Cellular tekinoroji ikambani iri kufamba nekusvetuka uye miganhu, huyai muone kuti sei Kushanduka kwefoni mobile nanhasi
Kushanduka kwefoni
Pane zvakawanwa uye zvigadzirwa zvakabvumira shanduko mukushanduka-shanduka kwevanhu, sekugadzirwa kwemuchina wokudhinda wakashandura nzira dzekutaurirana pakati pevanhu panguva iyoyo uye zvisingarambiki zvakabvumira kuparadzirwa kwezivo muchimiro chemavara.
nharembozha shanduko
Munguva dzino dzekuputika kwetekinoroji, tave zvapupu zvakasarudzika zvechimwe chezvakanyanya kukosha muindasitiri yezvekufambiswa kwemashoko mune zvinyorwa, data uye izwi, zvakaiswa muchikamu chidiki diki chave chishandiso chakakosha muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. vamwe varume.
Ichi chinyorwa chinokuratidza kushanduka kwemafoni emafoni uye maitiro avo, ayo akaumba maitiro evanhu munyika yekukurukurirana, bhizinesi, ruzivo, dzidzo uye hukama hwavo hwemagariro evanhu. Zvinoshamisa kuti chiridzwa chidiki chakadaro chave muturikiri wezvikero munyika, kana tikaenzanisa izvo, nekungobaya nharembozha, isu tine nyika pamunwe wedu.
Mavambo Evolution yefoni
Nharembozha mambakwedza: Kunyanya kushandiswa kwayo kwaive kutaurirana nezwi, kutanga nguva itsva yekufamba, mukana wakakura kana tikachienzanisa nekombuta yedu.
Humwe hunhu hwakakosha zvikuru hunosanganisira kushandurwa kwechishandiso ichi mukushandiswa kwecorporal, ndiko kuti, pamwe chete nemagwaro edu emunhu akadai sezvitupa, mapasipoti, kiredhiti kana makadhi ekubhengi, rezinesi rekutyaira kana kadhi remunhu rekambani yedu kana sangano redzidzo. , nharembozha inoonekwa seimwezve chitupa chitupa.
Kutanga kwenharembozha kunoitwa mumamiriro eHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, chiitiko chakaratidza kudiwa kwekutaurirana kure. Kambani yeMotorola yakagadzira mudziyo unonzi Handie Talkie H12-16, basa rayo raisanganisira kushandiswa kwemasaisai eredhiyo mune frequency bhendi iri pasi pe600 KHz.
Chinangwa chayo chaingova nzira yekurukurirano yehondo. Muchokwadi, iyi midziyo yakanga isinganyanyi kufamba nekuda kwehuremu hwayo hukuru uye saizi, uye kushandiswa kwayo kwaingogumira kumotokari dzemauto. Hunhu hwayo hwehunyanzvi hwaive analogi muchisikigo, ine HF neVHF mabhendi, inotungamirwa neAmerican kambani Bell.
Kune chikamu chayo, Ericsson yakashambadza iyo Mobile Telephone System (MTS), inotungamirwa naBell, maitiro ayo: Huremu hukuru uye kushandiswa kwayo kwaive mumotokari. Gore rakanga riri 1955.
Zvadaro, Walkie-Talkie inorema 1,2 kilograms inokwanisa kubatana pa 1,5 KHz inovakwa. Magadzirirwo ayo anonzi akaitwa nemugadziri weRussia Leonid Ivánovich Kupriyanovich muna 1955. Imwe nguva gare gare shanduro yakavandudzwa yakagadzirwa, ine hukuru huduku uye huremu hushoma uye ichiwedzera makiromita maviri, mugore ra2.
Chekutanga nharembozha Evolution yerunhare
Kutanga muchikamu ichi kunokonzerwa nechiitiko chakaitika muna Kubvumbi 3, 1973, apo Martin Cooper, director weMotorola, akadana mukwikwidzi wake muchikamu ichi, Joel Engel weBell Labs yeAT&T. Kaive kekutanga kufona pasina waya.
Motorola Dynatac Phone Evolution
Kufona kwakadai kwakaitwa kuburikidza neMotorola Dinatac 8000x (Dynamic Adaptive Total Area Coverage), yaive prototype yakashandiswa naCooper, yaive neanotevera zviyero: 33 x 4,5 x 8,9 centimita uye yairema 800 magiramu, yaive nenhamba keyboard (keypad) foni. , yaiva nemakiyi mapfumbamwe.
Kuzvimiririra kwemuchina uyu kwaingova awa imwe chete mukukurukurirana (masere pakumira) uye mutengo wayo waive madhora zviuru zvina panguva iyoyo. Chinhu chayo chikuru chaive chekuchengeta kwayo, yaigona kuchengetedza nhamba dzenhare makumi matatu mubhuku rayo rekero. Battery hupenyu hwaive 4.000 awa. Maitiro ayo maitiro aive akanaka kwazvo mukugamuchira uye kutapurirana.
Iyo Nokia Mobira Talkman
Kubva kuFinland, inova foni yekutanga yeNokia inotakurika. Magadzirirwo ayo aive akasiyana neakaipa aipihwa neMotorola Dynatac 8000x, asi yaive hombe uye inorema (10 Kg) uye yaive nebhegi raisanganisira bhatiri hombe. Mutengo wayo waive 4.500 euros, muna 1984.
Motorola MicroCT.
Zvino ngationei kutangwa kwechikwata ichi. Yaive yakaderedzwa vhezheni muhukuru, huremu uye yaive nani kuzvitonga. Shanduro dzayo dzekutanga dzaive nemafoni eanalogi isati yasvika iyo GSM system. Chitsva chikuru chaiva chekuti mutauri aipeta pamusoro pe keyboard.
Motorola Startac
Iyi prototype yakatangwa muna 1996, inoonekwa seyokutanga foni iyo yakapa kukosha kukuru kugadzira, kupira humwe hunhu hwekushanda, pamwe nekuda kwehunhu uhu hwaive hwezuva, nhare yakakurumbira uye inowanikwa kutakura nekuda kwehuremu hwayo.
XNUMXth century Evolution yenharembozha
Iwo ma90 aitongwa nevagadziri Motorola uye Nokia, ikava yechokwadi tekinoroji kurwa. Pakati peakanyanya prototypes tine:
Motorola 2900 Bag Phone
1994, gore rino Motorola Bag Foni yakapinda mumusika, yaionekwa sechiteshi chekushandisa chete mota, huremu huremu uye yaive nemhando yebhegi makawanikwa bhatiri uye transceiver, vaive nekufamba kukuru uye vaizivikanwa zvakanyanya mobile.
Motorola StartTAC Mobile Phone Evolution
Iyi nhare yakapinda mumusika mugore ra1996. Inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo yekutanga nharembozha chaiyo. Dhizaini yayo yaisanganisira clamshell chimiro chaive nekuchinjika kupeta nepakati chekudzivirira zvinhu zvakaita se keyboard uye kuratidza kubva kunharaunda.
Nokia 8110
Gore ra1996 rakasvika uye kambani yenharembozha Nokia yakaunza nharembozha yayo itsva. Chakanga chiri mudziyo waizivikanwa zvikuru panguva iyoyo, waive nekavharidziro yekudzivirira pazvinoitika kana tsaona. Yakanga iine zvinotevera maitiro: Kugona kwayo kugadzirisa firmware yayo kuburikidza neOTA (Over The Air). Mutengo waro waive wakaenzana ne $1.000.
9000i Nokia Communicator
Mukutevedzana kwenguva, gore ra1997 zvakare Nokia inokatyamadza neiyi nhare. Inoonekwa seyekutanga 'smartphone' pamusika, kunyangwe iyo indasitiri yakanga yatopa mamwe makomputa ehomwe.
Kugadziriswa kwemuviri kwefoni kwaive kutsva. Vashandisi vaigona kuvhura iyo 9000i yakachinjika kuti iwane hombe yeLCD skrini uye yakazara QWERTY keyboard. Yakanga ichitariswa panguva iyoyo semutangiri weiyo Smartphone. Yayo PDA kugona, inogoneka uye yakapa mukana wekutumira mameseji uye email. Nekuwana Webhu (zvishoma), uye nemavara zana nemakumi matanhatu ekutumira mameseji eSMS.
Nokia 3210
Nokia inoramba ichizadza musika. Muna 1999, akapa iyi nharembozha itsva, yakanyatso shandiswa panguva iyoyo. Yakanga isina antenna yekunze, zvichiita kuti iratidze matambudziko ekugamuchira. Yaive neyakasarudzika software yakatsaurirwa kumitambo, mavhavha anochinjika uye akasiyana emunhu mhete toni. Yakanga iri nhare yakakurumbira pakati pevashandisi nekuda kwemutengo wayo wakaderera.
Kushanduka kwefoni muSXXI
Kambani yeNokia yakabatanidzwa semukuru wepasi rose kugadzira nhare, maprototypes ayo aive neakakosha maficha akadai se: Mobile Internet kuwana, kuwanikwa kweWAP yekubatanidza.
Tevere, isu tinotsanangura iwo makuru mafoni ezana razvino, nehunhu hwawo. Zuva nezuva zvimwe zvitsva:
Blackberry
Munguva iyi, BlackBerry yakasvika, yakakurumbira muhuwandu hwehuwandu hwemhizha. The phenomenal RIM BlackBerry 5810 yakapinda mumusika muna 2002. Yakanga iri yekutanga smartphone, nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwayo kwenharembozha tsigiro uye mameseji eSMS uye kusunda email, iyo yakave yakakurumbira seyakanaka hunhu hweiyi smartphone. Uye zvakare, yaive neakanyanya kuenderana QWERTY keyboard.
Kushaya simba kwayo kwaive kwekuti yaive isina maikorofoni kana speaker. Zvisinei, kugadzirisa kusagadzikana uku, kushandiswa kwemahedhifoni (maoko-akasununguka) kwakarongwa.
Nokia 1100
Gore ra2003, Nokia inosuma yekutanga vhezheni yehupfumi, inochinjika nhare, inopokana nekuipa kwenzvimbo. Yakava muenzaniso wakakurumbira.
Nokia
Gore rino 2007, Nokia inoenderera mberi, ichiratidza kushanduka kwenharembozha. Chikwata ichi chinoonekwa se 'nharembozha yakachipa munhoroondo'.
Mutengo waro wakaita kuti chive chishandiso chinokwezva kune vechidiki kubva kumativi ese enyika uye zvayaida zvakasimbirira zvekuti yakatengesa kubva muzvinyorwa zvemasangano ezvokutengeserana ezvigadzirwa izvi mukati memazuva mashoma.
Apple iPhone smartphone
Steve Jobs, CEO weindasitiri yeApple, akapa yake yakakurumbira Apple iPhone nharembozha kune vateereri muna 1997.
Ichi ndicho chishandiso chakanyatso shandura nyika yenharembozha munyika yese yezvekufambiswa kwemashoko, ikava musimboti weMafonifoni. Yaiva timu yairatidza 3,5-inch multi-touch screen, iyo yakavhara chikamu chepamusoro chemberi kwenhare.
Pakati peayo makuru ehunyanzvi tekinoroji tine quad-band GSM tekinoroji, inotsigirwa neEDGE tekinoroji uye Wi-Fi isina waya yekubatanidza.
Kutanga kuUnited States, kwakagadzirwa kuburikidza nehofori yenhare AT&T. Yayo sisitimu yekushandisa yaive itsva: iPhone OS, yakazotumidzwa zita rekuti iOS. Chimiro chayo chakanambwa pasi peiyo yakananga manipulation fomati, ine mawedzero emasiraidhi, mabhatani uye masiwichi achigadzira akawanda-ekubata gestures.
Mukutanga kwayo, kushaya simba kwayo kwaisanganisira kusava nerutsigiro rwekuisa mamwe maapplication pane ayo akaiswa pakutanga. Zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti chirwere ichi chakazogadziriswa, chikava chiitiko chechokwadi chepasi rose munyika yekukurukurirana.
Nguva itsva Smartphone - Google Android uye Samsung
Android iMobile Operating System, yakagadziriswa neInternet hofori yeGoogle, Smartphone yayo yekutanga yaive HTC Dream, muna 2008.
Samsung Galaxy SII Runhare Evolution
Inotaridzirwa nenyanzvi senhare ine simba, nekuda kwehardware yakasimba. Kuvepo kweakawanda maapplication ayo anokupa iwe dura mune zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvechokwadi kunaka.
Magadzirirwo ayo akaumbwa achiremekedza ergonomic maitiro, akadai sekuchinjika kune chanza cheruoko uye maitiro ayo ekuona nekuedza kushoma kune chikamu chemushandisi.
Iyo ine kamera inoonekwa seimwe yeakanakisa pamusika, ine 8 megapixels uye AMOLED skrini, hongu ine Android Operating System, yakareruka muhuremu. Kuonekwa kwayo pamusika kwaive muna 2011.
Huawei Mate 20 Pro
Iyo ine Smartphone ine zvinoshamisa maficha. Iyo ine hombe yakaoma kamera inoumbwa nematatu 40, 20 uye 8 megapixel lenzi, maviri ekupedzisira anoshanda seyakafara kona uye telephoto lens.
Mune iyi kurongeka kwemazano, kumwe kutsva kunosanganisira kudzoserwa kuchaji kwebhatiri rako kana mamwe maSmartphones anoenderana nekuchaja kusina waya. Bhatiri rayo i4,200 mAh, nekuzvimiririra kwemaawa akawanda ekushandisa uye yakakura yekuchaja kupora mumaminitsi makumi matatu chete.
Iyi prototype inopa seimwe basa rekuwedzera kuvapo kwechigunwe scanner pachiratidziro uye ine hunyanzvi hwekucherekedza kumeso sisitimu pamberi pekamera semudziyo wekuchengetedza kuvhura nhare nekukurumidza uye zvakachengeteka.
Panguva yatinonyora chinyorwa ichi, hutongi hwese hweSamsung nharembozha neiyo Android Operating System inotonga pamusika wepasi rose, ichishandura michina iyi kuita "hofisi nyowani" iyo chero muzvinabhizinesi kana muzvinabhizimusi akashuvira kuva nazvo.
Generation Evolution yefoni
Zvakaoma kufunga nezvekuwedzera kwenharembozha pasina kumira uye kugadziridzwa maererano nekugona kuchengetedza uye kumhanya kwekupindura uye kufambisa kuchinjika kwekuchinja kwezvibvumirano zvakatsaurirwa kunetiweki yekutaurirana uye kutsigirwa nevashandisi.
Kufambira mberi kwakawanda kwakaitwa munguva pfupi, kubva mukushandiswa kweredhiyo nzira dzine mafambiro ari pasi pe600 KHz, tevere kushandiswa kweAM neFM, masevhisi eBell neErickson, kusvika pakushandisa kukuru kweSamsung. Ngationei pazasi shanduko yenharembozha nechizvarwa.
Chizvarwa chekutanga 1G
Chinhu chayo chikuru kwaive kushandiswa kweanalogi chiteshi, neNMT system. Iyo Ericsson kambani yakagadziridza sisitimu, ichishanda mumafrequency pamusoro pe900 MHz, ichiwedzera sevhisi kune nhamba huru yevashandisi. Kutanga kubva muhurongwa hweNMT, mamwe masisitimu ane kusimba kukuru uye hutsva akagadziridzwa akabvumira kugadzwa kwechizvarwa chakakosha zvakadaro.
Japan ndiyo yaive nyika yekutanga kupayona mukuvaka kweCellular Telephone Service Center, nekudaro ichipa chirongwa chekushambadzira tekinoroji yekutanga, inowanikwa kugutsa zvinodiwa nevashandisi, muna 1979.
MuEurope ndidzo nyika dzeScandinavia (Finland) dzakatanga nzira muna 1981 uye muUnited States basa rekutengesa rinotangwa, kuburikidza nekushandisa network yeAT&T muna 1983.
Chizvarwa Chechipiri 2G
Inoitika mu90's, ichidyara iyo GSM system, IS-136, iDEN uye IS-95. GSm yakava budiriro yakakosha, yaive ratidziro yetekinoroji muEurope.
Pakati pe1992, maEuropean network anotora GSM-900 system uye GSM terminals, iyo yakave nekuwedzera kukuru muLatin America, Asia, Oceania (Australia yakava piyona weiyi tekinoroji iri kusimukira) uye yakawanda yeUnited States.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvakajeka nezvakaburitswa kusvika parizvino, zviri nyore kufungidzira kugamuchirwa kukuru kwevashandisi pasi rose uye kushambadzira kwayo.
Chizvarwa chechitatu (3G
Sezvo dzvinyiriro inokura kubva kuvashandisi mune zvavanoda kuti vawane kukurumidza, kuvimbika uye kutengeka nharembozha. Iyo inomuka kubva kune vanogadzira dhizaini, iyo UMTS system inoumbwa, yakatemwa neiyo W-CDMA tekinoroji.
Chizvarwa chechina 4G
Nechizvarwa chino, inopa portfolio yezvitsva zvinovhara kuvandudzwa kwakakura zvine chekuita nekuchengetedzeka kurinani uye kukuru uye mhando yebasa (QoS) uye kutumirwa kukuru zvine chekuita nekumhanya, hunhu hunodarika zana Mbit/s mukufamba uye 100Gbit/s. .Iri mukurara.
Isu tinofanirwa kutaura kuti tekinoroji iyi yakavakirwa paIP protocol, ichiva supersystem uye network yetiweki nekuve nekuwanikwa kwenzvimbo yemusangano pakati pewaya uye isina waya network.
Iko kushanduka-siyana kweiyi tekinoroji inogumira pane isingafungidzike kubva pakuona kwemhinduro iyo mushandisi anoda ruzivo rwakakwana uye nekukurumidza; Pakati penyika yehunyanzvi panguva ino, kushandiswa kukuru kweMafonifoni kwave chinhu chinodiwa uye chakakosha mutengi, hazvigoneke kupindirana nechokwadi pasina kushandisa chishandiso ichi.
Chizvarwa chechishanu 5G
Iyo tekinoroji inonambwa munguva dzazvino (2020) inomiririra chiono chakafemerwa neasina waya yekubatanidza.
Inoumba purojekiti inoshuvira iyo mune dzimwe nyika, inopokana nekugadzirisa tekinoroji yakadai, nekuti hurumende dzadzo dzinofunga kuti inogona kukanganisa nzira dzekuchengetedza nedziviriro, ichivashandura kuita chombo chinogona kuita zvavanoda uye kunyanya, chipingamupinyi mukugadzira uye nzira dzekudzivirira. kushandiswa kwemitemo yeruzhinji. Kana iwe uchida misoro yepamusoro mune tekinoroji, ndinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge Satellite Technology
Hutano hunotaurwa semuenzaniso, parizvino hwarohwa nedenda. Icho chisungo chehurumende kugadzira nzira dzekubatanidza kune ukuru hwedambudziko richatarisana naro.
Hurumende yeUnited States inozeza kutora tekinoroji iyi, ichipomera zvikonzero zvekuzvitonga uye kufarira kwehurumende,
Kune rumwe rutivi, nyika dzakaita seChile dzakaratidza kufarira kushandisa hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji hunopihwa nekufambira mberi uku.
Nharembozha yave sevhisi yekuti ruzivo rwuri zvinhu zvekushandisa kushandisa nekukwenenzvera mhedzisiro yaro mukupindura kushushikana kunoratidzwa nehuchokwadi hwedu hwepasirese.
Ndiani angadai akafunga muzana remakore rapfuura kuva muchanza chemunhu Internet masevhisi, zvinyorwa uye izwi data, mameseji mameseji, kuchengetedza kugona kune vanobatikana, mapikicha, redhiyo, TV, mavhidhiyo, Hofisi, pdf mafaera, WhatsApp zvikumbiro uye nevamwe? .
Zvese zvinoratidzwa zvinotipa chiono chedomein uye chengetedzo semanyuko akavimbika ekutora matambudziko ayo akatichengetera ramangwana.
Isu tinokuratidza iyo audiovisual zvinyorwa zvinowedzera izvo zvinoburitswa muchinyorwa chino.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3ZDjFWbdhY