La Biography yaJose Vasconcelos, akakosha, kuti aive munyori, wezvematongerwo enyika uyezve anofunga nezvekwakabva kuMexico. Pamusoro peizvi, anomira pachena nekuda kwekutanga Bazi rezvedzidzo muMexico.
Biography yaJose Vasconcelos
Nhoroondo yaJosé Vasconcelos inosimbisa kuti akaberekerwa muOaxaca, Mexico, mugore ra1882. Akamira akatanhamara munyika yake nokuda kwokuva wezvamatongerwe enyika, mufungi uye panguva imwe cheteyo munyori. Pakati pezviito zvakakosha zvaakaita kuitira kuti nyika yake igare zvakanaka iNheyo yeBazi Redzidzo.
Hwaro hwehushumiri uhu hwakaunza nahwo mabasa akawanda akabvumira shanduko yechikamu ichi chenyika yake. Mabasa aive nemazvo ndiwo akaita kuti azonzi mudzidzisi wevechidiki vekuAmerica.
Bachelor uye Development
Maererano nehupenyu hwaJosé Vasconcelos, munhu uyu anokosha akapedza kudzidza muMutemo kubva kuNational School of Jurisprudence muna 1907. Kune rumwe rutivi, akawana mukana wekutungamira Ateneo de la Juventud muna 1909 uye kuwedzera kune Izvi, akanga ari. pakati pevatangi vechikoro ichi chakakosha chedzidzo. Usarega kuverenga Hispanic American Literature.
Mukuwedzera kune izvi, akamira semutsigiri weMexican Revolution, sezvo yakatanga. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti aive chikamu chesangano reMaderista. Apa akamirawo pakubata chigaro chemunyori weAntireelection Center.
Ukuwo, akashanda semukuru-mukuru wepepanhau reEl Antireeleccionista, uko kushanda kwake nesimba kwakamuita kuti aonekere. Saizvozvowo, akapindawo mukumukira kwakaitwa muna 1910 na1911.
José Vasconcelos, akavandudzawo pasi pechinzvimbo chemunyori waFrancisco Vázquez Gómez, uyo akazoshanda saFrancisco I. Madero mumiriri wekutanga kubva kuWashington, uyo aivewo chikamu cheProgressive Constitutionalist movement.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W05H35rU2a0
Post-coup
Mushure mekuvandudzwa kweiyo coup d'état, yakasimudzirwa naVictoriano Huerta, Venustiano Carranza akatarisira kumugadza semumiriri akavanzika weRepublic yeEngland neFrance. Zvose izvi kuitira kubvisa chero rubatsiro rwakatarwa rwemari kune mudzvanyiriri.
Pakazosvika 1914 akapiwa chinzvimbo chemutungamiriri weNational Preparatory School. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti mushure menguva iyi akaenda kuUnited States, nokuti Venustiano Carranza akatsvaka kumusunga, sezvo akanga asingabvumirani nemaitiro ake.
Paanodzokera kuMexico, anosarudza kuve chikamu cheAguascalientes Convention, kwaakange aine mukana wekubata chinzvimbo cheMunyori weMirairo yePublic. Ichi chinzvimbo chakaitwa kwenguva yemwedzi miviri, tichitarisa kushandira Eulalio Gutiérrez.
Kutapwa
Pakazosvika 1915, José Vasconcelos akaenda kuUnited States. Makore mashanu akapfuura asati abvunzurudzwa naÁlvaro Obregón, kwaakapa rubatsiro kuAgua Prieta Plan. Zvese izvi nechinangwa chekupedza hutungamiri hwakabatwa naVenustiano Carranza. kudzidza nezve Biography Martin Blasco.
Ndiyo nzira iyo anotsigira zvizere Álvaro Obregón kuti ave mutungamiri wenyika. Mushure meizvi, Adolfo de la Huerta, aive purezidhendi wenguva pfupi, akamugadza kuti ave mukuru weDhipatimendi reYunivhesiti neFine Arts. Mushure meizvi ndipo panozotaura motto yerudzi rwangu mweya.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti apo Álvaro Obregón akauya kumutungamiri wenyika muna 1920, akaramba aine nzvimbo yeyunivhesiti. Ukuwo, pashure paizvozvo, akava mutariri weBazi Redzidzo Yevanhu. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti yaive nekuda kwechinzvimbo ichi chaanokwanisa kumanikidza dzidzo yeruzhinji.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kuvonga kuna José Vasconcelos, vanhu vane chokuita nedzidzo uye unyanzvi hunoshamisa vakasvika muMexico, vachitsvaka kubatsira kukudziridza matarenda matsva. Pamusoro peizvi, aive muvambi wenhamba yakanaka yemaraibhurari eruzhinji. Akatangawo kugadzira masangano akatsaurirwa kuFine Arts, pamwe nezvikoro, nemaraibhurari avo uye vanochengeta zvinyorwa.
Saizvozvo, ndiye aitarisira kuvandudza mamiriro eMexican National Library. Saizvozvovo, yakanangana nekuita zvirongwa zvinopa ruzivo zvine chekuita nevanyori vechikamu chekirasi. Akavamba zvakare magazini inonzi El Maestro, kuitira kubatsira kupa ruzivo kuzvikoro zvekumaruwa.
Kuri madikanwa kutaura kuti Vasconcelos ndiye akabetsera kuita Chiratidziro cheBhuku chokutanga muMexico. Zvakare nerubatsiro rwevapendi vakadai saJosé Orozco naDiego Rivera, akaparadzira hunyanzvi muzvivako zveveruzhinji.
Zvibvumirano zveBucareli
Mushure mekusainwa kweChibvumirano cheBucareli, José Vasconcelos anofunga kushora kuurayiwa kwakarongwa kweSenator Field Jurado. Izvi zvakazoita kuti asiye chigaro chaSecretary. Unogona kufarira nyaya yacho The knight mungura nhumbi dzokurwa.
Anosarudza kumhanya semumiriri wehugavhuna weOaxaca. Zvisinei, haana kukunda, saka anosarudza kusiya nyika zvakare. Paaiva muParis uyewo kuMadrid, akabudisa mumagazini inonzi La Antorcha.
Nekufamba kwenguva, anofunga kudzokera kuMexico, mushure mezvo anozove mumiriri wePresident yeRepublic yebato reAntireelectionist. Mushure meizvi Pascual Ortiz Rubio anokunda, uko bato rake rinosarudza kushora kubiridzira kwesarudzo.
Mushure meaya mamiriro ezvinhu José Vasconcelos, anoita chiziviso chemhirizhonga ine zvombo. Iri mushure meizvi kuti anovharirwa, kwaanosarudza kufuratira hurumende, nyika uye zviremera zvemanisipala.
Mushure mekusunungurwa, anoenderera mberi kuenda kuParis, uko ari kuona nezvekutsikisa The Torch. Paanodzokera kuMexico, anotarisira kuvandudza mamiriro eNational Library zvakare. Aya mabasa akaitwa panguva yemutungamiri wenyika Manuel Ávila Camacho.
Basa raJose Vasconcelos
Zvinoenderana neiyo biography yaJosé Vasconcelos, ini ndinomira zvakanyanya mukati menzvimbo yezvinyorwa. Naizvozvo, vakarisimbisa pakuita zvikamu zvishanu zvinorangarirwa sezvinokosha pakurondedzerwa kwaro.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti muuzivi akafurirwa zvachose nevanyori vakaita saSchopenhauer, aivewo hunhu hwaaikoshesa. Nekune rimwe divi, yaive iri kutungamira kusimudzira zvinhu zvinoenderana nepositivism uye utilitarianism. Zvinhu zviviri zvakanga zvichipararira muAmerica yose panguva iyo José Vasconcelos akanga achishanda semunyori.
Kune rumwe rutivi, mukati menharaunda yefilosofi, mabasa akadai saPythagoras, dzidziso yemitambo, iyo yakaitwa muna 1916. Mubasa iri, akasarudza kufemerwa nechikoro chePythagoras.
Ini zvakare ndinosimbisa Iyo aesthetic monism yakagadzirirwa 1918 uye Organic Logic ye1945. Aya mabasa maviri anobata nekugadzira zvinhu zvine chekuita neaesthetic kutonga. Nokudaro kuratidzira runako sechimiro chinokosha chezvokwadi. Zvakare zvinhu zvekugadzira zvine chekuita nemimhanzi uye maficha akavakirwa zvachose pane zvakasikwa.
Ese maitiro aya akabvumira Vasconcelos kuti amire pachena mukati medzidziso yehuzivi, achiisimbisa nemonism yakavakirwa pane yakazara aesthetic maficha ekudzidziswa kwehuzivi.
Chinhu chekutanga chakakosha
José Vasconcelos, aitungamira kugadzira zvinhu zvine chekuita nehuzivi, kwaanosimbisa kuti zvese zvakatenderedzwa zvakavakirwa pakuva zvinofanirwa kurongeka, nechinangwa chekuratidza masimba anoratidza zvemukati.
Ndiyo nzira iyo yairatidzira mativi akavakirwa padzidziso dzine chokuita nokubatana kukuru. Kuratidzira nayo, ukoshi hwokupa kutsinhirana kumunhu. Naizvozvo, kubatana kwepamusoro-soro kunobva pamanzwiro, njere uye zvisinganzwisisike zvehunhu.
Kuratidzirawo mutsauko unoratidza chinangwa chezvinhu uyezve zvidzidzo mukati meiyo phenomenal fomati. Izvo zvinotitungamira kuti tisvike pakutongwa kweaesthetics. Kuratidzira kunaka uyezve kuwirirana kwekuve.
Chinhu chechipiri chakakosha
Kune rumwe rutivi, mabasa ane chokuita nesociology uye pedagogy anokosha, sezvakaita mamwe magwaro akadai seThe Cosmic Race yakaitwa muna 1925. Pamusoro peizvi, Bolivarism uye Monroism yakaitwa muna 1934.
Zvese izvi zvinotsvaga kuratidza anthropological uye nhoroondo mamiriro mukati mekusimudzira postures yeLatin America yese. Kutarisa nekutendeuka kwerudzi rweramangwana.
Izvo, zvakare, zvinotitungamira mukukura kwehupenyu hwakasiyana zvachose kubva kune hunozivikanwa, uko pesvedzero yekutanga inotarisa pazvinhu zvakavakirwa zvachose pane aesthetics. Nekudaro, izvi zvinosiya parutivi America inozivikanwa seAnglo-Saxon. Dzidza zvimwe zvishoma nezvemabhuku ne Bhuku reRudo Rwakanaka
Iyo inodaidzwa kuti Cosmic Race yaive rondedzero yakavakirwa pakuzivikanwa kwevagari vekondinendi yeAmerica, uko kunoratidzwa pfungwa dzakasiyana dzakanyatsoenderana nehukuru hwenhangemutange.
Chechitatu chakakosha
José Vasconcelos akataura dzimwe dzepfungwa dzake dzakapesvedzerwa nezvinyorwa zvakaitwa naGabino Barreda zvine chekuita nenyaya dzebasa renhau. Izvi zvakaratidzwa muzvinyorwa: Contemporary Ideas of 1910 uye Prometheus Victorious for 1920.
Nokudaro, Gabino Barreda akazarura pfungwa dzake kune zvinyorwa zvevatapi venhau izvo zvakamubvumira kuti anzwisise tsika dzetsika dzavanadzo pavanhu. Izvo zvakare zvinotarisa pamabasa ehungwaru anobva pane zviitiko mukati menhoroondo yebasa rimwe chete.
Ndiyo nzira yandinobudisa nhoroondo Pfupi yeMexico yakaitwa muna 1937. Uyewo Hernán Cortés, musiki werudzi, akadhindwa mugore ra1941. Nenzira iyi aitungamirira kujekesa zvinhu zvehupenyu zvakanga zvakavakirwa. zvakananga mukati meSimón Bolívar, pamwe naEvaristo Madero.
Literature
José Vasconcelos akazove, mushure mezvinyorwa zvake zvekunyora, mumwe wevanyori vakanyanya kukosha vekuMexico, akamira kunze kunyangwe mushure mekufa kwake.
Izvi zvinosimbisa zvinhu zvichibva pane zvavakasangana nazvo pachezvavo, apo zvinotariswa zvinoratidzwa, zvine chekuita nekuziva kwairarama mukati mematanho ekukura kwenhoroondo.
Nokudaro, nhoroondo dzavo dzenhoroondo dzinotarisa pane zvakasimudzwa nehurumende. Ndicho chikonzero zviito zvakanangana nemamiriro ezvinhu mukati memasimba echimurenga anonyatso kuratidzwa. Kubatanidza zvakare masangano akanyanya kuenderana nekuenderera mberi kwerudzi rweMexico. Chainyanya kutariswa yaive shanduko yakaunza nekuvandudzwa kwenhoroondo yehurumende yeMexico.
Akaita mabasa akadai saUlises Criollo mukati mekuburitswa kwa1935, izvo zvakazoita kuti aende kuLa storm ya1936, iyo yakatsanangura mhando dzemhando iyi, yakanangana zvachose neautobiographical zvinhu zvakaita seLa flame, iyo yakagadzirirwa 1959.
Zvose izvi zvinotitungamirira kuti tinzwisise kuti maererano nezvinotsanangurwa mu biography yaJosé Vasconcelos, aigona kurondedzerwa semunyori wezvakaitika kare akanaka kwazvo. Zvisinei, haana kukwanisa kuisa parutivi zvido zvechimurenga, izvo zvaiwanzoita kuti ataure nenzira isina chinangwa.
Productions
Vasconcelos akamira kunze kwekuva chikamu chezvakagadzirwa zvinoshamisa, munzvimbo yakaderera pane mamwe mabasa akaitwa. Zvisinei, dzakanga dzisina kutanhamara zvikuru nemhaka yokuti mashoma emabasa avo akaitwa kuti aitwe mukati mesimba guru remitambo yemitambo.
Pakati peayo akatanhamara iLos Robachicos, rakabudiswa muna 1946. Saizvozvowo, akabudisa mamwe mabhuku akadai saLa sonata Mágica, rakagadzirwa muna 1933, uye El viento de Bagdad, rakabudiswa muna 1945.
Pfungwa dzake dzezvematongerwo enyika
Zvinoenderana neiyo biography yaJosé Vasconcelos, pfungwa dzake dzezvematongerwo enyika dzinopesvedzerwa nezvinhu zvinodzoreredza zvechimiro cherudo izvo zvakavakirwa pazvinhu zvinopokana-imperialist. Naizvozvo, zvakavakirwa pazvimiro zvine chekuita neshanduko pfungwa dzeJoaquín Cárdenas Noriega.
Ndiyo nzira iyo José Vasconcelos ainyanya kufunga nezvezvinhu zvine chokuita nekururamisira kwevanhu, chiremerera uye, zvakare, rusununguko. Mushure meizvi zvinogona kutaurwa kuti munyori uye wezvematongerwo enyika akanga asinganyanyi kubvumirana nemafambiro ekudzivirira mapoka epasi uye epamusoro.
Asi, akafunga kuti avo vakaunza budiriro kuripabhuriki vanhu vepakati. Nokuti izvi ndizvo kugadzikana kwemakirasi. Naizvozvo, saManuel Rivas, Vasconcelos akafunga kuti nyanzvi yepakati kirasi ndiyo inofambisa hutongi, hupfumi uye tsika dzenyika.
Izvo zvakare iyi kirasi yemagariro inowanzobatwa zvakanyanya mushure memamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika. Naizvozvo, inofanirwa kujaira kumisa kana kutungamira magariro nezvematongerwo enyika republic.
chirongwa chekuvandudza
Iyo nyika yekuzvarwa patsva system yaive chikamu chekufamba uko Vasconcelos akatora chikamu. Zvose kuitira kudzivirira chokwadi muMexico neAmerica yose. Ukuwo, aidzivirira chero ani zvake aikwanisa kupa upenyu hwake nokuda kwezvinangwa zvokutsigira nyika.
Uyewo, José Vasconcelos akatsigira sangano ripi neripi rakavakirwa pachokwadi. Nokuti nhema dzinowanzodzora uye dzinodzvinyirira vanhu. Zvinova zvinoita kuti vanzi muporofita kwete gamba.
Naizvozvo, tinofanira kuisa parutivi avo vose vanokwanisa kutengesa kuburikidza nevanhu vavo mushure mehumbwende. Naizvozvo, José Vasconcelos anoona kuti kusarongeka, zvikanganiso uye hunyengeri hazvina zvachose kubudiriro yenyika.
Zvinoita kuti isu sevanhu tirwe pasina runyararo. Nokuti masangano echimurenga anofanira kumutswa sedutu rinotsvaka chiedza cheuchenjeri. Zvese kutsvaga kugarisana kwevanhu.
Kune rimwe divi, José Vasconcelos akatsvaga kuvandudza zvinhu zvenyika yake, mushure mekuputsika kwedemocracy. Izvo zvinotarisa pahuzivi hwakaremerwa nemafungiro akafanana nedemocracy.
José Vasconcelos: ane mbiri anofunga
Iyo biography yaJosé Vasconcelos inotaura kuti iye chikamu chevane mukurumbira vanofunga veMexico. Ndiyo nzira iyo nyaya dzakadai sokuti Chii chinonzi communism? Yakatsikiswa muna 1937. Iri mushure mebhuku rino rinoratidza kutenda kwaainako kuchitendero cheCatholic, zvisinei nekuti akaramba achikurudzira kupesvedzera kwenjere muhupenyu hwake, zvine chekuita nemasangano ezvematongerwo enyika achipokana neWestern imperialism, panguva chaiyo apo Hondo Yenyika II. yakanga ichiitika.
Izvo zvinotitungamira kuti tinzwisise kuti José Vasconcelos anowanzo kuve nemimwe mifungo ine chekuita nemazano akavakirwa padzidziso dzesangano reMarxist uye zvakare idzo dzeLeninists.