, chiHebheru nechiGiriki. Inenge Testamende Yekare yose yakanyorwa nechiHebheru, uyu ndiwo mutauro wepakutanga wevanhu vechiJudha, hapana zvakawanda zvinozivikanwa nezvekwakabva, asi zvinotendwa kuti yakatanga kushandiswa nevaKenani uye yakagamuchirwa nevaIsraeri pavakagara. nyika yeKenani .

ChiAramaic mutauro wekare zvikuru, mukuru zvikuru kupfuura uyo wavaHebheru, muuyu mutauro mune zvinhu zvishomanene zvikuru zvakanyorwa zvakadai saEzra, Jeremia, Dhanieri naMateo. Kushandiswa kwaro muvaIsraeri kwakavamba munenge muzana ramakore rechina nerechitatu Kristu asati asvika uye kushandiswa kwaro kwakanga kwakasimba kwazvo zvokuti kwakavamba kubvisa chiHebheru, kupfurikidza neBhaibheri kunozivikanwa kuti Jesu akataura nechiAramaiki.

ChiGiriki ndiwo mutauro unonyorwa nawo bhuku reuchenjeri, 2 Maccabees uye zvinenge zvese zviri muTestamente Itsva, kunze kweEvhangeri yaMateo, ichi chinyorwa chechiGiriki ndicho chaive chekushandiswa kwakakurumbira uye kwakashata, kwete kwekare, uye. ndiro rakanyanya kushandiswa pashure pokunge Alexander Mukuru akunda Girisi, muchidimbu Bhaibheri rakanyorwa nemitauro iyi:

Testamende Yekare

Dhanieri akanyorwa nechiHebheru nezvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana zvechiAramaic nechiGiriki, Ezra ari muchiHebheru uye zvimwe zvidimbu zvechiAramaic, Estere ari muchiHebheru nezvimedu zvechiGiriki, I Maccabees muchiHebheru uye II muchiGiriki, Tobias naJudith muchiHebheru nechiAramaic, Uchenjeri mumutauro wechiGiriki. chiGiriki nemamwe mabhuku ose muchiHebheru chete.

Testamente Itsva

Testamende Itsva yakanyorwa nechiGiriki kunze kweEvhangeri yaMateu Musande iyo izere muchiAramaic.

Mavhesi eBhaibheri

Mumazana amakore Bhaibheri rave riine shanduro dzakawanda, dzekaresa dzinozivikanwa iSeptuagint neVulgate. Shanduro yeSeptuagint inonzi yakatsanangurwa kwazvo nevarume 70 vakachenjera vevanhu veIsraeri uye misi yechitatu neI mazana emakore Kristu asati auya, uye ndiyo yakashandiswa muDiaspora kana kuti nguva yokupararira kwevaJudha, raishandiswa bedzi nenzanga dzechiJudha dzaigara munyika yeGirisi neRoma, zvikurukuru muAlexandria, uye dzakanga dzatokanganwa kushandiswa kwomutauro wechiHebheru.

Shanduro iyi ye<em>Septuagint yaikosha munzanga dzevaJudha vaitaura chiGiriki uye kubva ipapo yakapararira muMediterranean yose, ichigadzirira zvaizova Evhangeri.

Shanduro yeVulgate, ndiyo yakatsanangurwa naSaint Jerome muchiLatin, inoenderana nezana ramakore reIV, yakanyorwa muguta reBheterehema, uye inobva mukudikanwa, sezvo mukati memazana maviri ekutanga enguva yechiKristu shanduro yechiGiriki yakashandiswa. .yakakurumbira, mutauro waishandiswa munguva dzevaRoma, asi pakazosvika zana remakore rechitatu, chiLatin chakanga chichiwedzera kusimba munyika yose yokuMadokero, dzimwe shanduro dzatinoziva nhasi dzakabuda mushanduro iyi.

Dare reTrent ndiro rakaona Vulgate seshanduro yepamutemo yechiLatin yeBhaibheri, pasina kusiya dzimwe shanduro dzaivapo.

Magwaro Matsvene akakosha zvikuru muhupenyu hweKereke

Kana ichikosha zvikuru sezvo ichimiririra shoko rinorarama raMwari, kana kuti ndiro rakapa simba nesimba kuvaKristu nokuda kwekukura kwavo, ndiro rinotsigira, pamwe chete neYukaristiya, upenyu hwose hwekereke, ichisimbisa. kutenda, kunosimbisa mweya uye kuva tsime rehupenyu hwose hwemweya.

Anofanira kunge ari mweya wedzidziso yebhaibheri, wekuparidza kwevafundisi, wedzidziso yekatekesi uye nedzidziso dzese dzechiKristu, zvinongori kuburikidza nemabasa aya uye nekuva nehupenyu hwaJesu Kristu, izwi rake uye zvibereko zvaakauya. kuti tirambe tiine hupenyu hwechiKristu. Chechi inokurudzira kuti Bhaibheri rinofanira kugara richiverengwa nekuti kana tisingarizivi hatizombozivi kuti Kristu ndiani.

Mimwe misoro ingangokunakidza ndeiyi:

Jesu akaita zvishamiso zvingani?

Mabhuku mangani ane Bhaibheri reCatholic?

Novena kuMwana waMwari Jesu kuti akumbire nyasha