In this article we will give you all the detailed information about what the impressionism in spain, which meant for society and the various artists who represented it. As well as its characteristics and why it was so fundamental at that time and today. Keep reading the article and find out everything!
Impressionism in Spain
It is a movement that occurs in Spain among a group of painters, but impressionism in Spain occurs dynamically and is more racial than doctrinal, since impressionism in Spain is defined by the preponderance of energetic and lively strokes and not like the French that were based on a sensitive and nuanced line.
In Spain, impressionism was based on capturing a moment in the free passage of time, rather than duration. In this way there was a resolution to the lighting problems through color and it was not based on the resolution of the air space. Rather, the light was captured by the vehicle of chromaticism.
In this way, Impressionism in Spain made a very great contribution to Impressionism in France, since the grayish intonation was a very important aspect for some of the works carried out by the painters Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez (1599-1660), Bartolomé Esteban Murillo (1618-1682), Francisco de Zurbarán (1598-1664), and Francisco de Goya (1746-1828), who aroused much interest among viewers of Impressionist paintings in Spain.
Then they caused a great sensation in many of the French painters, among which the French-born painter Édouard Manet (1832-1883) stands out, who was one of the painters of the Impressionist movement who came to show that Impressionism in Spain was in a golden age for which he decides to visit Spain in the year 1865 for the only time in his life and learn first-hand everything about impressionism in Spain.
The great impact that Impressionism gave in Spain caused a great revolution of Spanish painters to emerge who were applying the strategies, methods and techniques of Impressionism in Spain, but there was no application to its maximum expression, because by using loose brushstrokes it was not categorized as an influence of impressionism in Spain since it was present in the design of Spanish painting.
But it should be noted that impressionism in Spain made painters use luminous and chromatic effects in different works of art that were a true novelty in impressionism in Spain, but a generic consideration was given between the impressionists and the post-impressionists. That many painters were classified in this way in the final part of the XNUMXth century.
Many of these painters evolved into Impressionism in Spain from the movement that was called Realism, which had a very problematic name at the time. Although impressionism was also called in Spain as the luminists, which was less ambiguous. Especially among the painters who were of Valencian origin.
That they decided to name after the Valencian luminists, among which the painters Joaquín Sorolla (1863-1923), Teodoro Andreu (1870-1935) stand out. There are also other Impressionist painters in Spain who stood out, such as Darío de Regoyos (1857-1913), Ignacio Pinazo (1849-1916), Aureliano Beruete (1845-1912).
Impressionism
Impressionism was a movement that occurred in the artistic world and was defined as a set of impressionist paintings that was born from an offensive comment by the art critic Louis Leroy, before a painting entitled "The Rising Sun" made by the painter Claude Monet.
That was presented at the salon of independent artists in Paris from April 15 to May 15, 1874, this group of artists was made up of painters Camille Pissarro, Edgar Degas, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Paul Cézanne, Alfred Sisley Berthe Morisot.
The main features that will define Impressionism in Spain and France are light, color, brushstrokes and plenairism, which make it very difficult to extend even to the plastic arts such as architecture and sculpture. In this way it can be inferred that impressionism in Spain and France in the strict sense can only occur in painting, photography and cinema.
Although it should be noted that impressionism in Spain and France was going to develop from the middle of the XNUMXth century, and it was going to be characterized in broad terms by capturing light in works of art, especially in paintings, without looking for the need to find the light of what he projected in the painting. This was a pivotal point in the development of later art known as post-impressionism and the avant-gardes.
Beginnings of Impressionism in Spain
The pictorial movement known as Impressionism was born on the European continent and emerged in France and Impressionism is experienced differently in Spain and, like any artistic trend, will influence many European countries, each country having its main characteristics since many artists are giving aspects of impressionism in Spain that are not typical in other countries.
The Impressionism movement in Spain began when several artists joined together in a group known as Barbizon, before the artists of the Impressionist movement in order to express their creativity outdoors. That were reasons very different from the canons and criticisms that were accustomed by art critics.
For this reason, great importance was given to the so-called Barbizon School, since it was not a school but several artists who came together because they had the same interests and, by agreeing on several equal environments, this favored their grouping together to carry out works of art together with other artists. who traveled to the Barbizon school creating a colony of artists that became known as the Impressionism movement in Spain.
Main Characteristics of Impressionism in Spain
The painters who understood the techniques of impressionism in Spain, understood that reality was a becoming and the works for the artists are the things that seem to be and not how they should be. For which many artists opened their sensory perception of the moment and recorded that the moment of a painting must be recorded by the speed in this way the main elements and characteristics of Impressionism in Spain are:
Light as a fundamental interest
The impressionists who based their paintings on a fundamental point of light was a study that was based on the pictorial technique, since many of the impressionist painters understood that colors are not a property of objects but the result of the clash of light. sunlight on matter.
Before light had been studied as a symbol of divinity and knowledge in Gothic art, in the same way light was studied as a plastic element to achieve volume in naturalistic and unlikely representations of the Renaissance and classicism.
Since the artists who were based on impressionism relied on light as the center of interest and in this way they focused on representing the different effects that light gave to the work, that is why light is studied as a phenomenon in the behavior. While it is interacting with the different objects found in the painting.
All these techniques, strategies and characteristics used by the various artists made Impressionism in Spain become an art phenomenon.
New framing and point of view
Several artists who dedicated themselves to the study of the angles in the various works of art, were always looking for the best perspective and the best frames so that the viewer can see a work of art from various points of view.
Since by that time photography remained direct and classic since the Renaissance, but new angles and approaches were already beginning to change. That is why the artists who were based on impressionism decided to break with the canons imposed by the art society by seeing the main frames of the work of art and decided to make unexpected frames of the works of art.
Abandonment of the correct drawing
In the Academy, a perfect drawing had to be made to comply with the art standards when making a work of art, but the artists who were based on impressionism in Spain instead of using a delineated and exact line and the impressionist artists projected the line in volumes coloring directly what revealed great knowledge and mastery in these artists.
While other artists continued to use the lines such as Toulouse-Lautrec or Edgar Degas, but not as defined as it should be in the drawing patterns but with a slightly more nervous rhythm that had several reviews and many impressions on top.
Color overlay on the canvas
In the technique of impressionism in Spain the artists who are based on impressionism were not obliged to mix their colors on the palette. That is why many artists decided to free themselves from this step and went out to draw in the open air in search of new forms of luminosity for the work they were doing, since they had learned new knowledge about optical theory.
That is why the artists who were based on the theory of the impressionists began to mix the colors on the same canvas to find the exact color in the work of art.
This technique was achieved through two methods, the first was mixing one color on top of the other and the second was to use the primary colors one very close to the other so that when they were observed in the distance, the vibration they made generated the perception of the color they needed. in the artwork.
Brush strokes, brush strokes and dots
One of the objectives in the impressionism of Spain was to superimpose the colors as quickly as possible on the work of art in order to capture the effect of light that was going to be produced on the painting.
That is why the Impressionist artists preferred to use direct brushstrokes, and many times they made the works of art with thick strokes or with brushstrokes to give a better finish and that light has a greater effect on the work of art. They also made use of overlapping to be able to create mass with more volume in the painting.
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Absence of finishes and suppression of details in favor of the whole
In the paintings, the light phenomena were circumstantial and brief, which is why the Spanish Impressionist painters were in need of suppressing the details that were so admired in past times that they should have been used with the purpose of favoring the overall observation of the construction site.
In Impressionism in Spain, the painters were focused on seeking that the painting had fine and exact finishes, but the lines were left open and unfinished, while the textures were resigned to being porous and when there were lines in the painting, they were reviewed or left unconnected. .
Psychology also participates a little in this, since when viewing the work the spectator's brain begins to register all these details and what he will be able to observe will be a delimited image of the painting, as long as the work is looked at as a whole .
Casual or inconsequential topics
In the schemes before impressionism and other artistic movements arose, the contents that were going to be represented had to be moments that had some justification and gave value to the artistic work. Since when painting a nude woman it should be equal to or better than Venus. She was never meant to be just a simple woman. Death could not be something heroic or transcendent and the landscapes were made as an intonation of other times or other worlds.
While the Impressionist artists of Spain left behind all these stereotypes of paintings and began to recognize the reality that they had in front of them by painting it, since when painting a nude woman it was only a nude woman and nothing more.
A very clear example of this characteristic of Impressionism in Spain is when Olympia was painted in a painting where the artist was inspired by the well-known painting of Venus of Urbino, made by Titian in the XNUMXth century. What the Impressionist artist did was change the attributes of Venus for those of a prostitute woman.
In the cities they were modified to show an industrial landscape, where representations of people, subways, cars and highways were made. In addition to other characteristics such as the parties, the meals, the bohemian life, the park, the rehearsals, the orchestra pit, the horse races, the bets, the boulevard...
Although it should be noted that this was done not to dignify these themes, but rather to ratify the importance of the language used to bring the viewer a clear work of art without having the excuse of making a good painting, since the theme is not so important but to represent it in the best way.
Main Representatives of Impressionism in Spain
As has been said before, impressionism in Spain has been created by a group of artists who agreed with various ideas and wanted to create paintings on the different landscapes that existed, for which the painter Carlos de Haes dedicated himself to teaching his painting techniques based on in the landscapes to several artists among which stand out:
Impressionist painter Carlos de Haes (1826-1898)
He is a Belgian who was born in the city of Brussels on January 27, 1826 and died in Spain in the city of Madrid on June 17, 1898. In life he was a Spanish painter who was of Belgian origin and offered himself to the landscape painting and was a member of the group of impressionism in Spain.
He devoted himself to making paintings in the realism style and promised to share his knowledge of painting with other artists in the so-called Landscape Chair at the Escuela Superior de la Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando in Madrid since 1857.
He was the first of seven brothers who was born into a family of financiers and merchants. But in his family there were financial problems, they decided to move to Spain in the year 1835, coming to live in the city of Malaga in this city Carlos de Haes began drawing classes by his teacher the painter Luis de la Cruz y Ríos (1776- 1853).
By the year 1850 he had a second teacher known as Joseph Quinaux (1822-1895), a Belgian painter, at that time he visited several neighboring states of Malaga and began to paint his first landscapes, in the year 1855 Carlos de Haes participated in the Antwerp Salon with various paintings.
Later he befriends Juan Federico Muntadas, who used to write poetry with him Carlos Haes, makes a painting which he called “The View in the vicinity of the Monasterio de Piedra in Aragón” Then that work of art won an award with a gold medal at the exhibition held in the year of 1858.
In the year 1857 he won a place to teach the landscaping class at the Higher School of the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando, from that moment he dedicated himself to living in the city of Madrid. A year later he wins a prize at the Spanish National Exhibition. For the year of 1860 he is chosen as the number one teacher of the Academy where he works teaching.
Between the years 1871 and 1876, he dedicated himself to giving classes to various artists on excursions in the open air, giving rise to Impressionism in Spain. This teacher came to promote campaigns to the north of Spain making several paintings of the peaks of Europe and the Basque country.
Then his vision of Impressionism in Spain spread to several countries, including the French Basque Country, Brittany, Normandy and Friesland, and the north of Holland. All these experiences that the painter Carlos de Haes had made him reflect on impressionism in Spain, making paintings based on natural landscaping that are his greatest anthology of Spanish outdoor painting.
The impressionist painter dies at 62 years of age, of pneumonia, leaving two executors in his will to decide on all his assets and paintings, for which it was arranged that a room dedicated to impressionism in Spain be made in the newly opened Museum of Modern Art since the painter Carlos Haes had 4000 thousand paintings and notes to his credit, most of which reached the Malaga Museum, the Jaime Morera Museum and finally the Prado Museum.
Aurelian Beruete (1845-1912)
Born in the city of Madrid on September 27, 1845 and died in the city of Ibid on January 5, 1912, in life he was known as an intellectual, he was also a painter and landscape painter and Spanish politician graduated from the University of Madrid in 1867 with the title of Doctor of Law.
As a painter he was trained at the well-known Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando in Madrid, being a student of the painter Carlos Haes he was part of the Impressionism group in Spain since his situation as a person of money allowed him to dedicate himself fully to painting, among his first works on landscapes is the well-known painting the recreation of Orbajosa, in which the Spanish impressionist painter recreated an imaginary villa by Galdós in his novel called Doña Perfecta.
The style of his work was based on Spanish impressionism, being a student and companion of the painter Carlos Haes, the painter Aureliano Beruete develops a very loose painting and makes several works where he portrays many landscapes that he captures in his books, among which stand out the landscapes of castile The brushstrokes that he gave greatly influenced impressionism in Spain since his works gave way to open paintings with a lot of light.
Among the most outstanding works of this Spanish painter who integrated Impressionism in Spain, the works El Tajo (Toledo), oil on canvas, 57 x 85 cm, signed, 1905, Pradera de San Isidro (La casa del deaf), oil on canvas, 62 x 103 cm, signed, 1909 and Autumn Landscape (Madrid), oil on canvas, 66 x 95 cm, signed, 1910.
Anselmo Guinea Ugalde (1854-1906)
Painter who was born in the city of Bilbao on April 1, 1854 and died in the same city on June 10, 1906, in life he was a muralist, watercolorist and painter who belonged to impressionism in Spain, he did work of great importance in Spain as were the works of art painted in the Bidebarrieta library, the Foral Palace, the Chávarri palace and as a stained glass painter in the Ibaigane palace.
He began his instruction in the city of Madrid where he attended the classes of Professor Federico Madrazo and then in 1876 he returned to his hometown to teach the drawing class at the School of Arts and Crafts, holding the same until his death. death. In the year 1890 he travels to Paris and comes across the French Impressionism movement which adopts that style and joins the group of Impressionism artists in Spain. His main works are:
- Self-portrait (CP) 1875.
- Aurresku-watercolor- (Álava Museum of Fine Arts)
- Juan Zuria swearing to defend the independence of Bizkaia (Guernica Assembly House) 1882.
- The Tarantella (Bilbao Museum of Fine Arts) 1884.
- Fisherwoman (cp) 1888.
- The towpath (cp) 1892.
- Asturians (cp) c. 1896.
- Christian (Foral Palace. Bilbao) 1897.
- Response (MNAC) 1898.
- Allegory of Bizkaia (stained glass window in the Palacio Foral de Bilbao) 1900.
- A bridge in Rome (Bilbao Museum of Fine Arts) 1904.
- Memories of Capri.
- The marriage of a pharaoh.
Adolf Guiard (1860-1916)
He is considered one of the most emblematic artists of impressionism in Spain, he was born in the city of Bilbao on April 10, 1860 and died on March 8, 1916, he is also considered the one who introduced Spanish impressionism in the Basque country.
The artist was born into a very large family because he has 14 other siblings, being the son of a French photographer named Alphonse Guiard and the mother was Juliana Larrauri. The artist began his studies on painting with the painter Antonio Lecuona in his Bilbao studio on Calle de La Cruz.
As time passed, the artist decided to go live in the city of Barcelona, and then emigrate to Paris. Where he decides to stay since 1878. He is the first artist and painter who is going to change his territory from Spain to go to Paris instead of Rome as all Spanish painters did to train as professional painters.
Having a great mastery of the French language, the painter Adolfo Guiard already had more links to the painting that was done in Paris than in Rome. For which it was one of the reasons that prompted him to go to Paris. There he was studying at the Colarossi Academy. During those years the painter was already very famous and published a work known as "La vie moderne" this work has characteristics of impressionism in Spain and was directed by Edmond Renoir, who was the painter's younger brother.
Between 1886 and 1887, the famous painter decided to return to his homeland and opened a studio to dedicate himself to teaching other students the art of landscape painting and the force of light in works of art, since they are aspects of impressionism in Spain. This will be the first study in Spain to teach the characteristics of Spanish Impressionism.
It should be noted that the painter Adolfo Guiard, establishes his residence in the city of Bakio, since he has the desire to paint outdoors. Although the landscape is done in the background because what he likes to paint are human figures doing work in the field. That's why he does green work with people working, his paintings are full of light, one of the characteristics of Impressionism in Spain.
Many art critics have expressed their ideas about the painting of Adolfo Guiard, among which Unamuno stands out, who came to affirm that in the year 1918, that the painting made by the painter is dominated by the silhouettes of the figures, since his small-sized paintings, what stands out is the painting and the lighting that are an important aspect in the impressionism of Spain. The most important works of the painter are the following:
- Of promise (The promise) (Bilbao Museum of Fine Arts).
- Little villager with the red carnation (Bilbao Museum of Fine Arts).
- The cho (Bilbao Museum of Fine Arts).
- The Harvest (Bilbao Museum of Fine Arts).
- The villager of Bakio (Bilbao Museum of Fine Arts).
- Washerwomen in the river.
- The Axpe estuary (Bilbain Society).
- On the terrace (Bilbaina Society).
- Hunters at the North Station (Bilbaina Society).
Jose Salis Camino (1863-1927)
The Painter José Salís Camino was born in the city of Santoña on December 1, 1863 and died on December 30, 1927, he is one of the Spanish painters who is recognized as the purest of Impressionism in Spain.
Since he makes a large number of paintings based on different landscapes because his themes are based on reality. The most outstanding features of his are that his paintings are clear, bright and his brush strokes are quick but very sure characteristics of impressionism in Spain.
This outstanding artist had the opportunity to train in the city of Madrid at the School of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, together with another outstanding Spanish Impressionist painter, Carlos Haes.
In 1885 he decides to go live in the city of Brussels to finish his training with the painter Antoine Van Hamme. He then decides to go to several countries, including Paris, Rome, the United Kingdom and North Africa. He to then return to Spain. And learn the techniques of the Enlightenment of Joaquín Sorolla and the work of Joaquim Mir, fundamental aspects of Impressionism in Spain.
After his death, the painter José Salina has been considered one of the best artists of his time and a reference in the use of Impressionist techniques in Spain.
Dario Regoyos (1857-1913)
He is a painter who uses the techniques of impressionism in Spain. He was born in the city of Ribadesella, on November 1, 1857 and died on October 29, 1913, being one of the main Spanish painters with a late impressionist style.
The painter began painting together with his father Darío Regoyos Morenillo, an engineer and architect, a native of Valladolid, who was fond of painting. This one starts at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando. But his father dies and the painter Darío Regoyos enrolls in the course of introduction to landscape taught by the professor and I paint Carlo is one of the main promoters of Impressionism in Spain.
In 1879 he decides to travel to Brussels accompanied by his friends Isaac Albéniz and Enrique Fernández Arbós, since they were going to receive the Royal Conservatory of Brussels award with "Distinction" and "Excellence", in the city of Brussels he meets Joseph Quinaux. And he becomes his disciple to learn about artistic modernity.
Over time, the painter Darío Regoyos was considered by art critics and artists to be a master of light and smell referred to the paintings of the moment, since he revealed many techniques learned from impressionism in Spain with this he was able to leave the technique of pointillism and delve into the impressionism that was making its way at the time.
The painter currently has several paintings in different museums on the European continent, among which the following museums stand out: the Bilbao Fine Arts Museum, the MNAC in Barcelona and the Carmen Thyssen Museum in Malaga.
The pictorial stage of the painter Darío Regoyos could be summed up in statements by the same painter who came to affirm the following in the French magazine Mercure de France in 1905.
"If I were to start my life over again, I would use a light palette again, without earth, without black, and I would only do landscape, giving myself completely to the impressions I received from nature"
Darío de Regoyos, Survey on current trends in the plastic arts
In this way the artist was able to capture the techniques of impressionism in Spain in many of his paintings. Although many of his works, what will predominate is the landscape and nature, but introducing human figures to give a touch of life to the work.
Francisco Gimeno (1858-1927)
The painter named Francisco Gimeno Arasa was born in the city of Tortosa on February 4, 1858 and died in Barcelona on November 22, 1927. He dedicated himself to making various paintings and was one of the representatives of Impressionism in Spain. He loved to draw and paint his works that were colorful and bright, in which he stood out was in portraits and self-portraits, he also has many works in which he painted landscapes using the techniques of impressionism in Spain.
Currently there are many works by the painter in various museums, among which the following stand out: the National Art Museum of Catalonia (Barcelona), the Prado National Museum in Madrid, the Montserrat Museum and the Víctor Balaguer Museum Library.
Ramon Casas (1866-1932)
The present painter was born in the city of Barcelona on January 04, 1866 and died on February 29, 1932, he was an outstanding and famous Spanish painter who made several works and portraits of the elite of Spain, among which figures of the political, cultural, intellectual and economic sphere of Spanish society.
Although he also worked as a graphic designer at the time, his work was recognized as Catalan modernism. The young painter decides to leave school and went to study painting with Juan Vicens Cots. While still very young, in 1881 he founded the magazine L'Avenç. An October 09. The following years he dedicated himself to traveling and painting before returning to Spain.
In the year 1890, the painter made a sample of his works of art where his works were to be found in the middle of a path between the academic style and impressionism in Spain. Although later his style emerged as a modernist style that was not yet very developed
In the year 1900 his fame was growing and the Paris committee selected two of his most valuable works, which were two portraits, the first was a portrait of Eric Satie and another of Casas's sister, where he won the prize known as El Garrote VII. . Although his style went through many techniques he was a representative of impressionism in Spain for a long time.
Santiago Rusiñol Prats (1861-1931)
The well-known Spanish-born painter Santiago Rusiñol y Prats was born in the city of Barcelona, Spain, on February 25, 1861 and died in the Municipality of Aranjuez on June 13, 1931. He was a person who devoted himself to many artistic activities, including which include the Spanish painter, writer and playwright in the Catalan language.
He was born into a family dedicated to industrial textile work. While his brother devoted himself to studies in politics and business, the artist began to study painting at the watercolor center in Barcelona and became a disciple of Tomás Moragas.
In 1889, the painter decided to travel to Paris where he lived with the painters Ramón Casas and Ignacio Zuloaga. At that time he is dedicated to the study and design of outdoor works. At that time he learns French Impressionism techniques and applies new nuances in the so-called Spanish Impressionism.
While in Spain, he founded his workshop to teach and design works of art known as Sitges. With the passing of time, he founded a museum workshop that he baptized Cau Ferrat and began to frequent the city of Barcelona and began to engage in gatherings at the famous Els Quatre Gats café. Since his social position is high and his economy allows him to live comfortably. On that site he begins to exchange ideas about Impressionism in Spain.
In 1908, the painter won the medal known as the National Exhibition of Fine Arts, since he was influenced by the techniques of impressionism in Spain and the theme of landscapes. Both in urban and rural areas. He also dedicates himself to making works of art of self-portraits and portraits. As well as symbolic compositions based on the new modernist inspirations of the moment.
It is important to highlight that at the beginning of the painter's artistic career he was only based on painting self-portraits and human figures and at the end of his stage he focused more on painting landscapes, especially on real landscapes such as the sites of Aranjuez and the farm using impressionism techniques. in Spain.
On June 13, 2006, a tribute was paid to the painter 75 years after his death in the cities of Aranjuez and Sitges with many cultural events highlighting several of his works focused on landscaping with Impressionist techniques in Spain.
Martin Rico (1833-1908)
Painter Martín Rico was born in the Municipality of Escorial on November 12, 1833 and died on April 13, 1908. One of the Spanish painters who specialized in painting focused on landscape themes, he was trained in the so-called school of barbizon in France that had its heyday between the 1830s and 1870s.
He was born into a family of artists and began his studies at the San Fernando School of Fine Arts, he was a disciple of the teacher and painter Jenaro Pérez Villaamil.
Along with his brother, they worked together in the area of drawer and engraver, reaching the position of artistic director of the Spanish and American Illustration.
In the year of 1854 he already has several knowledges about the realization of outdoor paintings and his style is based on the use of the techniques of Impressionism in Spain. At the same time he begins a set of trips throughout the European continent, among which the following countries stand out: Paris, Switzerland, England and Italy.
In the year 1907 he decides to publish a book recounting all his memories which he titled "Recuerdos de mi vida" dedicated to one of his best friends, the painter and landscape painter Aureliano de Beruete, also a painter and one of the main artists of impressionism in Spain. Among the author's main works include:
- Banks of the Azañón (1858), Prado Museum.
- Sierra del Guadarrama (1869). NewarkMuseum.
- A Summer's Day on the Seine (1870-1875), Museo Carmen Thyssen Málaga
- Mouth of the Bidasoa (c. 1865) Prado Museum.
- Ladies Tower (1871-72), Prado Museum.
- The Riva degli Schiavoni in Venice (1873), Prado Museum.
- The Entrance to the Grand Canal (1877) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.
- Courtyard of the Palace of the Doges of Venice, 1883, Banco Santander Foundation.
- Alcalá de Guadaira (h. 1890), Prado Museum.
- View of Venice (h. 1900), Prado Museum.
- A Canal in Venice (1906), Brooklyn Museum of Art.
- Self-portrait (1908) Paris, Michel Rico collection.
- San Lorenzo River with the bell tower San Giorgio dei Greci, Venice (1900), Museo Carmen Thyssen Málaga
- Peasants (1862), Museo Carmen Thyssen Málaga
- Views of the Sanctuary of Covadonga (1856), Museum of Fine Arts of Asturias.
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