Hondo yeThermopylae uye 300 Spartans yeLeonidas

Hondo yeThermopylae ndiyo imwe yehondo dzakakurumbira nhasi yenyika yekare. Ichokwadi kuti bhaisikopo rakabatana mariri, asi nei richinakidza kudaro?

Iyi haisi hondo, ndeye nyaya umo varume vashoma vakadzivisa uto guru kwazvo kwemazuva matatu kuti vaponese Girisi.

Mamiriro ezvinhu pamberi peHondo yeThermopylae

Pakupera kwezana remakore VI BC tiri panguva iyo Humambo hwePezhiya hwaisanganisira nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo: nharaunda dziri pakati peGungwa reAegean neRwizi rweIndus, pamwe neKumusoro kweEgypt neGungwa reAran.

Kupandukira kweIonia kwakatanga, apo maguta echiGiriki eAsia Minor akamukira chiremera chaMambo Dhariusi. mwanakomana wake mambo Xerxes anofunga kutsiva baba vake ndokuenda kuAtene muchirimo cha480 BC. C. neuto gurusa yakaungana kusvika zvino uye nechikepe chinokatyamadza.

When nhau dzinosvika kusparta, Leonidas, mumwe wemadzimambo avo, anosarudza kupa hupenyu hwake uye hwevarume vake dzosa uto rinopinda nechisimba paThermopylae pass, nzvimbo yekupinda kwechisikigo muGreece.

Sarudzo yevaSpartan inotanga kurwa kweThermopylae

Maguta echiGiriki akafunga kutarisana nemauto aXerxes, akasangana mutemberi yaPoseidon muKorinde uye akaita mhiko yaizova mavambo echaizonzi Hellenic League. Zvaiita sezvine musoro kumirira vaPersia mune imwe yenzira dzemakomo dzavaifanira kukwira uye nokudaro vaigona kutarisana navo vaine mukana wokukunda.

Aya ndiwo marongero aLeonidas, zvisinei akazviwana atarisana nemhinganidzo. Maguta aisada kukanganisa mitambo yenyama yakatsaurirwa kuna Mwari Apollo Carneo, saka vakanga vasiri kuzotora rutivi. Mambo weSpartan, zvirinani, akakwanisa kuwana a nguva chaiyo yokuti aende navarindi vake: varume mazana matatu.

Zvikanzi the Oracle weDelphi akaprofita kuti mumwe wemadzimambo eSparta aizofa kana aida kurambidza vaPezhiya kuti vatore nharaunda yacho.. Pashure paizvozvo, Leonidas akava nechokwadi chokuti ndiye akanga ane rukudzo rwekuva mambo akasarudzwa. Akafunga kuti: Iye nevarume vake mazana matatu vaizosangana navo.

Sangano rekupikisa

Kuongorora nyika dzaifanirwa kuyambuka Xerxes neuto rake, zvakava pachena kuti nzvimbo yakanyatsokodzera kutarisana nevaPezhiya yaizova nzira yeThermopylae. Nzvimbo inoumbwa negoronga rinenge 1300 metres uye hupamhi pakati pe15 ne20 metres. izvo zvingava zvakanakira pakutarisana neuto guru. Saka uto raipinda nechisimba harina kukwanisa kupararira.

Kune iyi inobatsira mamiriro, inofanira kuwedzerwa iyo kwaiva nemawere kune rimwe divi uye kune rimwe gomo guru, izvo zvaizobatsira kuti muchengeti weshure asasvikwe. vemauto aLeonidas kuti avavandire.

Pakangorongwa chirongwa, chakasara kuunganidza varume mazana matatu vaizoperekedza Leonidas mukutsvaga kubwinya kusingaperi.

Sarudzo yevarume mazana matatu

The Spartan Kings Guard Yaiumbwa nevarume 300 vakanyatsosarudzwa, vaiva nezera kubva pazera 20 uye 29 makore uye vaifanira kuratidza kukosha kwavo mumakwikwi akanyanyation. Vaifanira kushinga, kuratidza unyanzvi hwokushandisa zvombo, uye kuva nesimba.

Kunze kweizvi zvese, 300 vaizotora chikamu muhondo yeThermopylae vaive nehumwe hunhu: vaiziva kuti vaisazokunda uye vaienda kurufu rwavo. Kubva paudiki, vaSparta vakadzidziswa kuti pakanga pasina chinhu chinonyadzisa kupfuura kurangarirwa sembwende uye zvaizoitika kana ukadzoka uri mupenyu kubva kuhondo yakarasika. Vapukunyuki vehondo dzakarasika vaisarudzwa ndokurambwa kwoupenyu hwose.

Nokuti uto iri rakanga riri munzira kuenda kurufu, Leonidas Akangosarudza varume vaya vaive nemwana mukomana mumwe chete kuti vaenderere mberi nedzinza ravo.

Kuhondo yeThermopylae

Achiperekedzwa ne1.000 perioecs uye 1.000 vasiri varwi mahelots, Leonidas nevarume vake vakatanga kufora. Kutanga vakayambuka Peloponnese uko kwakabatana mamwe varwi zviuru zvina uye zvishoma nezvishoma mukufambira mberi kwavo vakananga kuThermopylae vamwe varume zviuru zviviri vaizobatana. Pamwe chete, chiverengero chevarume vanenge 7.000 200.000 vakaperekedza Leonidas uyo aifanira kutarisana neuto rinoda kusvika XNUMX XNUMX. Rakanga risiri basa riri nyore.

Vachisvika kuThermopylae, vakadzika musasa kuti vamirire mauto aXerxes. vakamirira mambo Xerxes akatumira shoko kuna Leonidas achida kuti areke zvombo zvake. Leonidas akamuudza kuti aende kwavari..

Hondo inotanga

Xerxes akatanga nekukanda mauto akananga kuvaGiriki uye Zvakaratidzwa kuti vaSparta vaisazokanda mapfumo pasi nyore nyore. Varume vakawa vaXerxes vakatsiviwa navamwe navamwe. Apa zvaionekwa kuti mambo vaive nevarwi vakawanda asi vashoma vaive varwi vakanyatsodzidziswa sevaya vaiperekedza Leonidas.

Pakupedzisira, aizova murindi waMambo Xerxes pachake “vasingafi” vaizouya kuhondo. Hurefu hukuru hwemapfumo echiGiriki hwaizovapa mukana. Aneta nehondo yenyika, Xerxes akarayira vaAtene neAeginetani kuti varwise Cape Artemisius nechinangwa chokuburuka kumashure kwevaGiriki.

Zvakaitika kuti hondo isati yatanga. Zvikepe zvaXerxes zvakanga zvakuvadzwa zvikuru nedutu uye vakanga vasati vagadzirira kuita kurwisa ikoko, ndiko kwakatungamirira kuhondo isina mukundi ari pachena.

Panguva iyoyo zuva rechipiri rehondo rakapera.

Zuva rekupedzisira reHondo yeThermopylae

Xerxes paakanga atopererwa. mugari womumusha aizotengesa vanhu vake ndokuudza mambo nzira yokukomba mauto yaLeonidas.

Vachiziva izvi, mambo Leonidas akafumura varume vose vaiva muruoko rwake kuti vaizoparara nokukurumidza uye kuti hapana aisungirwa kugarapo naye kuti amirire ramangwana iroro. Kune vamwe vanofunga kuti sarudzo iyi yaizovawo nzira yaizobvumira varume ava kuti vagadzirire hondo yeramangwana mumaguta avo kuti vavadzivirire.

Pamwe chete namambo weSpartan varume vake mazana matatu vaizosara, vanenge vachiri vapenyu, avo vakanga vari voruzhinji, vaizosarawo maheroti, maperiecos uye mabhootian warriors. 

Akanga ari mangwanani-ngwanani pazuva rechitatu rehondo paThermopylae.

Herodotus, munyori wenhoroondo wechiGiriki, anotiudza kuti sei Nguva iyi payakasvika vakazviwana vakombwa neuto raXerxes, varume vaLeonidas vakakweva simba rose ravainge vasiya. Kunyange vakatyorwa mapfumo avo, vakaramba vachirwa neminondo yavo. Mukupisa kwehondo Leonidas aizodonha.

Panguva iyoyo hondo yakachinja, chinangwa chakanga chiri chitunha chamambo. VaGiriki vakakwanisa kudzosera shure mauto aXerxes kusvika kanokwana kana kuti avadzivise kumutora.

Pakange pasina kana mumwe wevarume vaLeonidas akasara akamira, Xerxes akaenda kunhandare yehondo. uye akarayira kugura musoro waLeonidas kuti auise padanda rakarovererwa.

Mushure mehondo yeThermopylae.

Boka reSpartan rakaenda kuThermopylae apo mauto ePezhiya akanga atoenda uye Vakasarudza kuviga zvakasara zvaLeonidas ipapo. 

Nguva inotevera, mapfupa ake aizoendeswa kuguta rake kunokudza Leonidas nemariro enyika. Dombo rakaiswa paguva rake rine zita rake nerevarume vake mazana matatu.

Leonidas aizouya kuzonamatwa segamba-mwari, akarwa iyo hondo inokurudzira uye iyo, gore gare gare, vaizobvisa chose chose vaPersia munyika dzechiGiriki.