Mavara emurarabungu atinocherekedza mudenga mushure mezuva rekunaya kwemvura, mavara akachena ane ruvara rwakatsanangurwa nekureba kwemasaisai awo.. Tiri kutaura nezvechimwe chezviitiko zvakanakisa uye zvakasarudzika zvemamiriro ekunze izvo zvakasikwa zvinotipa, murarabungu. Mavara manomwe ndeaya anoonekwa, anogara ari muhurongwa humwe uye anogona kuonekwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi panguva imwe chete.
Kuti tione chiitiko chemamiriro ekunze ichi, mvura inofanirwa kuita chitarisiko uye mushure mayo, aya maairi manomwe ane mavara achaonekwa. Unoziva here kuti aya mativi manomwe ane mavara akaumbwa sei? Usazvibvunze zvakare, munguva pfupi tichatsanangura kuti murarabungu chii, maitiro ayo ekugadzira uye imwe neimwe yemavara anougadzira.
Kunzwisisa zvinoshamisa zviitiko
Kuti unzwisise zviri nani kuti chii, maumbirwo avakaitwa uye mavara ayo chiitiko chinoshamisa icho Amai Nature vanotipa, tinofanira kutanga nekutsanangura mashandiro anoita maziso evanhu. Kuziva zvatichangobva kutaura, zvichava nyore kunzwisisa maitiro ese.
Ziso remunhu ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvemuviri wedu. Ivo vanonzwa zvakanyanya kuchiedza, chiono chemavara chatiinacho chinogadzirwa nekukurudzira kwehukuru hwakasiyana hwemasaisai emwenje pamakoni edu.. Kune avo vasingazive kuti macones chii, iwo mafotosensitive masero ari muretina, kunyanya mune photoreceptor layer. Aya masero atiri kutaura nezvawo ndiwo anotarisira kuona kwemavara.
Unogona kupihwa marudzi matatu emakoni zvichienderana newavelength yataitaura nezvayo; mhando L kana kureba kuri kureba (ruvara rutsvuku), nyora M kana iri yepakati (ruvara rwegirinhi) uye nyora S, kana iri pfupi (ruvara rwebhuruu).
Makoni anoburitsa masaini anotumirwa kuburikidza netsinga yemaziso kunzvimbo dzehuropi hwedu dzinoita basa rekududzira ruzivo rwatumirwa kwadziri.
Chii chinonzi murarabungu uye wakagadzirwa sei?
Ichi chiitiko chechisikigo chatiri kutaura nezvacho, inooneka mudenga remaguta edu kana mwaranzi yezuva ichipfuura nepakati pezvimedu zvemvura zvakaturikwa muchikamu chemhepo, zvichiita kuti pave nemateru manomwe emavara akasiyana.
Vamwe vanoti a bhendi rinopenya rinoratidza mavara akasiyana nekuda kwekuora kwakatambura nechiedza. Patinonyatso mira kuti titarise, tinogona kuona kuti ine chimiro che arch, nokudaro zita rainotambira.
Apo mwaranzi unopfuura nomudonhwe remvura, unoikamura kuva mavara atinogona kuona muraraungu, panguva imwe cheteyo apo unoitsaudzira.. Ndiko kuti, chiedza chechiedza chinoratidzwa zvose pazvinenge zvasangana nemvura uye kana zvichibuda mudonho iroro. Rimwe nerimwe remadonhwe aya rinogona kuonekwa mune rumwe ruvara, saka izvo zvakafanana zvinowanzoungana pamwechete kugadzira show yatiri kutaura nezvayo.
Ndeapi mavara anoumba muraraungu?
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Isaac Newton mugore ra1664 pamutambo wenyika wakaitirwa kuUnited Kingdom, akatenga maprism. Nedanho iri, yaive nzira iyo nyanzvi yesainzi yakakwanisa kutiratidza maitiro echisikigo kana zuva richionekwa kwechinguva.
Hunhu hwakakosha uhu akatidzidzisa kuti nezvinhu zviviri izvi kuti ruvara harushanduke, kunyange zvazvo kona ichichinja. Nekuwanwa uku, akasimbisa nemavara ose akachena uye uwandu hwawo, zvakaguma nechiedza chichena. Izvi zvakaratidza pamberi uye shure mumunda wesainzi nekutaurirana.
Iwo mavara mafungu uye saizvozvo, rimwe nerimwe rawo rine urefu hwakasiyana pane humwe. Hurefu, sezvataona muchikamu chakapfuura, yakareba kana yava pedyo neruvara rutsvuku. Kana chiedza chichena changopinda muprism, rimwe nerimwe remavara atinoziva rinotora nzira yakasiyana.
Mavara atinoona muraraungu, kana chiedza chezuva chichipfuura nemadonhwe akasiiwa nemvura, ndeaya anotevera: tsvuku, orenji, yero, girini, cyan, bhuruu uye violet. Chaizvoizvo, haasati ari aya mavara manomwe chete atakatumidza kuti anoumba chiitiko ichi, asi kune gradient yemavara umo kunyange mazana awo anogona kunzwisiswa.
Muvara wekutanga: tsvuku
Tsvuku sezvatichangobva kuratidza, Ndirwo ruvara rwekutanga rwunoonekwa murarabungu uchigadzira arc yarwo yekunze uye ine kureba kwewavelength.. Rimwe remavara iro ziso redu romunhu rinoratidza zviri nyore kana tikariona.
Ruvara rwechipiri: orenji
Nguva dzose, ruvara rwechipiri runoumba chiitiko ichi chinoshamisa chinowanikwa pasi pehutsvuku. Muchiitiko ichi, Tiri kutaura nezverimwe remavara rakanyanya kutiomera kusiyanisa muraraungu kubva, inowanzosangana nemutsvuku uye inorasikirwa nekuonekwa.
Muvara wechitatu: Yero
Rudzi runotevera mukugadzirwa kwemurarabungu, mushure meorenji. Imwe yemavara akatanhamara echiitiko nekuda kwemavara ayo ane simba. Kutenda kune izvi, ruvara rweyero runomira kubva kune mamwe mavara uye ndeimwe yeanonyanya kuoneka. Kana murarabungu ukaonekwa mumatenga akajeka uye ane zuva, ruvara urwu runofanira kunyangarika.
Ruvara rwechina: girini
Tinoenderera mberi nekurongeka kwatinogona kutarisa mavara emuraraungu uye isu tiri mugirini, iyo iri pasi peyero arch. Sezvimwe nemamwe mavara, pane dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kusiyanisa uye nezvimwe, kana zvikaitika sezvakaitika kare tinozviwana tiri pamberi pedenga rakajeka uye rebhuruu.
Ruvara rwechishanu: cyan
Ruvara rwechishanu runoumba murarabungu uye imwe yeanonyanya kuenda asingaonekwi neziso remunhu. Muzviitiko zvakawanda zvinoitika izvozvo ruvara rwecyan urwu runowanzosangana neruvara rwebhuruu rwedenga saka hatikwanise kusiyanisa chaizvo. Kusiyana kwayo kuri nyore, kana muraraungu uchionekwa padenga rine makore kana grey.
Ruvara rwechitanhatu: bhuruu
Inonziwo color indigo, ivara rechitanhatu rinoonekwa muraraungu. Urefu hwayo hwaizove hwemhando M, kureva, yehukuru hwepakati nekuremekedza kune mamwe mavara. Neruvara urwu chinhu chinoshamisa chinoitika uye ndechekuti, zvakaoma kuzvisiyanisa uye nekuda kweizvi kune avo vanofunga kuti murarabungu unoumbwa nemavara matanhatu pane manomwe.
Muvara wechinomwe: yepepuru
Tinosvika kumuvara wekupedzisira unoumba muraraungu, uyo une wavelength pfupi, ruvara rweviolet. Musanganiswa pakati pemuvara uyu uye wepamusoro, bhuruu, unogona kuitika, asi Inenge nguva dzose apo muraraungu unooneka, zviri nyore kuuona neziso rakashama.
Ko miraraungu miviri ingaonekwa panguva imwe chete here?
Zvamazvirokwazvo, kanopfuura nhambo imwe pashure pezuva rokunaya kwemvura, wakatarira mudenga ndokuwana kwete muraraungu mumwe bedzi asi maviri. Chiitiko ichi chinogoneka uye tiri kutaura nezvemuraraungu kaviri.
Ichi chiitiko chatiri kutaura nezvacho hachiwanzoonekwa, sezvo chinoitika kana mwaranzi yezuva ichipfuura nepakati pemadonhwe emvura uye tinogona kuiona, nekuda kwekutenderera kunoitika mukati medonhwe iri. Kureva, kune mabhanzi maviri uye izvi zvinoita kuti mwaranzi iyambuke uye ichisiya donhwe rakatarisana.
Nechiitiko ichi chisina kujairika, ndiyo nzira iyo miraraungu miviri kana yechipiri miraraungu inogadzirwa, iyo iri pasi peiyo huru, kuidana neimwe nzira. Kusimba kwemurarabungu wechipiri uhu kushoma, sezvo mwaranzi ine simba shoma mukurovera.. Masaisai anoumba mavara ndeehupamhi hukuru uye nekuwedzera, iwo mavara anoonekwa nenhevedzano yehurongwa hwatambotaura.
Zvinoita here kuona muraraungu wakakwana?
Sezvo isu tese tichiziva, murarabungu zvechokwadi idenderedzwa, kunyangwe isu tichingoona hafu. Chinhu chinonyanyozivikanwa ndechekuti kana ichionekwa mumatenga edu, tinoona matako atinogara tichiona, izvi imhaka yekuti tiri pamusoro penyika.
Kana iwe uchida kuona muraraungu wakazara, mukuwedzera kune chokwadi chekuti nhevedzano yezvinhu inofanirwa kuzadzikiswa kwairi, waizofanira kuzviisa pamusoro penyika, mukuwedzera kuidi rokuti muraraungu unofanira kuoneka munzvimbo isina zvipingamupinyi.
Hazvina kukwana kuenda kugomo, kana isu tiri kubhururuka uye chiitiko ichi chichioneka, zvingave zvichibvira kukoshesa iyi muraraungu wakazara watiri kutaura nezvawo. Chiitiko chinoshamisa, chatinofanira kunakidzwa nacho kamwe chete muhupenyu.
Tinovimba kuti data ratakupa pamusoro pemavara emurarabungu nemaumbirwo awo, akakubatsira uye akakudzidzisa zvinhu zvawanga usingazivi kare. Kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, tinotarisira kuti nguva imwe neimwe zuva remvura rinobuda uye muraraungu unooneka, iwe uchakoshesa izvo zvakasikwa zvinotipa, chiitiko chakasiyana chizere nekunaka. Unogona here kusiyanisa mavara manomwe anoiumba? Ko murarabungu kaviri uchaonekwa here?