Une shuwa here kuti ndezvipi makambani emakambani?. Zvadaro unofanira kuverenga chinyorwa chinotevera, umo tichatsanangura zvose pamusoro pemhando iyi yekambani, kushanda kwayo uye chimwe chinhu. Join us!
Chii chinonzi makambani emunyika?
Muchidimbu, kambani yepasi rose, yepasirese, yepasirese, kana yepasi rose ikambani ine bazi guru munyika, uye yakanyoreswa sekambani yenyika iyoyo, asi iyo, nekuda kwekuzivikanwa kwayo kana kugona kwayo zviwanikwa, yakaendesa nyika. zvipingamupinyi uye ine mapazi munyika inodarika 1.
Iwo akanyanya kukosha chikamu chehupfumi hwenyika, nekuti isimba rakasimba rekutengeserana munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi, uyezve ivo vanogona kupa kwete chete zvigadzirwa kana masevhisi, asiwo yakanaka capital yehupfumi hwenyika.
Hunhu hwetransnational corporations
Kune akawanda maitiro ane rudzi urwu rwekambani, zvisinei isu tichataura mamwe, atinoti akanyanya kukosha:
- Vanopararira munyika yose, vane mapazi munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana pasi rose. Vanamuzvinabhizinesi vayo vanotora zvigadzirwa zvavo kana masevhisi kune chero nharaunda, vachivhura matavi matsva, uye kunyangwe mumakondinendi akati wandei.
- Kazhinji yenguva, makambani anoshandisa zvigadzirwa sekutengesa, kazhinji ane hupfumi hwakawanda kwazvo, achitengesa huwandu hwakakura pasi rese.
- Nekuda kwekubudirira kwavo kukuru, kazhinji makambani ane mari yakakwira yakakwana yekukwanisa kuve nemichina yepamusoro, kana zvigadzirwa, kana vashandi.
Ivo vanoshandisa matekinoroji matsva, sangano reindasitiri, kushambadzira uye kushambadzira kukuru nekuti ivo vanoda izvi kuitira kuti vazivikanwe kunze kwekwavanobva. - Ndivo vane mari vakasimba mukutsvaga nekusimudzira nharaunda, nekuda kwekudyidzana kwese kwavanoita nemarudzi akasiyana enyika netsika.
- Vanowanzo kuve neruzivo rwakakwana rwezvimiro uye kushanda kwemaitiro ezvematongerwo enyika enyika dzavakagadzwa, nekuti dai vasina kuzadzisa ichi chinodiwa, havangakwanise kumisa musika munzvimbo dzavasingasviki, ruzivo. uye tsika..
- Dzinowanzokura kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa uye kutora. Kunyangwe chimwe chinhu chisingafanirwe kufuratirwa kushambadza kwavo uye huwandu hwevanhu vavanobata sevatengi.
Mhando dzemakambani emunyika
Pane nzira mbiri huru dzekuisa makambani emarudzi akawanda:
Zvinoenderana nemamiriro ayo
- Horizontally integrated corporations: Pfungwa yerudzi urwu rwekambani ikambani ine mwero wezvigadzirwa kana masevhisi. Uye izvo zvinotongwa chete uye chete nemusimboti iwoyo, zvisinei kuti uripi.
- Vertical integrated corporations: Pfungwa yerudzi urwu rwekambani ikambani ine main bazi maitiro, uko kunowanzo kuve kwakajairwa uye uko zvigadzirwa zvayo zvinosevenzeswa, uye kubva izvo, zvino, zvinogoverwa kune mamwe matavi. Ivo vanonyanya kugadzira zvinhu zvepakati mune dzimwe nyika, izvo zvinoshanda sechipo chekupedzisira kugadzirwa kune dzimwe nyika.
- Diversified corporations: Ndiwo musanganiswa wemhando mbiri dzataurwa pamusoro, mashandiro acho akafanana neari maviri.
Mienzaniso yemhando iyi yekambani
- McDonald's, Coca-Cola, Kambani, BHP Billiton uye Mercadona.
- Timex, General Motors, Adidas uye Nutella.
- Alstom; Altria Group; Novartis uye Samsung.
Zvinoenderana nedhigirii rayo rekuita decentralization
Aya makambani akaiswa muzvikamu zvinotevera:
- Ethnocentric: Inotarisa kushanda kwayo munyika yayakabva, uyezve inoshanda nenzira yakakosha mumapazi mune dzimwe nyika.
- Polycentric: Yakati siyanei neyakapfuura, edza kusave neimwe nzira yakasimba yekuita zvinhu.
Zvisinei, inogara ichichengetedza midzi yayo, ichiendesa hukuru hukuru hwekusununguka kune vatsigiri, ichipa rusununguko rwakakwana rwokuzvifunga rwakasiyana, asi haisi chigadzirwa chakasiyana zvachose kana basa. - Geocentric: Pakupedzisira, rudzi urwu rwekambani runotora rusununguko kusvika pakakwirira, kuitira kuti bazi rimwe nerimwe rive nemutemo webhizimisi rayo, umo imwe neimwe inotsigira ine chekuita nechisarudzo chega chega, kunyange iyo inogara ichionekwa ndiyo kambani huru.
Kukosha kwemakambani emunyika
Tese tinoziva chii chinonzi transnational corporations, mienzaniso inoshamisa yekuti chishuvo chekambani chingakwira sei kuti ikwanise kutengesa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi uye kuve chikara chemusika.
Tese tinoziva McDonald's, Nutella, Samsung, iPhone, Toyota, Niisan, uye wese muzvinabhizimusi, pasina kupokana, anotarisira kuenda kure navo.
Kutenda kurudzi urwu rwekambani, zvinokwanisika kuwedzera kushambadzira, kuendesa chigadzirwa chiri mu "X" nyika uye kuchiendesa kune imwe, kuitira kuti vazhinji vashandisi vabatsirwe nazvo. Chimiro chekudyidzana kwepasi rose, saka tinokwanisa kuwana zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana pasina kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo.
Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvishoma nezve mashandiro emakambani uye mazinga awo akasiyana, saka iwe unofanirwa kushanyira ichi chinonakidza chinyorwa: Kupatsanura kwemakambani.
Ndinokutendai zvikuru nekuverenga chinyorwa ichi, tinovimba chakakushandirai, kana muchida, tinokukokai kuti muone vhidhiyo yatinosiya pazasi kana muchida mamwe mashoko. Tinovimba kukuonai zvakare pane imwe nguva inotevera.