La Modernism architecture akasimbisa kushanda, kureruka uye kurongeka, achigadzira maitiro matsva ekutaura ane akasiyana uye anoyevedza aesthetic. Chimiro chitsva chose chenguva, icho chakagamuchirwa nemarudzi uye chaunogona kuwana pazasi muchinyorwa ichi.
Mavakirwo emazuva ano
Modernism isangano repasi rose rekuvaka uye dhizaini rakabuda mumaXNUMXs semhinduro yekukurumidza kusimudzira maindasitiri uye shanduko yemagariro yanga ichiitika.
Zvichitevera kurongeka uye mitemo yepasi rose yeiyi nzira, chivakwa chemazuva ano chakashandisa zvinhu zvitsva uye tekinoroji yepamusoro, ichiramba pfungwa dzekare, dzechinyakare uye dzenhoroondo, asi pamusoro pezvose zvakanyanyisa kushongedza. Uku kutsvinda kutsva kwakakonzera zvivakwa zvemazuva ano, zvinosiyaniswa nemitsetse yakachena, akapusa ejometri maumbirwo, akachena cubic mafomu, mahwindo makuru, matenga akati sandara, uye akavhurika, anoshanda, uye anochinjika emukati nzvimbo.
Zvimiro zvaro zvakatsvedzerera zvakafumurwa zvakaonekwa sezvinokodzera kumarudzi ese netsika, sezvo isiri yekuvakisa inonzwira tsitsi, sezvakangoita nemaitiro ekumutsidzira, pane zvinopesana, inovandudza, kuedza uye kushoma.
Kuberekwa kwezvivakwa zvemazuva ano kwakauya panguva apo unyanzvi, chinhu chiri chose chaiitwa nemaoko, chakanga chichitsiviwa nokugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, chinhu chiri chose chaiitwa nemichina. Vagadziri vezvivakwa vemazuva ano vakashanda kuti vatangezve nzira dzekuvaka dzainangana nemararamiro aiita vanhu kwete zvavakaona zvakanaka.
Chii chinonzi mapurani emazuva ano?
Zvivakwa zvemazuva ano imhando yekuvaka inosimbisa basa uye yakagadziridzwa fomu pamusoro pekushongedza. Inoonekwa sekubva kune dzimwe dzimba dzakashongedzwa uye dzakashongedzwa senge Queen Anne, Victorian, kana Gothic Revival masitayipi.
Modernism architecture inowanzobatanidza yakapinza, mitsetse yakachena. Zvisinei, kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvivakwa zvemazuva ano. Kubva 1930 kusvika 1970, Expressionist, Constructivist, uye Mid-Century Modern masitaera anogona kuonekwa, kungodudza mashoma.
nhoroondo ye Modernism architecture
Bato remazuva ano rakanga risiri renguva pfupi uye raisanganisira akati wandei masitaira anopedzisa mamwe makore makumi matanhatu. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti zvitiomere kuwana chaipo pekutangira kwechimiro. Kuzvarwa kwenzvimbo dzemagadzirirwo emazuva ano papfungwa yekuti chimiro chinofanirwa kutevedzera basa uye mutsigiri mukuru uye mutsigiri wechirevo ichi aive mugadziri Louis Sullivan akagadzira zvivakwa zveChicago World's Fair muna 1893. Pfungwa iyi yakava mumantra uye hwaro hwakakosha hwemazuva ano. Architects.
Iyo yemazuva ano dhizaini yekunakisa yakange ichitekeshera makore a1930 uye yakasvika pakuzivikanwa seInternational Modernism kana International Style, izwi rakatangira paPhilip Johnson architecture kuratidzwa muna 1932. Kazhinji, kusimukira kwezvivakwa zvemazuva ano kunopera pakati pezana remakore. , asi chimiro chekugadzira chichiri kukanganisa zvivako kusvika pakuguma kwayo.
Kunyangwe kusimuka kwechimanjemanje mukuvaka kunoitika pakati pe1920s ne1950s, mavambo ayo anodzokera kuChiedza uye nekuwedzera kwayo mukuvandudza tekinoroji.
Nekudaro, nhoroondo yaro inowanzo kupatsanurwa kuita nguva nhatu, yekutanga, yemazuva ano uye yekupedzisira, umo mamotto anozivikanwa kwazvo ezvivakwa akagadzirwa. Ngatizivei zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakakosha zvemazuva ano:
Makore gumi nemasere
Modernism yakapesvedzerwa neKuvhenekerwa kana sekuzivikanwa kwaiitwa Age of Reason, izvo zvakaunza Revolution Revolution. Yakanga yakanyanya kuenderana nehungwaru, kudzokera kuDescartes, iyo nyika maonero aive emuchina, unoshanda nemitemo yemagetsi. Modernism yakatora pfungwa dzerationalism uye yakamisa kurongeka mukugadzira uye kugadzirisa kwemamiriro ekuvaka kune indasitiri.
Imwe yemamotto echimanjemanje architecture naLe Corbusier muna 1921, yakataura kuti "imba muchina wekugara", zvichireva kuti chivakwa chinofanira kuve nekuchena kwechimiro chemuchina wakanyatsogadzirwa uye kushanda sezvidimbu. zvakafanana. Iyo "muchina aesthetics" pfungwa inobva kuDescartes inotsanangura imwe yepakati pfungwa dzemazuva ano.
Mukupera kwezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe
Wekutanga wemazuva ano Adolf Loos akavewo nesimba guru pane zvemazuva ano, chinyorwa chake chakaburitswa muna 1908 chichipa sirogani yekuti, "Kushongedza imhosva", zvichireva kuti kushongedzwa kwakawanda kwaive kutambisa mari, vashandi uye zvinhu, kudzivirira. nguva dzose hupfumi hwekuvaka.
Kwaari, semunhu wemazuva ano, kuve nyore kwainyanya kukoshesa uye chishongo chakanga chisina chirevo, nzvimbo kana kukosha munzanga yemazuva ano. Iyi aesthetic purism yakaratidzwa mune zvese zvemazuva ano zvivakwa zvekuvaka, zvinoratidzwa nekureruka uye kubviswa kwekushongedza.
Vachitevera mutsara wemafungiro aLoos, vagadziri vemazuva ano vaiona kushongedza sechiratidzo chekare, chekare uye chekare, uye vakachibvisa, vachipa nzira uye mukurumbira wekuchenesa zvivakwa zvine nzvimbo yakatsetseka uye isina zvishongo.
Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX
Inofungidzirwa kuti baba vemazuva ano, louis sullivan yakagadzira imwe motto ine mukurumbira muna 1918, "fomu rinotevera basa", iro raive pesvedzero yekutanga kune vagadziri vemazuva ano vakaita se. mies van der rohe. Sullivan's sirogani yaiti chinangwa chekugadzira chivakwa chaive chekupa basa riri nani uye dhizaini inofanira kubva mukati nekunze. Kupfupisa, mavakirwo echizvino-zvino akapa pamberi pekushanda uye basa raive hwaro hwechimiro.
Bauhaus modernism
Kupesvedzera kweModernism pazvivakwa zvakabva kuBauhaus, chikoro cheGerman chekuvaka uye dhizaini chakavambwa muna 1919. Walter Gropius pamwe Mies, Marcel Breuer, Wassily Kandinsky, naPaul Klee. Bauhaus yakabatanidza hunyanzvi nehunyanzvi, hunyanzvi nekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, nekudaro inomutsiridza dhizaini yekureruka kwehupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Zana remakore rechiXNUMX
Kubva pakurambwa kwekushongedza nekuda kwebasa, kutsvaga mhinduro kumatambudziko emagariro, zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvakapesvedzera dhizaini yekuvaka kubva Hondo Yenyika II isati yasvika. Zvisinei, nheyo dzakakosha dzakadai sekurwisana nenhoroondo, basa, kufambira mberi, uye tsika dzemagariro evanhu dzakashandurwa kuva tarisiro dzakakwirira dzinowanzokundikana kuzadzisa zvidikanwi chaizvo uye zvido zvemhuri nenharaunda.
MumaXNUMX, zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvakanzi zvakafa uye zvivakwa zvakawanda zvemazuva ano zvakaputswa. Asi, nanhasi, zvivakwa zvemazuva ano senge Kensal House yemugadziri weChirungu Maxwell Fry, ramba uine mukurumbira prototypes yemagariro ekugadzirisa dzimba makore makumi masere mushure mekuvakwa kwavo.
Mukuwedzera, mubatanidzwa wetekinoroji uye dhizaini yaive chiyero chemazuva ano chakatipa mapurojekiti matsva uye akakura uye budiriro, senge skyscraper.
Hunhu hwekuvakwa kwemazuva ano
Sezvatakambotaura, kune akawanda masitaera ezvivakwa zvemazuva ano, ane anotsanangura maitiro. Pakati pezvakajairwa uye zvakajairwa izvo zvinogona kuoneka munenge mune zvese zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvekuvaka zvinosanganisira:
- Kuchena mumitsetse: izvi zvivakwa hazvina kushongedza uye zvakajairika kuti vane yunifomu, yakapfava uye yakatsetseka kupera.
- Denga rakapamhama: Dzimba dzemazuva ano dzinosimbisa zvimiro zvakaderera zvakachinjika zvine denga rakakura.
- Girazi madziro uye mahwindo akakura: Iwe une chokwadi chekucherechedza kushandiswa kwakaringana kwegirazi, izvo zvinobvumira mwenje wakawanda wemukati mukati.
- Yakavhurika, Yakanyatsotsanangurwa Floor Plans: Kutarisa pafomu pamusoro pebasa, vagadziri vemazuva ano vakatsvaga kusanganisa hurongwa hwakakura, hwakapamhama hwepasi, nenzvimbo dzekudyira uye dzekugara dzakayerera dzichipinda mune imwe.
- Zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano uye zvechinyakare zvekugadzira: Zvimwe zvinonyanyozivikanwa zvinosanganisira simbi, cinder block, iron, uye girazi. Zvimwe zvinhu zvakajairika zvakaita sehuni, zvidhinha nedombo zvakashandiswa zviri nyore kuratidza kunaka kwadzo.
- Vanochengetedza hukama nenzvimbo dzekunze: vakanyatsofungisisa nzvimbo dzekuvaka uye kuti zvivako zvaizobatana sei nemamiriro echisikigo akavapoteredza.
- Asymmetrical Dhizaini: Vagadziri vemazuva ano vakatora mukana uye vakabatanidza mahombe, akapfava mafomu, vachigadzira zvakachena zvakarongwa asymmetrical nziyo dzaishaya imwe yekushongedza.
Chokwadi Chinonakidza Nezve Modernism Architecture
Zvamazvirokwazvo chimiro ichi chakapararira munyika yose, zvikurukuru pashure pehondo. Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinonakidza uye zvikamu zvekuvakwa kweiyo modernism nhanho zvinosanganisira:
- Dingindira guru rakanga riri rokubvisa zvishongo.
Zvitayera zvekare zvezvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvichine zvimwe zvekushandisa zvekushongedza, ndizvo zvazviri Frank Lloyd Wright, iyo yaizobatanidza magirazi egirazi mahwindo, nechinangwa chekuti hapana mamwe mifananidzo yaizodiwa. Nekudaro, kunze kweizvozvo, mavakirwo emazuva ano ndeyekuongorora uye kwete kupenya.
- Zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvakasiyana nezvino.
Pane nyonganiso huru yekuti zvivakwa zvemazuvano uye zvemazuva ano zvakafanana, asi hazvisi. Zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvakafemerwa nesangano reunyanzvi rinozivikanwa semazuvano uye rakagara kusvika kuma1960.
Mukupesana, zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvinosanganisa zvese zvaive zvivakwa mushure memakore makumi matanhatu, kusvika panguva ino. Muchidimbu, zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvinoratidza masitayera emazuva ano, ayo anoshanduka kuve akasiyana.
- Dzimba dzemazuva ano dzainzi dzakanyanya kutonhora zvemazuva ese.
Dzimba dzemazuvano dzaive dzechimurenga nekuti dzakagashira pfungwa yenzvimbo yakasununguka-inoyerera, ukuwo vachiramba kuzara uye zvinhu zvakawandisa. Nokufamba kwenguva, zvisinei, vagadziri vezvivakwa vakawanda vakadenha uyu mufungo wakaoma wenzvimbo nokushaikwa kwezvinhu, vachiuona sokutonhora uye kusiri munhu.
Shanduko iyi muchiono yakaunza mamwe magadzirirwo emazuva ano, ayo akashanda kubatanidza kushongedza uye ruvara. Mudzimba dzemazuva ano, unogona kuve neyakavhurika-pfungwa yepasi chirongwa pasina kusiya kuvanzika.
- Anenge makore makumi matanhatu ekufurira
Zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvakatanga mukutanga kwema1900 uye zvakapera kumaXNUMX apo mamwe madhizaini emazuva ano akabuda. Nheyo dzekutanga dzezvivakwa zvemazuva ano dzinosanganisira fomu rinotevera basa, mitsetse yakachena, uye kushomeka kwekushongedza.
Pesvedzero yaro yakagara kweanenge makore makumi matanhatu, kusvikira, nekufamba kwenguva, misimboti yemazuva ano yakanyanya kutonhora kuhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, pamwe nekuda kwekuwanda kwenzvimbo uye kushata kwezvinhu zvekuvaka.
Zvakakosha maficha yezvivakwa zvemazuva ano
Kunze kwemisimboti yezvivakwa zvemazuva ano, izvo zvakapfupikiswa nemugadziri weAmerica louis sullivan mumutsara fomu rinotevera basa, chimiro chekugadzira chine chaiyo uye inozivikanwa aesthetic:
- Iko kushandiswa kwakasanganiswa kwe cubic uye cylindrical maumbirwo nenzira yeasymmetric.
- Matenga akati sandara.
- Kushaikwa kwekushongedza kana kuumbwa kunopa kuchena, kurongeka kutaridzika zvichienzaniswa neakare akashongedzwa zvakanyanya.
- Simbi, girazi, uye kongiri zvakashandiswa sezvivakwa zvekuvaka, zvichipa zvivakwa zvemazuva ano chimiro cheindasitiri kana chekushandisa, kurarama zvinoenderana neazvino piyona wezvivakwa Le Corbusier akati: imba muchina wekugara.
- Yakaomarara uye isina kwayakarerekera mavara akadai sechena, kirimu, beige kana grey yakashandiswa, ichiva chimwe chiratidzo chemazuva ano ekuvaka.
Modernist architects
Kunyange zvazvo Le Corbusier aionekwa semugadziri akakosha zvikuru wezana ramakore rechi1911, angave ndiye anonyanyo zivikanwa mazuvano, nekuti mumwe mugadziri wezvivakwa ndiye aive wekutanga kuisa misimboti yekugadzira yemazuva ano. Walter Gropius, muvambi wechikoro chinoremekedzwa cheBauhaus chedhizaini, akapayona zvechizvino-zvino zvekuvaka zvakaita segirazi remadziro emadziro muchivako chake cheFagus Factory muna XNUMX.
Pakupera kwema1920, chimanjemanje chaive chave netsika muEurope ndokutanga kupararira kuAmerica. Kunyange zvazvo Frank Lloyd Wright akaramba kuva nechokuita nesangano ripi neripi rokugadzira, chitendero chake chokuti zvivako zvinofanira kugara mutsinhirano nemhoteredzo yazvo, kunoenzanisirwa nemifananidzo yake. Kudonha mvura, rakava rimwe bato rine simba guru resangano remazuva ano.
maitiro kune modernism
Kunyangwe yakatonga kweanopfuura makumi matanhatu emakore, nekufamba kwenguva modernism yaive nevadzivisi vayo. Postmodernism, yaive maitiro kune chimiro chemazuva ano, izvo zvakakonzera shanduko mukutenda kune vakawanda vakatadza kuti mhinduro imwechete inogona kukwana zvese.
Nepo pfungwa dzemazuva ano dzichisimbisa nhungamiro, kurongeka, kuwirirana, uye kugadzikana, pfungwa dzepanguva yazvino uno dzinonyanya kufunga nezvekukamukana, kuwanda, uye kuitika.
Pfungwa dzekuwanda nekusiyana dzakamuka nechinangwa chekufambira mberi kwepasirese uye iyo haina kunambwa senzira ine mutsara, asi se network yekubatanidza nekubatanidzazve, ichipesvedzera akawanda hunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi dzidziso, kusanganisira zvivakwa. Kutanga muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, postmodernism yakakamurwa kuita akati wandei akasiyana masitaera ekuvaka, anosanganisira:
- Hi-tech architecture.
- Neoclassicism.
- Deconstructivism.
Zvisineyi, hapana chimiro chimwe chekuvaka nhasi, sehumbowo hwekuti kuwanda kwakafumurwa nekuunzwa nepostmodernism kunobvumira rusununguko rukuru rwekutaura nekugadzira. Zvinozivikanwa semazuva ano, zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvinosanganisa akawanda ezvitaera zvakasiyana, mamwe ane pfungwa dzakanyanya, anowanzo kuvezwa muchimiro.
Mapurojekiti akaita saFrank Gehry's Walt Disney Concert Hall uye Philip Nikandrov's Evolution Tower anoshandisa tekinoroji yepamusoro uye zvinhu zvitsva zvekuvaka kugadzira zvivakwa zvakafanana nemabasa eunyanzvi.
Zvizhinji zvezvivakwa zvazvino zvakaitwa nevagadziri vane mukurumbira muzana rapfuura, zvisinei, mafomu matsva ekugadzira kuburikidza nemubatanidzwa uye masangano emarudzi akawanda atanga kukura uye kubata. Zvese izvi zvakawedzera kukosha kuri kukura kwakapihwa kune yakagadzikana dhizaini, ramangwana rezvivakwa rinoratidzika kunge rakazara nehunyanzvi uye vanoona kure.
Emblematic zvivakwa zvemhando iyi
Zvivakwa zvemazuva ano chikoro chekugadzira chakavepo kubva pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX kusvika Hondo Yenyika II, hondo inotyisa uye inoparadza yakachinja zvese, kusanganisira rudzi rwezvivakwa, izvo zvainyanya kutarisisa zvivakwa zvaive zvakakosha munguva yepositi. hondo
Vapukunyuki uye vanhuwo zvavo vaida kushanda nesimba kuti vavakezve maguta ese kubva pakutanga, mazhinji akaputswa panguva iyoyo nekurwa nguva dzose. Iyo inotonga neoclassical arts uye dhizaini panguva iyoyo yakapa nzira kune imwe nzira yekuvaka iyo yakaedza kusangana nezvinodiwa nevagari, ichipa kusimuka kwezvivakwa zvemazuva ano.
Iyi sitaira yaivimba nekushandiswa kwemanoveli ekuvaka matekiniki uye zvinhu zvakaita sekongiri yakasimbiswa, simbi, uye girazi, izvo zvaive zvakakurumbira pakati pezvivakwa zvehurumende nemasangano edzidzo, kusvika kumaXNUMX.
Mushure mechikamu ichocho chakatanga kutarisana nemakwikwi akasimba kubva kune zvimwe zvikoro zvitsva zvakadai sepostmodernism uye neomodernism. Nekudaro, dhizaini yemazuva ano yakasiya kusarudzwa kwakakura kwezvivakwa zvine mukurumbira zvinoratidzira zvakanakisa zveiyo maitiro:
Iyo Fallingwater House
Ichi chivako chakavakwa muMill Run, Pennsylvania, United States muna 1935, chakagadzirwa naFrank Lloyd Wright ane mukurumbira. Imba yemifananidzo yakafemerwa nekuvakwa kweJapan, yakakurumbira nekushandisa kwayo cantilevers, uye yakabatanidzwa zvinoshamisa munzvimbo yakapoteredza yakasikwa. Ichi chivakwa chakagadzirwa sehutiziro hwekupera kwevhiki kumhuri yeKaufmann.
Mushure mekuvaka, imba yacho yakakurumidza kuparara, ichiratidza, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kudonha kwakawanda uye kutsemuka kwepamusoro pematanho nekuda kwekushayikwa kwekusimbiswa kwakakwana. Kunyangwe yakagadziridzwa kakawanda, yakashandurwa kuita museum muna 2002.
Imba yegirazi
Yakagadzirwa naPhilip Johnson uye yakavakwa muNew Canaan, Connecticut, United States, makore akapoteredza 1949, chaive chivakwa chairatidza kutarisisa uye kujeka hunhu hwegirazi. Pamusoro pezvo, akaedza zvimiro uye maumbirwo ejometri izvo zvechokwadi zvakaita kuti chivakwa chive chimwe chezvicherechedzo munzvimbo iyi uye chiratidzo chezvivakwa zvemazuva ano.
Imba iyi yakaitirwa senzvimbo yekupera kwevhiki uye zororo rakagadzirwa zvakanyanya negirazi nesimbi. Nekudaro, yakatamburawo nedambudziko re "denga rinodonha" senge imba yeFallingwater.
villa savoye
Basa rakaitwa naLe Corbusier, muParis, France kutenderera 1931, rakavakwa senzvimbo yekuzorora uye yekupotera mhuri yevaSavoys, muPoissy, nzvimbo iri kunze kweParis.
Dhizaini yayo inoratidza mapoinzi mashanu akatsanangurirwa naLe Corbusier uye akarwira kwenguva yakareba, ayo aisanganisira: chirongwa chakavhurika, makoramu ekongiri akasimbiswa, mahwindo akachinjika, gadheni repadenga uye façade yakasununguka. Iyo villa yaive nematambudziko ekuvaka uye mhuri, mushure mekuishandisa kwechinguva, yakaisiya makore mashoma gare gare. Iko zvino yave pane "Public Buildings" rondedzero uye yakashandurwa kuita museum.
Guggenheim Museum
Kuna Frank Lloyd Wright, muNew York, United States, (1959) akaita dhizaini ine pfungwa yezvivakwa zveorganic, iyo yairatidza hunhu hwakabatana zvakanyanya nemhoteredzo.
Iyo museum yakavakwa muchimiro chekoni uye inosanganisira akawanda akakosha magarari uye miunganidzwa yemifananidzo. Iyo yemukati ndeye spiral dhizaini, inokutora iwe parwendo rusingaperi nekupedza zvipingamupinyi zvese pakati penzvimbo. Iwo akaomesesa mafomu ejometri aitonga zvivakwa zvemazuva ano anoita chirevo chakajeka, sekureva kwemugadziri, kune dzimwe pfungwa, mafungiro uye manzwiro, izvo zvaakaona tembere yemweya muGuggenheim.
Barcelona Pavilion
Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe akagadzira muBarcelona, Spain, yaimbozivikanwa seGerman pavilion ye1929 International Exhibition yakaitirwa muguta iro uye yaive nechikamu cheGerman chechiratidziro.
Dhizaini, iyo yakapesvedzerwa nekufamba kweBauhaus, inoratidzira madziro akajeka uye sirin'i yakavharwa uye kunyangwe yaive yakanyanya kuderera, mugadziri wezvivakwa akaenda kureba kushandisa zvinhu zveumbozha zvakaita seonikisi tsvuku, marble uye travertine. Inoratidza ngano Barcelona Sachigaro , chimwe chezvimedu zveumbozha zvefenicha, yakanyatsogadzirirwa chivakwa.
Ingalls Ice Rink
David S. Ingalls Skating Rink muNew Have, Connecticut, USA anozivikanwawo seYale Whale, achireva Yale University, kwaakapedza kudzidza. ero saarinen uye nzira yacho.
Iyo dhizaini ine yakasarudzika siginecha yekuvaka yeSaarinen, uyo aiwanzoshandisa catenary arches. Iyo hockey rink ine denga rinoputika cantilevered iro rinotsigirwa ne90 metres yakakwirira arch yeakasimbiswa kongiri.
Villa Dirickz
Yakagadzirwa na Marcel Leborgne, muBrussels, Belgium, ichi chivako chinokosha chezvivakwa zvemazuva ano chakavakwa muna 1933. Chine zvinhu zvinokatyamadza zvebhuroko, basa regirazi nekongiri chena, uye chakakomberedzwa negirinhi. Parizvino inogara zvemukati zvemukati uye zvivakwa zvakaita sevhavha yewaini uye sinema.
Leborgne mugadziri wezvivakwa kubva kuBelgium, precursor uye baba vemazuva ano ekuvaka kwekuvaka munyika yake. The Villa Dirickz Yakagadzirirwa VaDirickz, mukuru wemaindasitiri aifarira zvemitambo. Zvisinei, makore gare gare kuvakwa uku kwakakanganwika kutozosvikira musimudziri alexander cambron akaitenga muna 2007 uye akazvipira kuigadzirisa.
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