Pachiitiko ichi tinokuunzira iwe kuburikidza nechinyorwa ichi izvo zvakanyanya kunaka maficha e renaissance architecture iyo inoenderana nezana ramakore rechigumi neshanu nerechitanhatu uko tsananguro dzeunyanzvi hwekuchengetedza dzakaitwa kutenda kune hutsva hwakasanganiswa nevavaki vanoshamisa ava. Usarega kuiverenga!
Chii chinonzi Renaissance architecture?
Renaissance architecture imhando inotaura nezvekuvandudzwa mutsika dzechinyakare, inomuka muguta reFlorence rinova rerudzi rweItaly pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, kubva ipapo rakapararira muEuropean kondinendi.
Panguva iyoyo yenhoroondo, chimiro chekare cheGothic chakatsiviwa neichi chimiro chitsva chekuvaka.Zvakakosha kuziva kuti zvivakwa zveRenaissance chikamu chenguva yeRenaissance mune zvehunyanzvi, hungwaru uye nhoroondo.
Iyo inomuka munguva yeGothic, ichitsiva Baroque kufamba, chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekununura yekare hunyanzvi uye pfungwa dzehuzivi, kusanganisira Greco-Roman. Saka maonero ake anobva pane classicism uye humanism.
Iri panguva ino yenhoroondo apo dhizaini yeRenaissance inotora tsananguro dzepfungwa dzechinyakare, kusanganisira symmetry uye kurongeka uko kunogona kutoonekwa muzvivakwa zvezvivakwa zvekare.
Nokudaro, chivako cheRenaissance chinobva pakunaka kwezvivakwa zvayo uye kuwirirana muzvivako zvichavakwa, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo dzivakwe kuti dzive dzakakura uye dzakajeka apo chiedza chakakosha, kusiyanisa maitiro eRenaissance kubva kuGothic movement.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti iwe uzive kuti panguva iyi yehunyanzvi kufamba kwesimba remhuri dzaitarisira maguta eItaly pakutanga kwezana ramakore reXNUMX rakasimuka.
Naizvozvo, kuwedzera kwehupfumi kwakagovaniswa mukuvakwa kwezvivakwa, kuvandudza nharaunda yeguta, iyo panguva iyoyo yaive nzvimbo huru dzekutengeserana nekuda kwekufambira mberi kwehupfumi.
Renaissance architecture inowana apogee yekutenda kumhuri dzakapfuma idzi uye kuwanazve tsika dzechinyakare dzechinyakare cheGreek neRoma budiriro yaive kufambira mberi kukuru mukuvaka.
Kunyangwe zvidzidzo zvaFilippo Brunelleschi kuwana mhinduro yezvimiro mubudiriro yeRoma yekare zvakabvumira kuvakwa kwedome reDuomo reFlorence kwaive kufambira mberi kukuru mumhando iyi yezvivakwa zveRenaissance yaive ichitanga munguva ino yenhoroondo.
Saka dome iri rinosiyana nebudiriro yeRoma yekare pakuti chigadziko charo chine octagonal, madhomu maviri aishandiswa, imwe mukati neimwe kunze, ayo anobatanidzwa nembabvu.
Inowedzerwawo nerambi kumagumo uye sePazzi Chapel. Brunelleschi akashandisa pfungwa dzechikamu uye mafomu akajairwa neRenaissance pakuvakwa kwayo.
Dzidziso dzinobva pane mavakirwo esangano reunyanzvi iri
Kuburikidza nesarudzo yemadingindira echitendero kugadzirwa nehurongwa hweVerona friar, mukuwedzera kune zvigadziko zveRenaissance zvivakwa mukutarisisa tsika dzechinyakare, zvakabvumira zvivakwa zvitsva kuchamhembe kwenyika yeItaly.
Mukuwedzera, kufambira mberi kwakaitwa nemirairo yaSebastiano Serlio iyo yakashandurwa ikava chibvumirano apo marudzi akasiyana-siyana emakoramu akabatanidzwa, kusanganisira misoro uye kumiririra kweVitruvius yakagadzirwa naLeonardo Da Vinci.
Mumashure-akaita sikweya kumashure akasimbisa kuenzana kwehukama hwemakumbo emuviri wemunhu akashandiswa kuwedzera kune ine mufananidzo gwara De Architectura yaive nhanho yevagadziri vekubva kuItaly.
Naizvozvo, muQuattrocento, kudhindwa kwemabhuku ehunyanzvi hwekuvakwa kweRenaissance architecture kwakatanga, kuve kwakanakisa mune iyi chirango chedzidzo.
Zvakanaka, ivo vari kutungamira kutsanangura Mitemo yekutevera muMishanu Kuvaka Modes uko kurongeka hakuna kurongeka asi kunopa nguva dzisiri dzenguva mumaguta akasiyana eEurope.
Muchinyorwa cheSerliano, nzira shanu dzekuvaka kana mirairo yeRenaissance architecture inokurukurwa, iyo inowedzerwa kuburikidza nezvimwe zvinhu senge pedestals, iyo Corinthian entablature, hwaro hunotorwa kubva kumagariro ekare.
Kuwedzera kureba kwembiru dzinozoshandiswa mukuvaka kwadzo nedhayamita imwe yega yega yega kuti ishandiswe kubva pamatanhatu kusvika kugumi nhamba yemakoramu iri mugwaro iri naSerlio apo kuenzana kunokurukurwa.
Kunyangwe zvezviumbwa zvichashandiswa kugadzira muenzaniso unoshanda wekuvaka kuburikidza nekodha yemirairo yekutevera uye inoguma pakati pezana ramakore regumi neshanu nekuda kwechimwe chiziviso chinozivikanwa icho cheVignola.
Murume uyu ainzi Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola uyo akatevera nhungamiro yebhuku rechina rakaitwa naSerlio, richiideredza kumifananidzo nemimwe mitsetse iri pazasi peji kuti itsanangure muenzaniso mune imwe neimwe yemapeji makumi matatu nemaviri akaitwa nemahwendefa emhangura.
Neizvi, anogadzira mutemo wakareruka apo mutsara unoteedzana wehukama hwehukama hunotsanangurwa hwaive nyore kugadzirwa nevamwe vagadziri munguva yenhoroondo.
Nguva dzinomira pachena muRenaissance architecture
Kana dziri nguva dzinoumba chivakwa cheRenaissance, dzakakamurwa kuita nguva mbiri huru dzinozivikanwa pasi pemazita anotevera muchiItalian: Quattrocento neCinquecento.
Mazana mana
Nezvenguva inozivikanwa seQuattrocento, yakatanga pakati pezana ramakore regumi neshanu, Renaissance architecture inomiririrwa naLeón Battista Alberti naFilippo Brunelleschi.
Iyo inotora mitsara yechinyakare uye inopinda muzviito zvefungidziro kuita zvivakwa zveFlorence mufananidzo mutsva wemaGreek neRoma akabudirira achitsvaga kuwedzera kunaka kwezvivakwa zvavo.
Hunhu hwakatanhamara hwenguva iyi chishuwo chekuvaka zvivakwa zvakakwana zvinoenderana nemasvomhu uye geometric zvidzidzo kuti uwane kuwirirana uye chikamu chaive chakakosha muRenaissance architecture.
Nekuda kweizvi, vanotora semodule radius uye dhayamita yemakoramu kana mapilasta vachiona izvi, vanoongorora dzidziso vakaita saPaciotti muzvinyorwa zvake vanotaura pamusoro peiyo inonzi goridhe reshiyo iyo yakareba mita imwe ne 1 mita yakafara kuti ibudirire. kuwirirana kwezvivakwa izvi.
Nokudaro, kukwirira kwekufamba kweGothic kufamba kunoshandurwa kuburikidza neRenaissance architecture nehupamhi hwezvivakwa zvayo, uye kubva mukati mechivako zvaive zvichibvira kuva nechiratidzo chakazara chenzvimbo yekuvaka pasinei nokuti muoni ari kupi.
Zvivakwa zvakavakwa panguva iyi
Kuvakwa kwematemberi echitendero kwakakunda munguva iyi, chirongwa chekuvaka chakafanana nemuchinjikwa wechiLatin uye kunyange zvivakwa zvakaitwa nepakati chirongwa chakafanana nechiGiriki kana muchinjikwa wedenderedzwa.
Munguva iyi, zvivakwa zvevagari zvakavakwa zvakare, senge dzimba dzehumambo, pamwe nezvipatara nemaraibhurari, zviri chikamu cheRenaissance architecture.
Pakati pevagadziri vanomira panguva ino ndiBrunelleschi, Leon Battista Alberti, Michelozzo di Bartolomeo naGiuliano Sangallo.
Mazana mashanu
Iyo inotevera nguva iyo Renaissance architecture ichagadziridzwa ndiyo Cinquecento muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX, iyo ine matanho maviri, yekutanga inozivikanwa seHigh Renaissance.
Inotaridzwa muchikamu chechina chezana ramakore rechigumi nematanhatu kusvika gore ra1527, muchikamu chino vavaki vakaita saDonato Bramante Rafael Sanzio, Antonio de Sangallo Mudiki naMiguel Ángel Buonarotti vakamira.
Chimwe chikamu cheRenaissance architecture chinozivikanwa nezita rekuti Mannerism uye ndecheLate Renaissance apo maitiro eBaroque anotanga kushandiswa achitevera maitiro aMichelangelo.
Semunhu ega ega hunhu hwemagadzirirwo eRenaissance, vagadziri vanotevera vanomira panguva ino: Jacopo Vignola, Giulio Romano, Giacomo della Porta kana A Palladio naGin Romano.
VanaPope vabatsiri veRenaissance architecture
Kunyangwe muRoma, Donato Bramante, Sangallo uye Venetian Giorgione naTitian vanomira. Nezvenguva yeMannerist, Jacopo Vignola, Andrea Palladio, Veronese, Antonio Allegri da Correggio, Giambologna, pamwe naBenvenuto Cellini vanomira pachena maererano neRenaissance architecture.
Iyi nguva yaive nehupenyu hwayo muguta reRome zvakasiyana nenguva yekutanga yaive muFlorence nekuda kweMedici. Pakati pevanyori vane simba zvikuru ndiRaphael Sanzio, Leonardo Da Vinci naMichelangelo.
Kuve iyo yakanyanya kukosha nguva iyo runako uye hunhu hunoratidzwa, kusiyana nenguva yekutanga yaive nesimba muFlorence, iyo Cinquecento ine chinhanho chayo muguta reRome nekuda kweVaPope vanove mudziviriri wevanyori vanosanganisa mavakirwo eguta reRome. Renaissance.
Hunhu hunotungamira muRenaissance architecture
Pakutanga, dhizaini yeRenaissance inotsamira pambiru mbiri dzakakosha senge classicism uye humanism, saka hunhu hweiyi hunyanzvi hwekufamba hwaive husina hukama nehuchenjeri hwekare.
Pakati pehukuru hunhu hweRenaissance architecture inomira pachena kutsvaga kweiyo yakanakisa yechiGiriki neyechiRoma tsika yekushandura nzanga yenguva yekuvaka zvivakwa kubva kune yakasarudzika maonero.
Naizvozvo, dhizaini yeRenaissance yakaganhurwa mazwi kana tsananguro senge runako pamwe nekurongeka mukufamba uye kuwirirana mukuvaka kwembiru nemaarch.
Muono wakashata munharaunda yechitendero unoonekwa mukuvakwa kweRenaissance, sezvo hunhu hwechiKristu huchigamuchira pesvedzero yeItaly kubva kumabasa emifananidzo apo hunhu hwezvivi hunosimbiswa.
Saizvozvowo, zvisikwa zvinopesvedzera mavakirwo eRenaissance nekuti ndiko kusikwa kweWemasimbaose, saka chinhu chiri padyo ndiko kukwana mune aesthetics yeiyi sangano reRenaissance sechimwe chinhu chayo.
Humwe hunhu hunoperekedza Renaissance architecture ndeye anthropocentric uye muono wemunhu, zvekuti chisikwa chikuru chaMwari ndiye munhu uye anodyidzana nechadenga maererano nekare yekare art.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti titaure maonero sechikamu chenzvimbo yeRenaissance architecture mudhizaini ichipa chiitiko chinoshanda kune chivakwa kubva kune yekuongorora uye ine chinangwa nzira inoratidzwa mumacathedrals umo kana achipinda munhu anofanira kusimudza maziso ake mukutsvaga Mwari. .
Naizvozvo, muRenaissance architecture, inotsvakwa kuve nechido chemumwe nemumwe wevanhu kana ichipinda mubasa rekuvaka ichitsvaga Wemasimbaose kubva padanho remunhu.
Kufemerwa muRenaissance architecture
Mavakirwo eRenaissance anoedza kudzoreredza pfungwa dzekirasi mubato reRenaissance sezvinoonekwa mukati memacathedrals apo patinotarisa mudenga tinogona kuona denga kuna Mwari.
Hongu ivo vakafemerwa nematongo echiGreek neRoman budiriro asi vaine ruzivo rwekunaka rwakafanana nevavaki vakaita basa.
Pakati pavo Leon Battista Alberti akagadzira De re aedificatoria anove mabhuku gumi apo anopa kurongeka kweVitruvian architecture kuitira kuti ive chikamu cheRenaissance architectural design.
Mamiriro emagariro emugadziri maererano nemabhuku ekuvaka kana zvinyorwa
Mhizha inokwira kusvika padanho renyanzvi muRenaissance architecture nekuda kwechidzidzo chezvibvumirano izvo vagadziri vezvivakwa vakaverengerwa sechikamu cheRenaissance elite semhando yekambani.
Zvibvumirano paRenaissance architecture zvinobvumira kuzivikanwa kwemunhu pamberi penyika, kushandura dhizaini kuita chirango chedzidzo.
Sezvo nyanzvi yekuvaka kweRenaissance yakabatana nehumambo, humwe hunhu hwezvivakwa izvi hwaive hunhu uye saka vairatidza pfungwa yezvematongerwo enyika yenguva iyoyo yenhoroondo.
Zvimwe zvinhu zvekuziva
Zvinhu zvaisiyanisa vanhu vekare zvakachinja nokufamba kwenguva, zvichichinja kuvakwa kwezvivako.
Mamiriro emaguta ehupfumi enguva iyoyo munhoroondo nokudaro anosimbisa mubatanidzwa pakati peunyanzvi hwekare neatsva achaunzwa muzana remakore rechiXNUMX.
Ikoko kunocherechedzwa muRenaissance ezvivakwa zvivako zvine rectangular chimiro ane symmetrical anopedza uye mativi kuti kwakavakirwa module ndiyo upamhi nave apo vaisimbiswa pakuvaka temberi dzechitendero.
Ndege dzeRenaissance architecture dzine symmetrical square shape apo zviyero zvinobva pane module, zviri izvo zvakakosha zveRenaissance muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, nokuti izvi zvaifanira kunge zvichibva pakushandiswa kwemakoramu, pilaster, vaults, arches. mahwindo, madziro uye dzimba ..
Mafacade aive akaenzana maererano neakisi yakamira uye mumatemberi echitendero aive akashongedzwa korona kuburikidza nepediment uye kurongeka kwakapihwa nehurongwa hwemapirasta, entablatures uye akaiswa arches.
Muzvivakwa zvevagari vakapfuurwa necornice maererano nembiru nemapilasta, zvaive zvichibva pamirairo yaiitwa nebudiriro yeRoma yekare, seTuscany, Ionian, Doric, Corinthian, pamwe nemaarch akabatanidzwa.
Nezve makoramu nemahwindo, kufambira mberi kune pakati pebasa richaitwa kunoonekwa muRenaissance architecture, muenzaniso weaya mafacade ari Cathedral yePizza, iyo inonzi yakaitwa nemugadziri weFlorentine anonzi Bernardo Gambarelli.
Kurongeka kwekuvaka kweRenaissance kwakarongeka, kuchengetedza curvature yakagadzirwa nechinangwa chekushongedza, vakabva vaswedera pedyo nemadziro vachigadzira pilaster nenzira yakabatanidzwa.Imwe yezvivakwa zvekutanga zvekushandisa iyi yekuvaka yaiva Old Sacristy yakagadzirwa naBrunelleschi.
Kana dziri dzimba dzinonzi mbabvu nekuda kwechimiro chadzo chakakura uye chinoonekwa kubva kunze, dzaiwanzoshandiswa panguva ino munhoroondo sechinhu chechimiro nechinangwa chekukwanisa kufukidza nzvimbo diki dzinoonekwa mukati mekuvakwa kweiyo yakavharirwa.
Mushure mekubudirira kwekuvakwa kwedome yakagadzirwa naBrunelleschi muFlorence Cathedral, yakashandiswa naDonato Bramante.
Kuvakwa kweBasilica yeSaint Peter muguta reRome, kuve chinhu chakakosha muRenaissance architecture uye yozoendeswa kune Baroque movement.
Sustainable zvinhu muRenaissance architecture
Madziro nemakoramu anomira pachena mukuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvekutsigirwa kwehuremu hwakasanganiswa nemaitiro. zvinhu zvavaishandisa zvaifanira kusapindirana pamwe chete nekufadza maziso evaoni, pakati pezvinhu zvavaishandisa zvinosanganisira zvidhinha, matanda nemabhura.
Nechinangwa chekugadzira zvishongedzo, goridhe, grotesque, garlands, ballasts zvakashandiswa kupa kunzwisiswa kukuru uye kupfava kumatemberi echitendero nemabasa ehurumende senge nhare.
Pamatenga vakashandisa matenga akati sandara pamwe chete nemakamuri, maarch, madhome nemafafitera zvaive zvemhando yekuvaka kweRenaissance uye parutsigiro vaishandisa mbiru dzemhando dzekare pamwe nemapilasta, mbiru kana mapendenti.
Nhoroondo nguva yeRenaissance architecture
Sezvaunotoziva kare kuburikidza nechinyorwa ichi chinonakidza, zvivakwa zveRenaissance zvakatanga muzana ramakore regumi neshanu munyika yeItaly muguta reFlorence uko bato reGothic rakanga risati rapinda muguta uye panguva iyoyo munhoroondo dome yecathedral yaive ichivakwa. Santa Maria del Fiore.
Munhu aitarisira kuita basa iri aive Filippo Brunelleschi akatyora maparadigms ekare achiwanazve classicism pamwe nekusimudzira maitirwo uye dzidziso itsva dzine chekuita neRenaissance architecture.
Kuburikidza neiyi dome inoshandura iyo yakajairwa mitemo yekuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvevagari uko kuparadzaniswa kwemugadziri maererano nemuvaki kunoitwa.
Imwe chokwadi chekufunga nezve Renaissance architecture ndechekuti mugadziri munyaya iyi Brunelleschi anoratidza kukosha kukuru mumunda wekuvaka uye kwete muchimiro.
Zvakanaka, kuvakwa kunoonekwa sese kuburikidza nekudzidza kwematongo eGreco-Roman uye kwete mukudzidza kwezvibata zvechinyakare tsika, saka nyanzvi yeRenaissance architecture inosimbiswa seane njere anotarisira kugadzira uyezve. kuvaka..
Sezvaunotoziva, zvivakwa zveRenaissance zvakatanga muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX muguta reFlorence kuItaly, uko Gothic yaive chimiro chitsva icho vagadziri venguva iyoyo yenhoroondo vaidzidza nezvayo.
Renaissance architecture inodarika classicism nekupa mhinduro kuchimiro munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuvaka uko zvinhu zvechinyakare kushandiswa, domes uye arches, zvinoshandiswa nenzira isati yamboitika, ichipa hunhu hunoshanda.
Izwi rekuti Renaissance rinoreva kufarira kwakamutsidzirwa mutsika dzechinyakare dzechinyakare dzakaita seGreek neRoman uye munguva yenhoroondo inomuka, kubudirira mumunda wetsika kunooneka, sezvakaita nyaya yezvinyorwa uye hunyanzvi.
Florence ndiyo yaive musimboti wenguva yaizivikanwa seQuattrocento, riri guta reRoma mumiriri wenguva inotevera yeCinquecento nekuda kwesimba rePope kuve vabatsiri uye kuwanda kwezvivakwa zviri mumatemberi ezvitendero.
Mumwe wemisiyano mikuru pakati penguva mbiri idzi ndewekuti Cinquecento yaive nefanorongedzerwa nemhedzisiro yevacherechedzi nekuda kwehukuru hwemitsara yaibvumira kuvaka pasina kushandisa yakawandisa yekushongedza senge padanho rakapfuura.
Munda wezvematongerwo enyika
Pamusoro penzvimbo iyi, paigara paine kurwisana kwekuwana simba pamwe chete nekushanduka kwemadzimambo eumambo, kurwisana kwemauto uye nechisimba chekunze.
Hondo munyika yeItaly dzakasakadza nzvimbo yaipikisana neSpain neFrance, saka chibvumirano muGranada mugore ra1500 chakapatsanura humambo hweNaples pakati penyika dzeSpain neFrance gare gare neChibvumirano cheLyon. guta reNaples raizoumba chikamu cheKorona yeAragon.
Ipapo Francisco I akava mambo weFrance naCarlos I akava mambo weSpain, vakarwisana zvakare kuti vawane zita rokuremekedza raMambo uye pakati pamakore a1521 na 1526 Spain yakava simba raidzora Peninsula yeItaly.
Kuburikidza nekutonga kwerudzi rweItari, kubatanidzwa kwakaitwa mukutsinhana kwetsika nenzira mbiri pakati penyika mbiri.
Iyo Dome yeSanta Maria del Fiore
Cathedral iyi yakatanga mugore ra1296 asi yakanga yatora nguva yakareba kuti ipedze kuvakwa kwayo nekuti mugadziri wezvivakwa Brunelleschi akafa muna 1446.
Basa rakanga risati rapera. Zvinokosha kuti uzive kuti kuvakwa uku hakuna kugadzirwa asi kuti kufungidzira uye kuvakwa kwacho kwakaitwa panguva imwe chete.
Paive nechirongwa chechimiro chaizogadzirwa mukuwedzera kune zviratidzo zvemukati, asi pakanga paine mubvunzo wekuita dome uye mugore ra1418.
Renaissance architecture inotanga kuburikidza netemberi iyi apo pakava nekukwira kwehupfumi muguta reFlorentine, saka Filippo Brunelleschi aiva mhizha yakabvuma dambudziko uye yakasarudza kutamira kuRoma nechinangwa chekutsvaga kugadzirisa dambudziko iri rekugadzirisa.
Roma raive guta rematongo echinyakare aionekwa uye aidyidzana nemasikirwo, saka Pantheon yaAgripa ndiyo yaive tsime rekukurudzira kumugadziri uyu.
Aya matongo ane dhayamita rakafanana nereSanta Maria del Fiori cathedral, iyo yaive nedome ine arch yakazara kumagumo, saka mugadziri Brunelleschi akatora zano uye akadzidza hukama hwechimiro, chiyero uye chimiro chakabatanidzwa mune nzvimbo.
Saka Brunelleschi ndiye anotungamira weRenaissance architecture uye kuburikidza nehunhu hwake anoita sarudzo kune isingazivikanwe yakatungamira kuvaka dome.
Kubva pachimiro chechimiro mukufamba kutsva uku kuburikidza nedome hombe ine dhayamita yemamita makumi mana nemaviri inoguma nerambi.
Iri dome rakagadzirwa kubva kumhando yehunyanzvi, iri Renaissance architecture, ichiita yekutanga octagonal dhiramu kugadzira dome, iri yekutanga munhoroondo yechirango chezvivakwa.
Inopa basa rerunako nenzira yakaomarara mukuwedzera kumubatanidzwa naMwari kujekesa dhizaini iyi nekuda kweiyo Renaissance architecture, kaviri dome set yaidiwa, iri imwe yemukati uye imwe yekunze.
Ose ari maviri akavakirwa pazvidhinha mune shinda modhi inofambira mberi mu spiral modhi ichiita kuti basa riwedzere kuomarara uye kubvumira kamuri yemhepo inoita kuti chivakwa chireruke, ichipa mufananidzo weshinda uye inopera nerambi kumagumo.
Kugona mutauro wehunyanzvi kuburikidza neQuattrocento
Nekuda kweiyi purojekiti yekutanga iyo Brunelleschi akaita, akapinda munhoroondo yehunyanzvi semutangiri weRenaissance architecture, achigadzira mutauro mutsva weiyi dhizaini yezvivakwa izvo zvechinyakare zvinhu chikamu cheiyi nzira itsva yezvivakwa.
Asi kurongeka kwemutauro mutsva uyu kuripo apo chinyorwa chaSebastiano Serlio chakaburitswa muzana ramakore regumi nematanhatu, ari mugadziri anovhura paradigm yeRenaissance architecture Donato Bramante.
Ruzivo rwezvivakwa zveRoma yekare neGreece rinotanga senzira dzekupa zvigadziriso munzvimbo kuburikidza nemutauro mutsva uye matekiniki anoshandiswa muRenaissance architecture yekuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa zvayo.
Vamwe vagadziri vezvivakwa vanomira pachena panguva ino yenhoroondo ndiMichelozzo, aitungamira Medici Riccardi Palace muna 1444, naBernardo Rossellino, akavaka Rucellai Palace pakati pa1446 na1451 mudhizaini yakambogadzirwa naAlberti.
Donato Bramante uye chikamu chakakura cheRenaissance architecture
Kuburikidza nemugadziri uyu Donato Bramante anomiririra ndima kubva pachikamu cheQuattrocento kuenda kune inonzi Cinquecento chikamu chinoratidzwa mukuvakwa kwemachechi pamwe nedzimba dzemadzimambo.
Zvakanaka, aiziva mutauro wekare muRenaissance architecture uye ainzwisisa hunhu hwakapoteredza mhepo yenguva achigadzira mabasa asina kudhindwa aikonzera mhirizhonga.
Pakati pavo, Tempietto inotaurwa mumutauro weItaly uye muchiSpanish inozivikanwa seTemberi de San Pedro muMontorio iri muguta reRoma rakavakwa pakati pe1502 ne1510 yakafanana netembere yeGreek yeVesta.
Tembere iyi imhando diki yebasa guru redhome reSan Pedro iro rinofukidza 42,4 metres yakafanana neyePantheon yemamita 43,44 pamwe neiyo yeSanta Sofía Cathedral yakagadzirwa naBrunelleschi muguta reFlorence remakumi mana nerimwe. mamita.
Zvino, munguva yeBaroque, muvaki wechiRungu anonzi Christopher Wren anooneka akaita pfupiso yemabasa aMichelangelo naBramante achigadzira kadhedhi itsva yeSaint Paul muLondon ine chiyero chemamita makumi matatu nemaviri mugore ra32.
Zvakare munguva yeNeoclassical iri mumaoko evagadziri Francesco Sabatini naFrancisco Cabezas avo vakagadzira San Francisco el Grande cathedral muguta reMadrid pakati pe1760 ne1784 iyo miyero yedome inotangira pamamita makumi matatu nematatu.
Naizvozvo, iro simba guru reRenaissance architecture uye runako rwayo rwekugadzirisa mune dzimwe nguva mushure mekuratidzwa kwayo.
Donato Bramante akagadzira kuvandudzwa kwemhando yemhando yakadai seyekukunda arches yebudiriro yeRoma uye kuishandisa mukuumbwa kwezvivakwa zvematemberi echitendero nemizinda yaive pfungwa yekugadzira mukuvaka kwevagari.
Iwo matatu emavhuvhu akashongedzwa anomira pachena mukuvakwa kweRenaissance uko maviri ari padanho rakafanana rehurefu uye imwe iri pakati pakakwirira, iyo inozivikanwa nezwi rekuti kurongeka plus arch uko kurongeka kwechinyakare kunobatanidzwa ne semicircular arch.
Nechikonzero ichi, muRenaissance architecture akashandisa masisitimu maviri ekurongeka pamwe nearch yezviyero zvakasiyana achitevera formula inotevera:
"... the extrados of the arch of the system ine dikidiki dimension yaive tangent kune yakaderera kuumbwa kwe entablature yehombe huru..."
Naizvozvo, kushandiswa kweiyo classics nenzira isati yamboitika muRenaissance architecture kuburikidza nemhinduro yenzvimbo yekuvakwa kwemizinda mikuru uye macathedrals anobatanidza zvinhu zvakaita semavhairi.
Pamusoro pemadome ayo ari zvisikwa zvitsva uye anomira pachena munguva ino kubatanidzwa kwemirairo yakadai seKorinde neIonic izvo zvaive zvakajairwa nemagariro ekare.
MuCinquecento kukunda kwe classicism
Izvo zvakakosha kuti iwe uzive kuti muRenaissance architecture mutauro wekuvaka wakagadziridzwa uchibvumira zvisikwa zvitsva nevagadziri venguva ino yaizozivikanwa seBaroque iyo yakawana vateveri vazhinji muzana ramakore regumi nematanhatu.
Iri panguva ino apo kurongeka kweruzivo rwechinyakare canons kunoitwa, ivo vainyatsozivikanwa nekuda kwezvinyorwa zveSebastiano Serlio kana Jacopo Vignola, vakatanga kubva pakuitwa kwechinyakare kwekuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa zvavo.
Mitemo yechinyakare inoiswa muzvivakwa zvakakura zveveruzhinji senge mizinda mikuru uye temberi dzechitendero dzinozivikanwa semabasa epamusoro muRenaissance architecture achigadzira misanganiswa mitsva, mutsigiri mukuru wezvinhu izvi ari mugadziri Andrea Palladio.
Ndiani aitarisira kuita nzira nyowani yekushandisa mutauro wekare muRenaissance architecture, iyo inoratidzwa mune zvaakasika inozivikanwa seVillas.
Aive munharaunda yemaguta eItaly achinyanya kusarudzika achigadzira chimiro chitsva chinozivikanwa nezita rekuti Palladianism.
Ichi chimiro muRenaissance architecture chinoratidzwa nekushandiswa pauriri hwepakati muzvivakwa zvekugara zvine shongedzo yepamusoro kugadzira chinyorwa chayo chine chekuita neyechinyakare dhizaini apo yakasimudza kufunga kwayo uye maonero ekudzidza.
The Mannerist movement uye kupera kweRenaissance architecture
Imwe sangano rehunyanzvi rinobva kuRenaissance architecture rinozivikanwa nezita rekuti Mannerism uye raive chikamu cheCinquecento phase.
Iyo yakatanga mumakumi ekutanga ezana ramakore regumi nematanhatu inoramba ichikura mukondinendi yese yeEurope kusvika muzana ramakore regumi nemanomwe apo vagadziri vezviono zvehunhu uye vaive neanopokana-classical chiratidzo.
Saka muhunhu muRenaissance architecture inotarisana nemafungiro echinyakare ari kubuda ega ega ega anogadzira hukama pakati pekufamba kweRenaissance neBaroque.
Mabasa akanakisa aMichelangelo ndiwo magumo uye kukunda kwechinyakare muchikamu chekukura cheRenaissance architecture apo Donato Bramante anomira pachena achiisa mabasa ake seakare.
Sezvinogona kuonekwa muCathedral yeSan Pedro uyewo muFarnese Palace, ipapo sangano reMannerist rinocherechedzwa muMasitepisi anozivikanwa zvikuru eLaurentian Library.
Naizvozvo, pakati pezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, vagadziri vezvivakwa vakapokana nemakanoni echinyakare, vatsigiri vakuru vesangano iri vari Andrea Palladio.
Pamusoro peiyo nucleus yeVenetian, yakadai saGiulio Romano, akagadzira Tea Palace muguta reMantua muna 1534, pane Bartolomeo Ammannati, aitungamirira kuvandudza Pitti Palace pakati pe1558 ne1570.
Pamusoro pazvo pane Antonio Sangallo Mudiki akaita Villa Farnese muguta reCaprarola mugore ra1559. Kune zvakare Vasari aitungamira kugadzira Uffizi Gallery muguta reFlorence pakati pemakore 1560 na1581.
Jacopo Vignola ndiye aiona nezvekugadzira Chechi yeGesu mugore ra1568 muguta reRome, achizova muzinda wemuenzaniso wekuvakwa kwemamwe temberi dzevaJesuit dzekambani huru iyi inozivikanwa seSosaiti yaJesu.
Iyo facade yeiyi temberi huru yakagadzirwa naGiacomo della Porta muna 1578, iyo yakakurudzira mamwe maartist akadai saCarlo Maderno, saka mabasa eava maartist anoreva kuitiswa kwezvikamu zvechinyakare nenzira yakasununguka.
Kugadzira mapatani kana zvirongwa zvekushongedza mukati mezvivakwa zvichireva mahwindo anofanirwa kunge ari kunze, achigadzira mhedzisiro yekuona illusion nekuda kwemaonero uye kushandiswa kwemavhoriyamu ezviyero zvakashandiswa nenzira isina kujairika.
Iyo yakatorwawo kune yakanyanyisa pfungwa mukuvakwa kweRenaissance sezvinogona kuratidzwa muGardens yeVilla de las Maravillas iyo parizvino inozivikanwa seParco dei Mostri mumutauro weItaly.
Mumutauro weSpanish inoshandurwa seBosco Sacro de Bomarzo muguta reLazio, musiki wayo ari muvaki Pirro Ligorio aive nyanzvi mukugadzira gadheni.
Naizvozvo, nekuongorora muMannerist zvivakwa muRenaissance architecture, inogadzira mhodzi yenguva yeBaroque movement ichazvarwa, zvichigadzira kuputika kwechinyakare chakanakisa chakatoziviswa mubato rinozivikanwa seMannerism.
Kuwedzera kweRenaissance architecture muEuropean kondinendi
Izvo zvakakosha kuti ndikuudze kuti zvivakwa zveRenaissance hazvina kudzinga kufamba kweGothic kwaiitika kune mamwe marudzi eEuropean kondinendi kusvika pakati pezana ramakore rechi XNUMX.
Nekuda kwekudyidzana kwenyika dzepasirese munzvimbo dzehupfumi, mauto nezvematongerwo enyika kuburikidza nenzendo dzevanyori sezvo vaidiwa nematare akasiyana emadzimambo aigara nyika dzeEurope.
Saizvozvowo, kuparadzirwa kwemagwaro akasiyana-siyana nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwemuchina wokudhinda nekunyora, zvichibvumira kuchinjana kwemashoko pakati pemarudzi akasiyana ane simba emuEurope.
Saizvozvovo, pfungwa dzinopesana nedzechinyakare dzakabuda mubato reMannerism dzakatorwa, izvo pachinzvimbo chekumiririra chikamu chekupedzisira cheRenaissance architecture chimiro chitsva chinopokana nacho, chinoratidza kuravira kweItaly kune dzimwe nyika.
Naizvozvo, zvinyorwa zvechinyakare zvakatogadzirwa uye vagadziri vekuItaly vaiziva mitemo yekuumbwa kwechinyakare, kugadzira marezinesi mumunda wekugadzira.
Kuve chivakwa cheRenaissance eclecticism yekuvandudza mune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope uko vakapona vezera repakati uye zvimwe zvinhu zvepashure peRenaissance zvaive zvichiri kucherechedzwa.
Izvo zvinosiyana murudzi rumwe norumwe maererano nerunziro rweItaly yeRenaissance architecture yaisanganisira zvinhu zvitsva kune mamiriro enyika yega yega zvichienderana nechigaro chenhoroondo.
Pesvedzero yeRenaissance architecture murudzi rweFrance
Sekureva kwerudzi rweFrance, dhizaini yeRenaissance inodaidzwa maererano nenhoroondo yezvigadzirwa zvezvivakwa pakutanga kweNguva Yemazuvano mune yaizivikanwa panguva iyoyo seFrance, kusanganisira Flanders, Alsace, Lorraine, Savoy, Franche-Comté, Cerdanya. , Provence uye Brittany.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHN1UhoW0bg
Renaissance architecture muFrance ndiyo nguva iyo Gothic architecture inotsiviwa, iyo yakazvarwa munyika ino muzana ramakore rechigumi nembiri mushure mekupinzwa kunze uye kugadziridzwa kweItalian Renaissance modhi.
Naizvozvo, zvakabuda muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX hafu yezana gare gare kupfuura murudzi rweItaly. Zvakakoshawo kusimbisa kuti zvivakwa zveRenaissance zvakasvika gare gare mune mamwe matunhu eFrance.
Sezvazviri muLoire Valley neIle de France iyo yakaenderera mberi kusvika muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX iyo yakatsiviwa neboka rebaroque kana rinonziwo French classicism.
Pakati pevaratidziri vakuru vekuvakwa kweRenaissance vaive vehumambo, pakati pavo tinogona kutaura Mambo Carlos VIII akatonga pakati pe1483 ne1498.
Louis XII pakati pa1498 na1515 pamwe naFrancisco I akatonga pakati pa1515 na1547, aitungamira kudaidza vagadziri vezvivakwa vakawanda uye maartist ekubva kuItaly avo panguva yekutonga kwake vaikoshesa maitiro eRenaissance.
Kushandura rudzi rweFrance muchimiro chine simba nekushongedza misha yavo yehumambo pakati pavo tinogona kutaura nezve Château de Montsoreau pakati pemakore 1453 na1461, iyo Château de Langeais pakati pemakore 1465 na1469.
Tinogona zvakare kutaura kuti yeAmboise pakati pemakore 1495 na1498, Chambord ndeimwe yemizinda yakavakwa kubva pagore 1519 imwezve Fontainebleau mugore ra1532 zvakare muguta guru reParis Fortress yeLouvre mugore ra1527. .
Mambo Francis I akaroora Claude wekuFrance muimba yekunamatira inozivikanwa seChateau de Saint Germain en Laye muna Chivabvu 1514, chivakwa ichi chiri nzvimbo yaanofarira yekugara mugore ra1539, akaraira mugadziri Pierre Chambiges kuti avakezve chivakwa ichi.
Naizvozvo, zvivakwa zveRenaissance zvakaramba zvichibudirira murudzi rweFrance mukati mekutonga kwaMambo Henry II mukati memakore 1547 na1559, ipapo mune iya yaMambo Henry III pakati pemakore 1574 na1589.
Apo basa guru rakaitwa naCatherine de Médici pakati pa1519 na1589, akanga ari mambokadzi waMambo Henry II pakati pa1547 na1559, risingakanganwiki.
Gare gare akave regent pakati pe1560 na1563 apo mwanakomana wake Carlos IX akakura, akatonga pakati pe1560 na1574.
Ipapo samambokadzi amai vaHenry III kutozosvikira parufu rwake muna 1584, simba rake rakanga riri guru muzviito zvezvamatongerwe enyika nounyanzvi.
Inguva yakaratidzwa nehondo dzechitendero pakati pemakore 1562 na1598 izvo zvakapa kunyungudika kwekuvaka kweRenaissance murudzi rweFrance.
Pasinei zvapo naikoku, vakabvumira kufambira mberi kwokufungisisa kwoungwaru pamwe chete neparadziro yorudzidziso neyezvamatongerwe enyika. Kutanga muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, umambo hweFrance hwakanga hwarwa hondo neItaly yokuchamhembe.
Kuunza kurudzi rweFrance hupfumi hwehunyanzvi uye stylistic mazano ari eRenaissance architecture, iri humbowo hweizvi zvivakwa zvitsva zvedzimba dzekugara muLoire Valley uye Ile de France.
Kuve mumwe wemienzaniso yekare yeRenaissance architecture ndiyo nhare yeMontsoreau mugore ra1461 ichiteverwa nenhare yeAmboise mugore ra1495.
Ndiyo yekutanga muzinda weItaly-inopesvedzerwa murudzi rweFrance uko muimbi mukuru Leonardo Da Vinci akapedza makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake semuenzi wamambo.
Imwe yemizinda yaive Gaillon, yakavakwa pakati pemakore 1502 kusvika 1509. Unogonawo kutaura Chenonceau, iyo yakavakwa pakati pemakore 1513 kusvika 1521. Kune zvakare Azay le Rideau, iyo yakavakwa pakati pemakore 1518 kusvika 1523.
Tinogona kutotaura nezve Villandry iyo yakavakwa pakati pemakore 1532 kusvika 1536, nhare yeAncy yakavakwa pakati pemakore 1544 kusvika 15550 imwe yedzimba dzeumambo iri Ecouen yakavakwa pakati pemakore 1538 kusvika 1555 pasina kukanganwa nhare yeAnet pakati pemakore. 1547 kusvika 1555.
Iyi Loire Valley inoratidza huwandu hukuru hwemizinda uye dzimba dzine zvimiro zveRenaissance zvivakwa zvinozivikanwa seLoire castles.
Ndivo zvivakwa zvakatanhamara zveFrench Renaissance, zvichibvumira UNESCO muna 2000 kuvazivisa iyo World Heritage Site muLoire Valley.
Pakati pevagadziri vakatanhamara veRenaissance architecture murudzi rweFrance tinogona kutaura Giovanni Giocondo pakati pa1496 na1508, ipapo Domenico da Cortona pakati pa1495 na1549.
Pakati pemakore 1532 kusvika 1570 tinogona kuona mabasa akaitwa naFrancesco Primaticcio. Mumwe mugadziri ane mukurumbira mukuru aive Giacomo Vignola pakati pemakore 1541 kusvika 1543 uye kunyangwe Sebastiano Serlio akaita zvivakwa pakati pemakore 1541 kusvika 1554.
Nekuda kweiyi pesvedzero yeItaly pakuvaka kweFrench Renaissance, vagadziri verudzi urwu vaidzidza mazano matsva.
Kuzivikanwa munyika yake munguva yezana remakore rechigumi nematanhatu vagadziri Philibert Delorme pakati pemakore 1510 kusvika 1570. Tinogonawo kutaura Jacques Androuet du Cerceau pakati pemakore 1510 kusvika 1584 uyo aizivikanwa munyika nokuda kwezvinyorwa zvake zvakanakisa muzvivako.
Tinogona zvakare kutaura Pierre Lescot pakati pemakore 1515 kusvika 1578 ari kutarisira kuvaka iyo yemukati facade yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero bapiro reCour Carrée muParisian Louvre naJean Bullant pakati pemakore 1515 kusvika 1578, iyo French Renaissance architecture yakakamurwa kuita ina. zvikamu kana nguva zviri zvinotevera:
- Louis XII chimiro chakaitwa pakati pemakore 1495 kusvika 1530 apo shanduko yakaitwa pakati peboka reGothic kuenda kuRenaissance.
- Kutanga Renaissance pakati pemakore 1515 kusvika 1540
- Renaissance yechipiri kana inozivikanwawo seClassical Renaissance pakati pemakore 1540 kusvika 1559.
- Mannerism pakati pemakore 1559 kusvika 1564 pakutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti nguva idzi dzeFrance Renaissance architecture dzine hukama nenyika yeItaly, uye mune dzimwe nyika dzinoumba kondinendi yeEurope, dzakanonoka, saka hadzigone kusimuka munzvimbo dzese panguva imwe chete.
Pamusoro pezvo, chivakwa cheRenaissance murudzi rweFrance chinoshandisa humwe hunyanzvi kushongedza senge fenicha mukutonga kwakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nemataera emadzimambo aitungamira akadai saFrancisco I, Enrique II, Enrique IV pakati pevamwe. Saka iwe unogona kuona iyo Yepamusoro uye Yakaderera Renaissance.
Spain uye Renaissance Architecture
Munyika yeSpain, matanho akati wandei anocherechedzwa zvakajeka nezve Renaissance architecture, ari anotevera:
Plateresque First Stage
Renaissance architecture muSpain yakapinda kuburikidza nemafomu eiyo Gothic movement mumakumi emakore ekupedzisira ezana ramakore regumi neshanu, ichigadzira kukosha kukuru kuvonga kune vavaki vaidyidzana netsika yeSpanish-Flemish.
Mabviro emhuri evagadziri vezvivakwa aya akabva kuchamhembe kweEuropean kondinendi kuwedzera kune pesvedzero yezvematongerwo enyika yekuItaly yaive muCrown yeAragon kubva muzana ramakore regumi nematatu, saka yakaenderera mberi muCastile kuburikidza nemuchato wemadzimambo eKatorike.
Naizvozvo, iyo Renaissance architecture yakaratidza hunhu hwayo apo pesvedzero yeMudéjar inoonekwa mukuwedzera kune Flamboyant Gothic.
Pamusoro pesimba reItaly, ndicho chikonzero zita rayo replateresque raive eclectic, nekuda kweakashongedzwa facades muzvivakwa zvaro izvo zvaiyeuchidza basa rakaoma uye rakadzama kwazvo remhizha dzinozivikanwa se silversmiths.
Purism Chechipiri Danho
Mushure meiyi nhanho yekutanga yeRenaissance architecture, zvinoonekwa kuti kufamba kweGothic kuri kudzikira, kusvika kune yakachena uye yeorthodox maitiro apo kuomarara kunoitwa mukushongedza kwezvivakwa.
Saka ine basa rekushongedza kuburikidza nechaizvo zvinhu zvakafemerwa nemagariro ekare seGreek neRoman.
Kune izvo zvinoonekwa zvivakwa zvine serene uye zvakadzikama facades, zvichiita kuti vamwe vavaki vanozodzokorora mabasa avo ekuvaka kubva kunzvimbo yekupedzisira yeGothic kuti vatange mune ino nhanho nyowani yeRenaissance architecture.
Pakati pevagadziri vezvivakwa vanomira padanho iri ndiAlonso de Covarrubias, Pedro Ibarra pamwe naRodrigo Gil de Hontañón, riri guta reAndalusia iro rine hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza.
Vamwe vagadziri vezvivakwa vakamira pano, vakadai saDiego de Siloé, aive musiki wematemberi maviri echitendero seSacra Capilla del Salvador muÚbeda neGranada Cathedral.
Kunewo Pedro Machuca, uyo akanga ari wekare zvikuru, achivaka Alhambra muGranada uye Palace yaCarlos V. Mumwe wevakagadziri ndiAndrés de Vandelvira, uyo aitarisira kugadzira macathedrals eJaén neBaeza.
Pasina kukanganwa Diego de Riaño akavaka basa rehurumende rinozivikanwa seCity Hall yeSeville. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti iyi nhanho yechipiri inozivikanwawo seSerlian Phase.
Kutenda kune zvinyorwa zveSebastiano Serlio nekuda kwezvaakasimudzira mumabhuku ake ekuvaka pakati pemakanoni eRenaissance architecture, pakati pavo Diego de Sagredo anogona kutaurwa mukuvaka kwake Matanho eRoma mugore re1526.
Herrerian Chechitatu Danho
Pakati pezana remakore rechiXNUMX, kuvakwa kwebasa rekuvaka rakadai seMonastery yeSan Lorenzo de El Escorial yakatanga, iyo yaiva chiratidzo chaimiririra simba raMambo Felipe II.
Iyo yakagadzirwa nemugadziri Juan Bautista de Toledo akafa muna 1517 saka Juan Herrera anoenderera mberi nebasa.
Kuburikidza nechimiro chitsva apo zvinhu zvinovaka zveRenaissance architecture inotungamira nekushaikwa kwekushongedza, mitsetse yakatwasuka inocherechedzwa uye vhoriyamu inoshandiswa iri kuburikidza nemacubes uko Mannerist mafambiro erudzi rweItaly anokunda mukudzikama kunomiririra Castile.
Naizvozvo, chimiro chitsva ichi chinozivikanwa nezita rekuti Herreriano mukukudza mugadziri Juan de Herrera, aive pesvedzero yakaratidza danho iri muSpanish Renaissance architecture.
Kwemakore angangoita zana, zviratidziro zvesangano iri vaive vanotevera vagadziri: Francisco de Mora, Juan Gómez de Trasmonte naJuan Gómez de Mora.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti Spanish Renaissance architecture inotamisirwa kunyika itsva nhasi inozivikanwa seAmerican continent.
Kwaakawana nzvimbo yakafara yekuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvake kweanenge mazana matatu emakore, akazogamuchira Baroque neNeoclassical mafambiro.
Portugal uye Renaissance Architecture
Renaissance architecture munyika ye > Portugal inoratidzwa kuburikidza ne Manueline style asi mukunakisa kwayo inoshandisa Renaissance uye yanonoka Gothic zvinhu zvakafanana nekutanga Spanish nhanho inozivikanwa seElizabethan Plateresque.
Icho chiri kure kubva kune classicism, chimwe chezvishongedzo chinowanzo shandiswa munyika ino tambo yakamonyoroka yechikepe, inomiririra maitiro evafambisi vengarava vechiPutukezi.
Panguva yezvakaitika kare zveKuwanikwa kwenyika itsva muNyika Itsva, zvichibvumira kuwedzera mune zvematongerwo enyika, zvehupfumi uye zvemagariro evanhu, kushandura rudzi urwu kuva simba renyika.
Pakati pezvivakwa zvatinogona kudoma murudzi urwu zviri zveRenaissance architecture macathedrals eLeiria kuwedzera kuPortalegre, tinogona zvakare kutaura nezveJesuit College yeÉvora uye temberi yechitendero yeSan Roque iri muLisbon.
Germany uye Renaissance architecture
Mune izvo zvinoenderana nenyika yeGerman maererano nekuvakwa kweRenaissance kune vazivi vakati wandei pamwe nevanyori vakaita saAlberto Durero naJohannes Reuchlin vakawana mukana wekutamira kuItari.
Saka mune yakasarudzika mavakirwo eRenaissance yenyika ino inhare yeHeidelberg pamwe nenhare yeJohannisburg muguta reAschaffenburg pasina kukanganwa Augsburg City Hall.
Kunyangwe mumwedzi waChikunguru wegore ra1567, kanzuru yeguta reColony yaitarisira kubvumidza mumiriri mutsva wepurojekiti yeRenaissance architecture iyo yakaitwa nemugadziri wezvivakwa Wilhelm Vernukken kuImba yeGuta uko kune chivakwa chine nhurikidzwa mbiri. yakavakwa.
Imwe yezviratidziro zveiyi sangano rehunyanzvi ichechi yeSan Miguel iri muMunich, iri kereke inofananidzira chivakwa chikuru cheRenaissance kuchamhembe kweAlps.
Chechi iyi yakavakwa naDuke William V wekuBavaria pakati pa1583 na1597 uye yaimiririra muzinda wezvemweya weCounter-Reformation. asingazivikanwi.
Eastern Europe uye pesvedzero yeRenaissance architecture
Kureba kwenyika idzi kubva kurudzi rweItaly kwaireva kuti zvivakwa zveRenaissance zvinogona kudzikiswa, kunyangwe mienzaniso yakakosha yeRenaissance inogona kuoneka muzvivakwa zvavo netsika dzemavakirwo enzvimbo, senge muHungary.
Ikoko Mambo weHungary Matthias Corvino aitarisira kuhaya vavezi uye vavaki vekubva kuItaly kuti vavake dzimba dzechiItaly pakati pezana ramakore rechi XNUMX.
Pakati pavo, panogona kutaurwa nezvaAristotle Fioravanti akatama kubva kuHungary kuenda kuMoscow kunovaka Cathedral of the Dormition pakati pa1475 na1479 muguta reKremlin.
MuHungary, pasi pekutonga kwaLouis II, Bakócz Chapel yeEsztergom Cathedral yakavakwa, uko kushongedza kwezvivakwa zveRenaissance kunoonekwa.
Kunyangwe mabasa ekuvaka anomiririra Renaissance anowanikwa muPoland, seWawel castle.
Kune zvakare Sigismund Chapel muKrakow uyewo mumaguta eZamosc neTarnów ari muLithuania makavakwa Royal Palace pamwe chete netemberi dzechitendero dzeSan Miguel neSan Esteban de Vilna.
MuCzech Republic muguta reTelc ndiyo muzinda wezhizha waMambokadzi Anne muBelvedere pamwe nenhare yePrague pamwe nenhare yeCeský mienzaniso yezvivakwa zveRenaissance.
England uye Renaissance architecture
Nezverudzi rwechiRungu, zvakatora nguva kutungamirwa neRenaissance architecture sezvazvakaitika kune dzimwe nyika mukupera kwezana ramakore regumi neshanu.
Munguva yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, chimiro chitsva chaizivikanwa seTudor chakatangwa, icho chaive chiwedzeredzo chehunyanzvi hweGothic chine hunhu hwakafanana nerudzi rweChirungu.
Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX uye kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, zvivakwa zveElizabethan zvakavhurika kune zvekunze zvinofurira, kusanganisira dhizaini yeItalian Renaissance uye dhizaini yeDutch.
Asi muzana remakore rechi1573, zvaive zvichibvira kumanikidzira tsika dzekare dzeRenaissance architecture zvichienderana nebasa rakaitwa naIñigo Jones pakati pe1652 neXNUMX, akadzidza muItaly uye akafurirwa naAndrea Palladio.
Pakudzokera kurudzi rweChirungu, Jones akapihwa basa rekugadzira zvivakwa zvakaita seQueen's House muGreenwich muna 1616 pamwe neBanquet House yePalace yeWhitehall muna 1619.
Zvinova zvivakwa zvine mitsetse yakapfava pamwe nekuenzana icho chaive chinhu chitsva munyika umo mahwindo akatsemuka akange asati aitwa mukuwedzera kune cushioning uye turrets.
Nezve Hatfield House, chivakwa icho wekutanga Earl weSalisbury, Robert Cecil, akatumwa pakati pe1607 na1611, ari mumiriri mukuru weiyo Tudor maitiro akananga Renaissance architecture.
Ichi chivakwa chinosanganisa chimiro cheTudor nemahwindo uko mullion uye denga rakapetwa rinogona kuoneka, pamwe nemapapiro maviri akashongedzwa nemafacade edzimba dzeItaly.
Kana iri yepakati façade, yakagadzirwa naIñigo Jones, yaive nemaitiro eJacobean uye masitepisi akavezwa anoratidza chivakwa cheItalian Renaissance pamusoro pekushongedza kweChirungu.
Kunyangwe zvivakwa zvaJones zvakange zvatoumbwa mune zvechinyakare zvebato reBaroque uye zvinomiririrwa nevatenzi vakaita saChristopher Wren mukuvakwa kweSaint Paul's Cathedral muLondon.
Asi zvivako zvakawanda zvinofanira kunge zvakavakwa mushure memoto mukuru muguta reLondon muna 1666, uri mukana mukuru wevagadziri vekuvaka kuvaka pazvikero zvitsva zvisati zvambofungidzirwa muguta rino.
Mugadziri weVenetian Giacomo Leoni akashanda pakugadzirisa zvivakwa kune nharaunda yeChirungu uye kuravira, kunyangwe pesvedzero yeItalian Renaissance architecture inoonekwa muzvivakwa zvakaita seLyme Hall muCheshire.
Pesvedzero yeItalian Renaissance architecture yakapindawo muchikamu cheChirungu nekuda kwezvidzidzo zvaAndrea Palladio kusvika kupinda kweNeoclassicism muzana ramakore reXNUMX, iyo neo-Renaissance inocherechedzwa mune zvinoreva nyika yeAnglo-Saxon uye nekudaro kuNorth America. .
Russia uye pesvedzero yeRenaissance architecture
Kana ari Renaissance architecture muRussia, ndiye Muchinda Ivan III anosuma sangano iri reunyanzvi sezvo akakoka vagadziri vezvivakwa veItaly vakati wandei vakaunza hunyanzvi hwavo hwekuvandudza nezvinhu zveRenaissance asi dzakabatanidzwa neRussia zvivakwa.
Kwegore ra1475 mugadziri wezvivakwa wekuItaly anonzi Aristotle Fioravanti ndiye aitungamira kugadzirazve Cathedral yeDormition iri muMoscow Kremlin iyo yakaparadzwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika.
Architecture Shanduko
Renaissance architecture haizi kopi yemagariro ekare echiGreeco-Roman asi kuvandudzwa kwetsika dzechinyakare kuburikidza nemhando nyowani dzekushongedza munzvimbo yakatenderedza chivakwa chichavakwa.
Murume anotarisira zvivakwa zveRenaissance haasi muvezi kana muvezi ari nyore, munhu ane dzidziso yedzidziso kubva kune mamwe maitiro ehunyanzvi, sezvo ari iye anotarisira kudhirowa nekugadzira zvirongwa kuitira kuti vamwe vatevedzere zvinoratidzwa.
Kune izvo mupiro weRenaissance architecture ndeye aesthetic order, chitambi chehunhu hwake chinoiswa pabasa rake padanho rekutanga kuburikidza nekududzirwa kwekuwirirana, kureruka uye kunaka kwechinyakare tsika nepo muchikamu chechipiri chiri kutarisa. monumental effects.
Iwo makuru ekugadzira enguva yeRenaissance
Ava vagadziri vatinozopa kwauri muchikamu chechinyorwa ichi vaive vanhu vakaisa mwero mukuvakwa kweRenaissance nekuda kweruzivo rwavo runoshamisa mukuvaka, zvichibvumira kuwedzera kwekufamba uku kumarudzi akasiyana muEurope. Kuva zvinotevera:
Flippo Brunelleschi
Akatanga iyo pfungwa yekutanga yeRenaissance architecture kuburikidza nekufemerwa kwechinyakare budiriro seGreek neRoman, achibatanidza iyi fusion yezvinhu muzvivakwa zvake nenzira yaimbozivikanwa muEurope.
Pakati pemabasa makuru emunhu uyu tinogona kutaura nezveCathedral yeSanta Maria del Fiore kwaakagadzira iyo yekutanga dome, iyo Pazzi Chapel uye sebasa rehurumende Imba Yedzidzo.
Yakaratidza kufungidzira kwemugadziri wezvivakwa airatidza purojekiti yake yehungwaru pamwe chete nekuita kwezvinhu zvichashandiswa.
Leon Bautista Alberti
Ndiye mumwe wevamiriri vakuru veRenaissance architecture yeQuattrocento akadzidza uye akanyora. chirevo chezvivakwa kwaakataura nezvezvivakwa mukuwedzera nekushandisa mitemo inoshanda pakuitwa kwayo.
Izwi rekuti purojekiti rinobva paunhu uhwu, hunova hwaro hwebasa rehunyanzvi rinofanira kuitwa rakatakura chimiro chitsva ichi muguta reFlorence, nekuda kwesimba remhuri dzinotonga muguta, Rucellai Palace inogona kutaurwa.
Pamusoro peChechi yeSan Andrés iri muMantua uye Temberi yeMalatesta yekuve zita remhuri yakabhadhara basa rekuvaka, kunyangwe iri Cathedral yeSan Francisco de Rimini iri mumiriri weRenaissance architecture kubva pagore 1450. .
Nemhaka yezvinetso zvoupfumi, zvakanga zvisingabviri kupedza basa rakaitwa naAlberti, sezvo temberi yechitendero yakaguma ine denga guru raizopfuura Chechi yeSanta Maria del Fiore.
Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola
Kuburikidza neSosaiti yaJesu, mugadziri wemapurani Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola akaratidza kushanda kwake pakuvaka kweRenaissance nekuchengeta zviratidzo zveAlberti Treaty kune tsamba.
Kuwana musiyano weMannerist kuburikidza nekuvhenekerwa kwetembere nechiedza chakasefa chinobva kumachapel ekudivi, zvichibvumira kuputika kwechiedza nekuda kwekushandiswa kwedome.
Kana iri iyo facade, inogadzira pediment pasina kurasikirwa nechiyero kana kurongeka kunodzidziswa naAlberti, uko dhinamism yeRenaissance architecture inoonekwa.
Donato Bramante
Mumwe wevakanyanya kusimba evagadziri venguva ino, muvambi wenheyo dzekutanga dzeRenaissance architecture, aive nemukana wekusangana naLeonardo Da Vinci mumunhu, uyo akapesvedzera chiono chekugadzira chemugadziri mukuru uyu, sezvo yaive chiono cheRenaissance murume.
Sezvo akanga ane mativi mazhinji nemhaka yokuti akanga ari muvambi, muvezi, muvezi, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, mucherekedzi mukuru wounhu hwomunhu, naizvozvo muvaki wedu wepurani akashandisa ungwaru hwake kugadzira dzimba dzokunyika dzakaisvonaka pamwe chete nezvivakwa zvechinyakare asingaregeredzi zvisikwa zvake amene.
Chinonyanya kukosha chemunhu uyu iBasilica yeSaint Peter muguta reRome, iro richiri nhasi sekugadzwa kweVatican.
John weHerrera
Sezvo Vignola achizivikanwa neChechi yeEl Gesú, muvaki uyu anoyeukwa nekupindira kwake mumongi yeEl Escorial nezvimwe zvivakwa zvakakosha, seCathedral yeValladolid muna 1585.
Akatanga basa rake muEl Escorial Monastery muna 1563 pasi pemirairo yaJuan Bautista. Zvadaro kubva mugore ra1572 akanga achitungamirira kutungamirira kuvaka kusvikira kwapera mugore ra1584.
Ndiye mumwe wevagadziri vezvivakwa vakaratidza chiono chinoshanda pamwe nekugona kusanganisa nekududzira mazano akasiyana uye asina kujairika vachichengetedza kurongeka kweRenaissance architecture.
Ruzivo rwake rwakamubvumira kusimbisa pfungwa yekugadzira basa rakafanana neTembere yaSoromoni uye akamiririra Chechi yeKaturike yeSpain.
Akasimbisa iyo huru facade mukuwedzera pakuvaka chivharo chisina kumashure, achikwanisa kuvharira patio pamberi petemberi kuburikidza nejometri maumbirwo kubva kune yakapusa uye hermetic chiono.
Giulio Romano
Ndemumwe wevamiriri veLate Renaissance uye yakaitwa yekushongedza uye kunaka kwakasanganiswa nehusterity muRenaissance architecture.
Pamusoro peiyo classics yeRenaissance, akatyora neparadigms, achipfumisa zvivakwa nemifananidzo yemifananidzo uye zvivezwa mumunda wakafanana wekuvaka.
Naizvozvo, zvivakwa zvakaitwa naGiulio Romano zvinopihwa zvinhu zvekushongedza mukuwedzera kune mapendi, mumwe weanomiririra hunhu uyu ndiye Villa del Duque Mantua.
Michelangelo naLodovico Buonarroti simoni
Aive mumwe wevamiriri veRenaissance architecture kuchamhembe kweItaly uyo akaunza zvinhu zvakajairika zvekare mukuvaka kwake kwemukurumbira mukuru.Pakati pemabasa anomiririra uyu muvaki mukuru pane dome reSan Pedro, Capitol yeguta reRoma uye Guva ravarapi.
Multifaceted, akanga ari muvaki, muvezi, muvezi, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, akanga ari mumiririri mukuru weCinquecento, maitiro ake muRenaissance architecture.
Mabasa anomira pachena muRenaissance architecture
Pakati pemabasa akanyanya kumira panguva ino yenhoroondo yeRenaissance Art ndeaya anotevera nekuda kwehukuru hwavo uye zvinhu zvakabatanidzwa nevavaki vavo, zvichiratidza hungwaru hwavo hukuru uye hunyanzvi mukuvakwa kweRenaissance.
Old Saint Peter's Basilica Ichi chimwe chezvivakwa zvakakurumbira zveRenaissance.Vagadziri vakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira Michelangelo, vakashanda pakuvakwa uku.
Ndiyo temberi huru yeKatorike pasi rose uye iri muguta reRome. Fungidzira kukura kwayo paidiwa makore anosvika zana nemakumi maviri pakuvakwa kwayo, kubvira payakatanga muna 120 uye basa rekuvaka rakapedzwa muna 1506.
Chimwe chezvishamiso zvekuvaka Renaissance ndiyo Sistine Chapel basa rekuvaka iri raive chikamu chekugara zviri pamutemo kwaPope muVatican City.
Inozivikanwa munyika yose nokuda kwemifananidzo yakaisvonaka inowanikwa padenga retemberi iyo yakagadzirwa uye yakapendwa naMichelangelo pachake.
Temberi iyi yaimbozivikanwa seCapilla Magna asi muna 1475 Pope Sixtus IV akaraira kuti igadziriswe uye vakatanga kudaidza basa iri kuti Sistine Chapel.
Mukuwedzera kuna Michelangelo, mamwe maartist akashanda pabasa iri reRenaissance architecture, saSandro Botticelli, Pietro Perugino naDomenico Ghirlandaio.
Zvinonzi mumufananidzo wekusikwa kwaAdhamu zvakaitwa naMichelangelo, jasi rinopoteredza Mwari rinomiririrwa sesilhouette inotaura nezvehuropi hwevanhu, sezvo muenzi uyu ane mativi mazhinji aifarira chimiro chemunhu.
Iyo Pitti Palace iyo yakavakwa muna 1458 yemubhangi weFlorentine anonzi Luca Pitti akazove nzvimbo yekugara yeHumambo hweMedici Family, nekudaro kukosha kwayo kukuru uye zvivakwa zvakazowedzerwa kune iri basa rekuvaka.
Zvimwe chete naye Farnese Palace iyo yakavakwa munguva yePamusoro Renaissance muguta reRome uye inomiririra yeRenaissance architecture yaive yemhuri yeFarnese.
Rimwe remabasa makuru eRenaissance architecture ndiro Dump basa guru rezvivezwa rakaitwa muSpain pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX nekuraira kwaMambo weSpain, iyo inoumbwa neakarongedzerwa masikweya akaenzana, vazhinji vanofunga kuti chirongwa chebasa iri chakafanana neTembere yaSoromoni.
Imwe yeanonyanya kumiririra mabasa eRenaissance architecture atisingakundikane kutaura ndeye Pazz Chapeli inyanzvi nemuvaki Filippo Brunelleschi, kunyangwe isina kupera kusvika makore makumi maviri mushure mekutsakatika kwemunyori wayo.
Kuenderera mberi nemugadziri uyu wemuenzaniso tinogona kutaura nezve Basilica yeSan Lorenzo kuti kubva pafacade yayo yekunze haina kunakidza zvachose nekuti yakasiiwa isina kupera uye yaive mumaoko aMichelangelo.
Zvakaitwa naBrunelleschi pakati pezana remakore rechigumi neshanu uye mhuri yaitsigira nemari iyi yaiva Medici.
Iri ibasa rekuvaka kweRenaissance rakagadzirwa nenzira ine musoro uye inopindirana yakasikwa kune murume anoda kutanga kutaura naMwari.
Tinogonawo kudoma zita Basilica yeSan Andres muMantua yakagadzirwa naLeon Battista Alberti ichigadzira temberi hombe yechitendero inoumbwa neave imwe chete ine nzvimbo yakapamhama ine mahombe epakati.
San Pietro muMontorio Iri muguta reRome, yakavakwa mukuremekedza Prince John, mwanakomana ega weManarch eKatorike, yakagadzirwa nemugadziri mukuru Donato Bramante, ari imwe yezvivakwa zveRenaissance architecture.
Inogadzira hutsva nekupa hurefu hukuru uye pakupedzisira kune hemispherical dome, iri kubudirira kukuru panguva iyoyo, saka usazeza kuongorora mifananidzo yayo.
Iyo Arch yeAlfonso V muCastel Nuovo muNaples Aive mambo weCrown of Aragon.Aizivikanwa nezita rekuti Magnanimous.Nhare iyi yaive dare rake kubva 1443.Nhasi ibasa rinoshanyirwa zvakanyanya nevashanyi.
Nhare iyi yaiva yeAnjou kubva kwawaigona kupinda mugungwa.Mambo Alfonso akarayira kuti ivakwe Arc de Triomphe hombe pedyo neshongwe mbiri huru.Aigara achida kuva mambo weItaly asi Segismundo Malatesta akamudzivisa mukukonana. izvo zvakaitika muPiombino.
Chechi yeMudzikinuri muVenice nderimwe remabasa makuru aAndrea Palladio apo hungwaru hwake hunocherechedzwa pakugadzira michinjikwa pamwe nemichinjikwa.
Kuve mumwe wevamiriri veRenaissance architecture, mune imwe yefacade inokwevera hupamhi hwechivako nepo mune imwe facade kureba, ese mafacade ane makoramu awo, akaumbwa nemadziro ekumashure.
Iine dome hombe mukuwedzera kune shongwe dzemabhero mune chimiro checylindrical, ichipa eclectic mhedzisiro kuchivakwa, ichiratidza tarisiro yayo yehunhu kunyangwe yakanamatira kune yekirasi chirongwa.
Iyo Renaissance Movement uye mipiro yayo kuNyika
Pamusoro pezvivakwa zveRenaissance, pakanga paine shanduko huru yekutenda kuRenaissance, kuve nhanho nyowani mukufunga kwehuzivi uye muFine Arts.
Paive nesangano iri rakafemerwa nekuwanikwazve kwebudiriro dzakare dzakaita sedzechiGiriki nechiRoma kubva muchiratidzo chehunhu chaipesana nechitendero cheOrthodox.
Panguva yekufamba uku zvinhu zvikuru zvakawanwa maererano nesainzi sedzidziso yeheliocentric inomiririrwa naNicolaus Copernicus apo Zuva raive pakati pePasirose uye Nyika yaitenderera zuva.
Nhasi dzidziso iyoyo yakajairika asi munguva yayo yakaunza kusawirirana nekereke yaitora vakaiwana sevanyengeri. Mukuwedzera, pakanga pane chimwe chigadzirwa chakabata vanhu vepamusoro-soro venzanga, Printing Press mugore ra1450 yakagadzirwa naJohannes Gutenberg.
Nechikonzero ichi, chiono chehunhu kubvira munhu aive nechipo chekufunga uye aigona, kuburikidza neRenaissance architecture, kufambisa kuvandudzwa kwetsika yemagariro ekare eGreeco-Roman.
Renaissance iri kufamba kwekuchinja pakati peNguva yeMedieval neNguva Yemazuvano, ichikanganisa nzvimbo dzese kuburikidza nekudzidza kutsva kwaimuka munzvimbo dzese.
Saka hunyanzvi hwakasanganiswa neRenaissance architecture pamwe nesainzi munguva yeRenaissance. Leonardo Da Vinci akapa ruzivo rwakakura maererano nechimiro chemuviri wemunhu, achikwanisa kuumbazve chimiro chemunhu nehungwaru hunoshamisa.
Kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwemasvomhu, zvaigoneka kuwana ruzivo rwaizobvumira zvivakwa zveRenaissance kuti zvisikwe, kugadzira zvivakwa zvinoshamisa pamwe chete nemadhomu ane hunhu hwekushongedza, zvichiratidza kurongeka pakati pekunaka uye kuenzana.
Saka vanofunga saCopernicus, Descartes naGalileo vakabvumira kufambira mberi kutsva mune zvenyeredzi uye masvomhu yaive hwaro hwekuvakisa kweRenaissance, vachiwana kusikwa kwemabasa makuru ekuvaka.
Kuburikidza nechiono chounhu chinoratidzirwa muRenaissance kuti vagari vemo vakakwanisa kudzidza kurava, kunyora uye kududzira kurava kwavakanga vave vachiita kubvira muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX.
Nekuda kwesangano iri rakabvumira kuwanikwazve kwemagariro ekare uye Bhaibheri raivewo chikamu chekushandurwa kutsva uku.
Eya, pakushandisa muchina wokudhinda, magwaro akadai seBhaibheri akakurisa, naizvozvo vanhu vazhinji vakakwanisa kuriverenga kekutanga munguva ino yenhau nokudaro vakaita dudziro dzavo, kuchiparira rudzidziso rwePurotesitendi mumaoko omumongi. Martin Luther anobva kuGermany.
Zvimwe chetezvo zvakanga zviri mupiro mumimhanzi nokuti zvaibvumira kudhinda zvibodzwa ndokuzviparadzira pasi rose somutauro wapasi rose.
Yakabvumira kuwanikwa kwemigwagwa mitsva yegungwa inobvumira kuwedzera kwekutengeserana uye kutengeserana kwecapitalist kunomuka mukuwedzera mukukunda kwenyika itsva America.
Zvido zvehupfumi zvakaunza shanduko muchikamu chechitendero, zvichibvumira chechi kuti isununguke kubva muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX panzira yekudzidza kuvaka ruzivo kuburikidza nesainzi.
Nheyo dzezvatinoziva nhasi sekutsvagisa kwesainzi dzakaiswa nekuda kwemipiro mumhando dzakasiyana dzeruzivo seyemuchadenga, mushonga, simbi, kubvumira kudzidza kuburikidza nemakanika.
Nhaka yeRenaissance Architecture
Ivo vanowana maonero uye pfungwa yekusingaperi pamwe nenzvimbo yekunyangarika iyo yakashandiswa sezvinhu zvekutanga kushanda panzvimbo inogona kudzorwa kuburikidza nekufunga.
Kunyangwe iyo dhizaini yaive chikamu chakakosha cheRenaissance architecture kugadzira madhizaini achipa akasiyana uye ega ega hunhu hwenyanzvi iyo isingachazivikanwe.
Naizvozvo, Renaissance architecture inokanganisa chimiro chepakati chekuvakwa kwezvivako kuti zviitwe kubva pakuona kwechokwadi, vamiririri vayo vakawanda vari Vignola, Brunelleschi, Alberti, Michelangelo Buonarotti, kusanganisira Leonardo Da Vinci.
Sechokwadi chinoda kuziva, uyu muimbi wekupedzisira aive polymath pamwe neakawanda, ari pakati pezvikamu zvake: muvendi, muzivi, muimbi, anatomist, mugadziri wezvivakwa, mugadziri wemaguta, sainzi, muvambi, botanist, munyori, muvezi, muzivi, injinjini, mudetembi uye wemaguta. planner.
Kunyange zvazvo asina kudzidza mavakirwo ezvivakwa senzira yedzidzo, akaita madhizaini nemifananidzo yetemberi dzechitendero mukuwedzera kumabasa ehurumende, achitopa mazano kune vamwe vagadziri vezvivakwa pamusoro pemagadzirirwo ezvirongwa zvemaguta maererano nokuronga kwavo nzvimbo yakakwana yebasa richavakwa.
Mhedziso
Kana zviri zvezvivakwa zveRenaissance, zvaive zvivakwa zvakatsanangurwa panguva iyo inoenderana neEuropean Renaissance iyo yaitarisira kuvhara kubva muzana ramakore regumi neshanu kusvika kuzana ramakore rechigumi nematanhatu.
Humwe hunhu hwayo kuputsika munhoroondo yezvivakwa nemaitiro ekuvaka ayo aimbomiririrwa seGothic yakafuridzirwa nemagariro echinyakare akadai seGreece neRoman.
Kuve imwe yemhando dzakanyanya kunaka dzeFine Arts, Renaissance architecture yakagadzira akati wandei munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekugadzira nechinangwa chekuvandudza maitiro matsva ekuvaka uye kuita zvinhu zvitsva zvisati zvazivikanwa kusvika zvino.
Izvo zvinobvumira kuwedzera mutauro wekuvaka uye kudzika ruzivo rwavo kuburikidza neiyo yakazara theorization mukuwedzera kune hutsva maitiro evanyanzvi vanoenda kubva mukusazivikanwa.
Kune imwe pfungwa itsva iri hunyanzvi, kutara kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwavo maitiro emunhu mumabasa avanoita, zvinounza kusimudzira uye kucherechedzwa munharaunda.
Naizvozvo, maartist aya aive nemativi mazhinji uye aive nemuono wakakwana kubva kuhumanism muRenaissance architecture yaitarisa nezvemabasa ehurumende pamwe nematemberi echitendero kwavakagadzira madhizaini nekuzvinyora ivo pachavo kuitira kuti vaite zvavakasika kuburikidza nezvibvumirano.
Naizvozvo, Renaissance architecture ine chiono chevanhu uye imwe yepfungwa dzayo huru ndeyekufambira mberi kwevanhu munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai sesainzi, zvemweya, zvemagariro, zvehupfumi uye zvematongerwo enyika, zvichiratidza chiono chitsva chenyika.
Nekuda kweizvi, zviri pachena kuti Renaissance architecture ine multidisciplinary sezvo inotarisa paruzivo uye chikonzero, saka hapana kupatsanurwa pakati peruzivo nehunyanzvi, kuunza munda wakaorera senge zvivakwa zvekuvaka.
Iyo classic inoratidzwa muRenaissance architecture isina neoclassical nekuti yakawana zvinyorwa zvaive zvisina kukwana uye zvaive zvemagariro ekare senge Vitruvius's chinyorwa uye akazopedzisa nehunyanzvi hwake hweAlberti.
Kubvumira kuverenga kutsva kweRenaissance dhizaini uye mashandisiro ayo mukufamba uku kutsva kuburikidza nekurongeka uye runako uchishandisa ruzivo kugadzira iyo domes uye arcades nekuda kwemasvomhu, zvinhu zvemutauro wekare zvekare zvakabatanidzwa.
Kana iwe wakawana chinyorwa ichi chinonakidza, ndinokukoka iwe kuti ushanyire anotevera malink: