Zvinonakidza kuziva izvo vanhu vedu veko vakadya, huya nesu kuti tidzidze kuburikidza neichi chinyorwa chinoshamisa zvinodyiwa nemaMaya uye izvo Chikafu cheMayan Tsika per se. Zvichienderana nekuti ndiani akazviita uye nei tichiri nazvo patafura yedu. Usazvipotsa!
Chii chaive chikafu chetsika dzeMayan?
Chikafu chetsika yeMayan chaisanganisira zvinhu zvina: zviyo, chibage, nhanga uye mhiripiri. Sezvo vaMaya vakawana mhuka yezvokudya zvavo, vakawedzera miriwo iyi neshiri, nondo kana tsoko dzavaivhima, pamwe chete nehove.
Kudya kwavo kwainyanya kuita chibage chine zviyo kana kuti chero chekuwedzera chavaive nacho kuti vaende nazvo. Zviyo, chibage, uye squash zvinodanwa kuti “hama nhatu” nekuti zvinopa chikafu chinodiwa kana zvadyiwa pamwechete.
Tsika dzeMayan dzaiwanzovhima, kuunganidza, uye kurima chikafu chavo. Dzimwe nyama dzinowanzovhimwa dzinosanganisira tsoko, mhuka yemhuka, iguana, armadillo, manatee, turtle, guinea pig, tapir, javelin, nemhando dzakasiyana dzeshiri. Vaidyawo zvokudya zvomugungwa, zvakadai semalobster, shrimp, shellfish, mollusks, uye marudzi akasiyana-siyana ehove.
VaMaya vakagadzira zvikafu zvakawanda zvinodyiwa zuva nezuva nhasi. Ndivo vaive tsika dzekutanga kugadzira chibage tortilla uye vaishandisa zvirimwa zvavo zveavocado kugadzira chimiro chekare che guacamole.
Vakagadzirawo tamales, ari machubhu echibage akazadzwa nehuku, nyama yenguruve, nemuriwo. Zvakare, zvinotendwa kuti maMayans ndivo vakatanga kugocha cocoa bhinzi kugadzira chokoreti, kunyangwe vhezheni yavo yakanga isina kutapira.
Chikafu cheMayan tsika: chikafu chayo chekutanga
Chikafu chetsika dzevaMayan chakakura pamwero mukuru uye zvimwe zvirimwa zvakajairika zvaive mhiripiri, makotapeya, matomatisi, magwavha, mapineapple, mapapaya, manhanga, mbatatisi uye nhema, tsvuku nebhinzi nhema.
VaMaya vaimbove nekudya kwemangwanani kwechinyakare kunosanganisira mazai akakushwa, bhinzi nhema, uye pizi. Kuti vawane mapuroteni, vakagadzirira chibage nenzira dzakasiyana. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisira:
- Atol, porridge yechibage chakakuyiwa chavakadya nemhiripiri.
- Pozol, musanganiswa wemvura uye mbiriso kutsungirira basa rakaoma renyika
- Tamale, inowanzosanganiswa nemhiripiri inopisa, nyama uye sipinachi yeMayan, muriwo une mapuroteni anowanikwa kuGuatemala.
Kudya kukuru kwaisanganisira nyama nemuriwo nemhodzi dzenhanga, courgette, uye mhiripiri. Pamusoro pazvo, mhembwe, armadillo, tsuro, hove, makonzo, hozhwa, uye makonye emugo zvakadyiwa.
Kutenda kune zvitsva zvakawanikwa, zvinozivikanwa kuti nyama yakanga isinganyanyi kukosha mukudya kweMayan pamberi pevaSpanish vaunza mombe, turkeys, nguruve nehuku.
Cassava mukudya kweMayan tsika
Mufarinya wairimwa kubva 600 BC. C. Unozivikanwawo semufarinya, unoburitsa machubhu makuru akapfuma mucarbohydrates. Iyi tuber yakafambisa kuchengetedzwa kwebudiriro yakakura seyevaMayans. Nguva isati yasvika nguva isati yasvika, kudya kweMayan kunofungidzirwa kuti kwakasimbisa mufarinya uye mufarinya kwete chibage.
Chikafu muMayan tsika yakavakirwa pachibage
Chibage chaive chikamu chechimwe chezvirimwa zvekurima zvevaMayans, chiri chikamu chepakati chekudya kwechiMayan tsika. Chibage chaishandiswa nekudyiwa nenzira dzakasiyana, asi chaive chichiri nixtamalized. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chibage chakanyoroveswa uye chakabikwa muine alkaline solution. Mushure mekuita nixtamalization yechibage, yaiwanzogadzika pametate uye yakagadzirirwa nenzira dzakawanda.
Matortilla aibikwa pacomal uye aishandiswa kuputira zvimwe zvekudya zvakaita senyama kana bhinzi. Tortillas yakavhura mikana yakawanda yekugadzirwa kwechikafu uye yakabvumira vanhu vanobva kumativi ese ehupenyu kuti vadye vakasununguka.
omelettes
Mayan tortilla aigadzirwa kubva mukanyiwa wemasendimita matatu kana mana waive wakakora, uchiita hwaro hwakasimba hwendiro yaizobikirwa pairi.
Ndiro idzi dzinowanzopihwa neimwe mhando yenyama uye dzinosanganisira avocado kana dhishi rekudivi pakuungana kana tsika.
Tamales
Tamales aigadzirwa neupfu hwechibage, kazhinji nekuzadza, iyo yaiputirwa uye yakabikwa muhusk yechibage. Zvinotendwa kuti dzakasikwa nekuti dzaive nyore kutakura.
Kungofanana nezvimwe zvakawanda zvinodyiwa zvakakurumbira zvetsika iyi, tamale yaisanganisira kushandiswa kwechibage kana mabhanana kuvirisa nekuvandudza mabikirwo echikafu.
Mushure mekubika, tamale yakavhurwa uye yakafukidzwa nemuto muduku; Tamales inogona kushandiswa panguva yemhemberero dzezororo reMayan.
Kunyangwe zvidya izvi zvichigona kudyiwa sezvazviri, zvimwe zvinongedzo zvakawedzerwa kuti zviwane kusiyana kukuru kwekuravira. Izvi zvinosanganisira mhiripiri, cacao, hanyanisi yemusango, uye munyu.
chokoreti
Kocoa inowanikwa kune nyika dzinogarwa nevaMayans, avo vaive vekutanga kutora mhodzi kubva mumichero nekugocha kuti vagadzire chokoreti inopisa.
Kusiyana nebudiriro yemazuva ano, vaMayans havana kugadzira chokoreti mabara kana kuwedzera shuga kana mukaka kukoko. VaMaya vakatora chokoreti semutambo wekushongedza uye sechinhu chinonakisa kunaka.
Cocoa bhinzi dzainyanya kushandiswa kugadzira chokoreti inopisa apo bhinzi yaigochwa mumvura kugadzira chinwiwa chinoshandiswa semood booster.
Ichi chinwiwa chaidyiwawo panguva dzemhemberero nekuti kune iyi tsika cocoa yaive chipo chitsvene kubva kuna vamwari. Nekuda kwekushaya shuga nemukaka, chokoreti yeMaya yaivava uye ichipupa furo.
Iyo cacao chirimwa, iyo inoshandura sechikafu chevamwari, yaidiwa nemapoka ese emagariro evanhu veMayan.
Nekuda kwesimba rayo rinokurudzira uye aphrodisiac, vakaroorana mutsika iyi vakanwa ichi chinwiwa chinopisa panguva yekuvimbisana uye mhemberero dzemuchato.
avocado uye guacamole
Avocado, rakaberekerwa kumaodzanyemba kweMexico neGuatemala, rave richidiwa nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana nekuda kwekunaka kwaro uye kunhuhwirira kwaro; yakanga iri pfuma yeMayan inorimwa. Avocado rakamenywa uye rakasanganiswa nebhero mhiripiri kana hanyanisi, kugadzira guacamole yechinyakare.
Chikafu chevaMaya
Iri dzinza raive nzanga yezvekurima uye yaizivikanwa se "varume vechibage". Chibage, kana kuti sezvachinodanwa mumutauro wavo wekuzvarwa, "Ixim" chaive chimwe chezvokudya zvevaMayans, uye nhasi chinoshandiswa kugadzira tortilla, tamale, atole, pozole, uye mamwe marudzi echingwa.
Nhasi tsika iyi yakagamuchirwa uye, kufanana nevaMayans, chibage chave hwaro hwezvokudya zvakakurumbira muCentral American cuisine.
Chimwe chikafu chekudya kweMayan uye kwainyanya kugadzirwa mapuroteni aive bhinzi, ayo mumutauro weko anonzi "bu'ul". Dzakapwanywa ndokuwaridzwa pamatortilla kuita taco.
VaMayans vakagadzirirawo uye vakadya bhinzi yakabikwa musobho, vakaishandisa seupfu uye kunyange sepaste kuzadza tamales akaputirwa mumashizha maxán.
VaMaya vakadyei?
Kunyange zvazvo tsika dzakawanda netsika dzine chokuita nenzanga yekare yeMayan dzichiramba dzisingazikanwi, zvikamu zvetsika dzavo zvakarongwa uye chikamu chinokosha chichiri kurarama nhasi ndicho chikafu chavaidya nacho.
Zvizhinji zvezviyo zvekudya kwavo zvichiri kudyiwa nguva dzose munyika dzakaita seMexico, Belize, neGuatemala, uko maMayans akatonga nzvimbo huru munguva yavo.
Kunyange zvazvo zvokudya zvingava nemidzi yekare, zvokudya zvinonaka zviri pasi apa zvichiri kushanda nhasi.
MaMayans ekare akawana zvikafu izvi mazana emakore apfuura, asi zvikafu izvi zvichiri kuwanikwa mumakicheni akawanda epamba, zvishoma mumaresitorendi nhasi.
Omelette ye chibage
Zviyo zvechibage zvakapfava asi zvinonaka zvinogadzirwa nemaoko, zvakagadzirwa nehupfu hwechibage chepasi uye zvakabikwa muchoto chehuni kana pacomal yechinyakare, chave chiri chikafu chikuru chevaMaya kwemazana emakore.
Corn tortillas ndeyekuwedzera kukuru kune zvekudya kubva kune yakakangwa nyama nemiriwo kusvika kune yakakosha mupunga nebhinzi.
Fresh, tortillas yakagadzirwa nemaoko ichiri kudiwa zvakanyanya munguva dzemazuva ano, ichiva chikamu chezvokudya zvinonaka senge enchiladas uye tacos, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange kufara pasina chimwe chinhu kunze kwesalsa itsva.
Makotapeya
Iyo avocado inonyanya kufarirwa kupfuura nakare kose mumakore achangopfuura, asi chibereko chinonaka chave chichiremekedzwa kwemazana emakore, kutanga nevaMaya vekare.
Vaifarira avocado nekuda kwekunaka kwayo uye kunhuhwirira kwenzungu. VaMayans vakaonga zvakasiyana-siyana zveavocado uye vakagadzira fomu yekutanga ye guacamole nekubatanidza maavocado nehanyanisi, lime juice, uye mhiripiri inopisa; Nhasi, shanduro dzakawanda dzinosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai sematomatisi, coriander, uye gariki.
Bhinzi
Bhinzi dzainziwo dzakakosha; Mhando dzakasiyana dzebhinzi dzakarimwa uye dzakashandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzekudya kweMayan. Kunze kwezvinomera zvinokosha, marudzi akasiyana-siyana emichero nemiriwo akarimwa, anosanganisira matomatisi, avocado, magwavha, papaya, manhanga, mananazi, uye mbambaira.
Makwara
Mukuwedzera kune tsika, vaMayans vakadyawo marudzi akasiyana-siyana enyama; vaMaya vaiwana nyama yavo zvikurukuru nokuvhima.
MaMayans aivhima mhuka huru dzakadai semhembwe, pamwe nemhando dzakasiyana dzeshiri dzakadai sematoki emusango, mapariji, zvihuta nemadhadha emusango, pamwe chete nedzimwe mhuka dzakaita seiguana nearmadillos.
Kuvhima mhuka, maMayans akashandisa akasiyana marudzi emidziyo, senge BB pfuti, uta nemiseve, uye misungo.
Vaidyawo mhuka dzemugungwa dzakasiyana-siyana kuburikidza nekuunganidza nekuvhima, kana kushandisa narcotics munzizi nenharaunda dzemahombekombe, kunyanya hove, lobster, shrimp, crab, uye shellfish, iyo yakaomeswa, yakagochwa, uye yakaiswa munyu.
chokoreti
Tichifunga kuti cocoo tree inowanikwa kumatunhu ayo maMayans akambotonga, zvine musoro kuti vakatanga kuwana mashiripiti epodhi iyi.
Vakagocha mhodzi kuti vagadzire chimiro chepakutanga chechokoti inopisa, inonakidzwa panguva yemitambo yemitambo. Vanodavira kuti cocoo yakatumirwa navamwari sechikomborero, uye vakashandisawo bhinzi semari.
Mushure mokunge vaSpain vawana chinwiwa pavakapinda mumisha yeMayan muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, vakadanana nayo, vakawedzera mukaka neshuga ndokuzviisa kuEurope, uko kukurumbira kwayo kwakakura nokukurumidza.
Kana iwe wakawana chinyorwa ichi nezve maMayans chinonakidza, tinokukoka iwe kuti unakidzwe nezvimwe izvi: