Chitendero chechiHindu chinozivikanwa nokuda kwezvakasiyana zvakasiyana-siyana zvavamwari navamwarikadzi. Mumwe nemumwe wevamwari ava ane basa rake uye nhoroondo. Vamwari vakakurumbira vechiHindu ndiBrahma, Vishnu naShiva, asi kune vakawanda vanonamatwa nevateveri vekutenda uku.
Muchinyorwa chino tichataura pamusoro pevamwari vakasiyana vechiHindu, kutaura zvakadzama pamusoro pezvinhu zvitatu zvikuru. Chinangwa chedu ndechekupa kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwevamwari veHinduism uye kuti vanoita basa rakakosha sei muchitendero netsika dzeIndia. Kuburikidza nerugwaro urwu tinotarisira kubatsira vaverengi kunzwisisa kupfuma nekusiyana kwechitendero chechiHindu uye kunzwisisa zviri nani basa racho muhupenyu hwevatendi varo.
Rudzii rworudzidziso rudzidziso rwechiHindu?
Tisati tataura pamusoro pavamwari vechiHindu, ngatitangei kukurukura kuti chiHindu chinorevei. Chitendero chechiHindu, chinonziwo Sanātana Dharma kana "nzira isingaperi" Ndicho chimwe chezvitendero zvekare uye zvakaoma kunzwisisa zviri munyika. Iyo ine midzi yayo muIndia uye yakapararira kuburikidza neNepal, Sri Lanka, Indonesia nedzimwe nyika muSoutheast Asia. Chitendero chechiHindu chakavakirwa panhevedzano yamagwaro matsvene, kubatanidza Vedas, Upanishad, Puranas, pakati pemamwe.
Inoratidzwa nevamwari vayo vakasiyana-siyana, chimwe nechimwe chazvo chine basa chairo uye nhoroondo. Vamwari vakakurumbira ndiBrahma, Vishnu naShiva. Brahma ndiye musiki wezvose, Vishnu ndiye mudziviriri uye muchengeti wezvose, uye Shiva ndiye muparadzi uye mutsidzi wezvose. Tichazodzikurukura zvakadzama gare gare.
chinamato chechihindu zvakare ine simbiso yakasimba pakuzvarwa patsva, pfungwa yokuti mweya womunhu unoberekwazve kuva muviri mutsva pashure porufu. ChiHindu chinodzidzisawo kuti kusunungurwa kwemweya, kunozivikanwa se "moksha," ndicho chinangwa chikuru chehupenyu. Uyezve, ine tsika yeguru-mudzidzi, apo guru kana mudzidzisi wemweya anotungamira mudzidzi munzira yake yekusunungurwa pamweya. Chitendero ichi chinewo miitiro netsika dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira pujas (kunamata), yajnas (zvipo), yoga, kufungisisa, uye kutsanya.
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti chitendero chechiHindu chakasiyana zvikuru uye chine mapazi akawanda akasiyana-siyana netsika. Icho chitendero chipenyu, uye chinoramba chichishanduka uye chichienderana nemazuva ano.
Vanamwari vechiHindu vangani?
Sezvatatotaura pamusoro apa, chitendero chechiHindu chine nhamba huru yevamwari, imwe neimwe ine basa chairo uye nhoroondo. Vamwari vakakurumbira zvikuru ndiBrahma, Vishnu naShiva, asi kune vakawanda vakawanda muboka reHindu. Maererano nemagamuchidzanwa akasiyana-siyana nemagwaro matsvene, mazana avamwari navamwari vanodudzwa. Zvisinei, zvinokosha kutaura kuti muchiHindu, ose akasiyana-siyana aMwari mumwe mukurusa, Brahman, uye vamwari vose vanorangarirwa sokuratidzirwa kwaMwari mumwe.
Kunze kweBrahma, Vishnu naShiva, vamwe ve vamwari nevamwari vakakurumbira muHinduism zvinotevera:
- Devi kana Shakti: Mwarikadzi wechikadzi, simba raMwari. Anorangarirwa kuva mai vavamwari navamwarikadzi vose. Ndimwarikadzi wembereko.
- Ganesh: Mwari ane musoro wenzou, mubvisi wezvipingamupinyi. Ndiye mumwe wevamwari vakakurumbira uye anonamatwa muIndia yose. Ndimwari weuchenjeri uye kubudirira.
- Kartikeya: Mwari wehondo noushingi. Ndiye mapatya aGanesha.
- Hanuman: Mwari wetsoko, muranda akatendeka weRama. Ndiye mwari wokuvimbika nokuzvipira.
- Lakshmi: Mwarikadzi wepfuma, kubudirira uye kugara zvakanaka. Ndiye mudzimai waVishnu.
- Sarasvati: Mwarikadzi wenziyo, unyanzvi uye njere.
- Rama uye Krishna: Vaviri vevamwari vakakurumbira uye vanonamatwa vechiHindu muchiHindu. Iwo maavatars eVishnu uye ane kukosha kukuru mungano nechitendero chechiHindu.
- Kali: Mwarikadzi wekuparadza uye shanduko. Ndiyo yakanyanya kusimba chimiro chaDevi uye inonamatwa neavo vanotsvaga dziviriro nesimba.
Mwari namwarikadzi mumwe nomumwe ane ngano dzavo, nhau, uye miitiro yokunamata. Vamwe vevamwari vanoremekedzwa muIndia yose, asi vamwe vanonyanya kufarirwa munzvimbo dzakati. Pazasi tichakurukura zvakadzama vamwari vatatu vakuru vechiHindu: Brahma, Vishnu naShiva.
Brahma: musiki wezvose
Ngatitangei nemukuru wevamwari vechiHindu: Brahma. Pasina kupokana, ndiye mumwe wavamwari vanokosha zvikurusa muboka ravaHindu. Anorangarirwa kuva musiki wechisiko chapose pose uye mumwe weTrimurti, pamwe chete naVishnu (muchengeti) naShiva (muparadzi). Brahma anozivikanwawo se "Baba veGenealogies" kana "Prajapati". Ndimwari wechisiko uye musiki wezvinhu zvipenyu. Uyezve, ndiye mwari wouchenjeri nokuziva kwomudzimu. Anonziwo mwari wenhetembo nemimhanzi.
Maererano nengano yechiHindu, Brahma akasikwa naMwari mukuru, anonzi Brahman, kuti asike chisiko chapose pose. Akatanga nebasa iri kuburikidza nekufungisisa nekufungisisa, uye pashure penguva yakati, akatanga kusika zvisikwa zvipenyu. Akasika matenga, nyika, nyanza, uye zvinhu zvipenyu zviri mazviri.
Brahma inowanzofananidzirwa nemaoko mana, akabata bhuku, rozari, minhenga, uye ndiro yemvura. Inowanzova nemisoro mina, mumwe nomumwe wakatarisa kune rimwe divi, uchifananidzira chisiko kumativi mana ose. Mukunamata kwechiHindu, Brahma ndimwari muduku akaenzaniswa naVishnu naShiva, uye ine temberi dzakatsaurirwa vashoma nevateveri zvichienzaniswa navo. Nekudaro, mune dzimwe tsika dzedunhu rinonyanya kunamatwa uye rine kukosha kukuru mungano.
Vishnu: mudziviriri uye muchengeti wechisiko chose
Ngatipfuurirei zvino namwari Vishnu, mumwe wavamwari vanokosha vechiHindu. Maererano nechiHindu, ndiye muchengeti wechisiko chapose pose. Mukuwirirana nengano yechiHindu, Vishnu ndiye mudziviriri wechisiko chapose pose uye ane mutoro wokuchengeta dzikamo machiri. Naizvozvo ndimwari weruramisiro nedziviriro. Itsigiro yezvose zviripo, tsigiro yezvipenyu zvose uye kutsigirwa kwemitemo yepasi rose.
Imwe yeakanakisa maitiro aVishnu iwo maumbirwo ake kana maavatari akasiyana siyana, anozivikanwa se "Vishnu Avatara". Aya maavatata anosanganisira Rama naKrishna, vaviri vevamwari vakakurumbira uye vanonamatwa muchitendero chechiHindu uye vanokosha zvikuru mungano nechiHindu. Imwe neimwe yeavatars yaVishnu ine chinangwa chaicho uye nyaya yakabatana nayo.
Vishnu anowanzo kufananidzirwa nemaoko mana, akabata goko (shankha), dhisiki (chakra), kirabhu (gada) uye lotus (padma). Mukuwedzera, kazhinji ine halo yebhuruu shure kwayo. Zvakajairikawo kumuona aine nyoka inonzi Shesha, iyo inomumonerera, kunge piro. Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti inowanzoonekwa nemhando yekuzorora, inozivikanwa se "Ananta-Shesha" umo anozorora paShesha, paanenge achifungisisa uye achimirira kubatanidzwa kwake kunotevera.
Mukunamata kwechiHindu, Vishnu ndomumwe wavamwari vanokosha zvikuru uye anoremekedzwa muIndia yose. Matemberi avo, anonzi Vaishnavism, akajairika uye anozivikanwa. Vateveri vaVishnu vanonzi Vaishnavas uye vanoita kuzvipira uye kunamata kuna mwari uyu nemaavatata ake.
Shiva: muparadzi uye anovandudza zvakasikwa
Pakupedzisira tinofanira kuratidza Shiva, mumwe wevamwari vakanyanya kukosha muHindu pantheon. Ndiwo muparadzi uye anovandudza chisiko chose. Zvinoenderana nengano dzechiHindu, Shiva ndiye mwari wekuparadza uye shanduko, asi zvakare ndiye mwari wekuzvarwa patsva uye kugadzira. Pamusoro pezvo, ndiye mwari wekufungisisa uye kuzvipira, ndosaka achionekwa semudzidzisi weyoga uye sainzi isinganzwisisike ye tantra.
Kunze kwemazita ose aya, Shiva ndiyewo mwari wemakomo nenzizi, uye mudziviriri wemhuka dzesango nemiti. Nokudaro hazvishamisi kuti anozivikanwawo nechimiro chake che "Pashupati" kana "Ishe weMhuka". Uyewo hazvishamisi kuti vanamati vavo vakuru vafudzi nevavhimi. Shiva anozivikanwawo se "Lord of the Dance" (Nataraja) mumutambo wake wekutamba, anofananidzira kusikwa uye kuparadzwa kwezvose.
Shiva inowanzomiririrwa nemaziso matatu, ine muviri usina kupfeka uye yakashongedzwa nenyoka uye necklace yemadehenya. Nguva zhinji anooneka aine ribhoni retiger uye katatu mumaoko ake. Zvakajairikawo kuzviona mukufungisisa kana kutamba. Mukunamata kwechiHindu, Shiva ndomumwe wavamwari vanokosha zvikuru uye anoremekedzwa muIndia yose. Tembere dzavo dzakajairika uye dzinozivikanwa seShaivism. Vateveri vaShiva vanozivikanwa saShaivas uye vanodzidzira kuzvipira uye kunamata kuna Shiva nemhando dzayo dzakasiyana.
Ndinovimba kuti ruzivo rwese urwu nezvevamwari vechiHindu hwave huchinakidza kwauri. Iwe unodzidza chimwe chinhu chitsva zuva rega rega!