Muchinyorwa chino chipfupi asi chinonakidza iwe uchawana zvese nezve Crafts dzeMixtecos Kuburikidza neruzivo urwu, mabasa emawoko aya anosanganisira zvimedu zvemupfuri wegoridhe zvakavezwa mugoridhe rakakosha, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinokushamisa iwe.
Mixtec mabasa emaoko
Tisati tataura mutsara wehunyanzvi hweMixtecos, dzinza reMexico, zvinodikanwa kuti tidzidze kwakabva izwi iri, kuitira kuti tigone kuongorora hunyanzvi sehunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvigadzirwa tichishandisa maoko chete.
Pamusoro pezvo, pakutsanangurwa uku kwezvakasiyana zvigadzirwa, kushandiswa kwezvimwe zvinhu zvakapfava zvakanyanya kunoperekedzwa, kuitira kuti uwane kupera kwakakwana kune chimwe nechimwe chinhu chinogadzirwa.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichataura zvishoma nezve hunyanzvi hwedhorobha muOaxaca, Mexico inonzi Tierra de la Lluvia, inozivikanwa zviri nani seboka rekuzvarwa reLos Mixtecos.
Vaizivikanwa nekuva nevakadzi vane hunyanzvi mumhizha, vachigadzira zvinhu zvinoshamisa zvisingaperi zvaidiwa nevanhu vese vekuMexico, uye magadzirirwo ese aive akasiyana.
Kuti vatsanangure mufananidzo mumwe nomumwe, vaishandisa pendi dzomusikirwo kupendesa zvisikwa zvavo. Nokuti vaishandisa gonye duku, rine ruvara rutsvuku, rinonzi cochineal.
Pamusoro pekuti cochineal yaishandiswawo sechikafu, yaive yakanakisa appetizer uye yaidiwa nemaMixtecs ese, gonye iri rakapa ruvara rutsvuku kune chimwe nechimwe chisikwa chakagadzirwa nemhizha.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti vashandi vaionekwa sevashandi vakasununguka, izvo zvinoreva kuti vakanga vari munzvimbo yechitatu mupiramidhi yehierarchical yeMixtec society.
Nokudaro vachisvika pakuva nemabhizimisi avo vamene okushanda nokubereka, asi ivavawo vaiva navaranda vokuvadana neimwe nzira, avo vaingova nebasa rokubetsera, asi vaisagona. vane bhizimusi ravo.
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, mhizha dzaizivikanwa sevashandi vakanakisisa veboka remadzinza, vachiteverwa nevarimi nevarimi.
Mukadzi anomiririra hunyanzvi hweMixtecos
Mabasa eumhizha ainyanya kuitwa nevakadzi, sezvo vaive vakapfava pakuita zvese, vachishandisa maoko chete, vaigona kugadzira zvinhu zvakanaka zvemba.
Pakati pezvinhu zvavakavaka uye kugovera pakati pevaMexico pane zvinotevera:
- Gourds.
- Zvinodhura.
- Hari yevhu.
- Ships.
- Zvidyo
Izvi zviri izvo zvinhu zvikuru zvakagadzirwa nevhu, kushandisa maoko chete kutanga nevhu revhu, zvishoma nezvishoma zvinogadzirwa kusvikira chinhu chimwe nechimwe chawanikwa. Zvisinei, havana kungoshanda nevhu chete, vakarukawo, vachikwanisa kugadzira micheka yakanaka, pakati payo:
- masiketi.
- Layer.
- Manapukeni
- Makushoni
- Magumbeze.
- Backpacks.
- Shirts.
- Kukurirwa.
- tangles.
- Inozorodza.
Zvose chete nekushandiswa kwemvere dzemakwai nekotoni, kushandisa zvipfeko izvi nenzira imwechete mune zvipfeko zvavo zvakajairika. Mukuwedzera, vakagadzira micheka yakasiyana-siyana nemiti yemichindwe, vachikwanisa kugadzira mabhasikiti akanaka, ngowani, mateti, soya bhinzi, mavhasi, zvikwama nemaragi, izvo zvaitengeswa neshungu huru mumigwagwa yeMixteca, kuMexico yose.
Crafts dzeMixtecs nhasi
Pasinei nekuti mhizha dzeMixtec nekufamba kwenguva dzakadzikira pese padzaivepo uye parizvino kune zvizvarwa zvevazukuru vavo vari kutungamira mabasa emaoko muMexico.
Parizvino vane zvitoro zvinokatyamadza zvavanoratidza zvese zvakasikwa zvevakadzi ava uye hongu vanoramba vachigadzira zvipfeko zvakasiyana uye zvinhu.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti havasi vekuMexico chete vanotenga zvigadzirwa izvi, asi vashanyi vanouya kuMexico kuzofamba vanovawo vanofarira vanofarira zvipfeko izvi uye zvinhu, kunyanya izvo zvakagadzirwa nemichindwe nevhu.
Zvipfeko zvemazuva ano
Kune Sicaru crafts, zvinoreva "akanaka" munzvimbo ino, vakadzi vanogadzira zvisingagumi zvipfeko zvakanaka, zvine mavara akajeka, zvinodhura kubva pa6000 kusvika ku7000 pesos.
Vanogadzirawo mabhurauzi neoiri akasiyana-siyana, ayo anodhura uye anodhura zviuru gumi nezviviri zvepeso. Kune zvakare akati wandei mapeticoat evasikana asingadhure.
Mataurirwo akasiyana-siyana emifananidzo yekufananidzira
Sezvo vaive mhizha dzakanyanya kukosha muMesoamerica, mhizha yeMixtec yakatarisana nehunyanzvi hudiki, hwavakashanda nehunyanzvi hunoshamisa, vachigadzira nhevedzano yemabasa aionekwa sematombo echokwadi.
Chii chaive chimiro chehunyanzvi hweMixtec
Mixtec crafts yakabatana nenyaya dzechitendero netsika, mupfungwa iyi, zvidimbu zvinokatyamadza zvaive zvakagadzirirwa kushongedza maatari etembere kana kushandiswa mumitambo. Saizvozvowo, zvimwe zvinhu zvakaitwa zvaishandiswa nevakuru vezvematongerwo enyika nevechitendero muhupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva.
Uku kutaura kwehunyanzvi, kwakasvika panhongonya panguva yepostclassic nguva, kwakawana mukurumbira kunoshamisa mudunhu rese reMesoamerican nekuda kwekunaka kwezvidimbu zvayo.
Kunyanya muhunyanzvi hudiki, kubva mukukura kwayo mukuvaka kana kuveza kwematombo. yakanga isina kusimba kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe marudzi. Nenzira iyi, hunyanzvi hwavo hwakanangana mukugadzira zvimedu zvegoridhe, machira, tswanda uye makeramiki, uye mumakodhekisi avo vanoratidza hunyanzvi hwemifananidzo.
Huru craft kuratidzwa kweMixtecs
Inoratidzwa nehukuru hwayo hwakasiyana, humhizha hweMixtec hutsika hunosanganisira zvidimbu zvegoridhe, pfupa nedombo rekristaro rakavezwa negoridhe, senge mitsipa, mhete, zvishongo, masikisi, varindi. zvipikiri, nzeve, mhete dzemhino, zvibato zvemafeni uye pectorals.
Kuti mune dzimwe nguva kuve nehunyanzvi hwekuita sando, kukunguruka, kukanda iyo yakashongedzwa nematombo anokosha akadai seturquoise. Ichashandisa yakarasika, welding uye filigree.
Kana iri yehari, mhizha yeMixtec inosiyaniswa nevhu revhu repolychrome, mune mavara senge tsvuku, orenji, dema, grey kana chena, zvichienderana necochineal pigments, maruva. uye zvirimwa zvepanyika.
Vanogadzira magirazi, makapu, majagi, ndiro, midziyo uye manhamba ane zoomorphic chitarisiko. Mukuwedzera, vakagadzira zvivezwa zvevhu zvakaenzanisirwa nemaoko kana kuti zvakavezwa nemhando yespatula, izvo zvakabva zvakwenenzverwa nequartz ndokupiswa kuti zvipere.
Heano mamwe malink aunofarira: