Ukwazi ukuthutha okuthengiswayo, ngokungangabazeki, kube usizo olukhulu eminyakeni edlule, yingakho kulesi sihloko sikumema ukuba wazi yonke imininingwane ehambisana Ukuthutha kwe-Multimodal futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, nezinye izindlela zokuthutha okuthengiswayo.
Yonke imininingwane
Multimodal Transport eMexico
Waziwa ngaphansi kwegama lika Ukuthutha kwe-Multimodal kulokho kukhuluma okukhona phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezokuthutha, lokhu ukuze ukwazi ukwenza ngendlela esheshayo nephumelelayo imisebenzi ehlukene yokudlulisa izinto kanye nempahla edayiswayo.
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho kulesi sihloko sikumema ukuthi wazi ngayinye yemininingwane emangalisayo futhi ethokozisayo ehambisana Multimodal Transport eMexico nokunye okuningi
Ukuthutha kwe-Multimodal
Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, i- Ukuthutha kwe-Multimodal Akuyona into engaphezu kwenkulumo lapho uhlobo ngalunye lwezokuthutha luvunyelwe ukwaziwa, lokhu ngenjongo yodwa yokukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yokudlulisa izimpahla nezinto zokwakha ngendlela elula kakhulu.
Kubalulekile futhi ukusho ukuthi kwaziwa njengokudluliswa kwezinto ezithengiswayo ukusuka endaweni okuvela kuyo ukuya endaweni, ukukwazi ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuthutha ezingaphezu kweyodwa, okungukuthi: umhlaba, ulwandle, umfula, umoya. Konke lokhu emazweni ngamazwe, ukusebenzisana ngokubambisana nezinkontileka zokuthutha ezimisiwe kuye ngesimo ngasinye.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, kungenzeka ukwazi ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ukudluliswa kokuthutha kusuka kwenye indlela yokuthutha kuya kwenye ngaphandle kokubala ekuphathweni kwezinto ezithengiswayo kuzophumelela, ngakho-ke, ngeke kube khona ukuphuka kweyunithi yezimpahla. Ngamanye amazwi, okuthengiswayo akukwazi ukuhlukaniswa noma nini.
Imininingwane eminingi
Ngokufanayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwamatheminali amakhulu amachweba kuzokwazi ukuhlala exhunywe umgwaqo, ujantshi kanye nomfula inqobo nje uma kuyizikhungo zokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa, okuholele intuthuko enkulu ye-"Multimodal Transport" eminyakeni embalwa edlule. .
Ukwengeza kulokhu, kubalulekile ukukhumbula njalo ukuthi idokhumenti yokuthutha eyodwa ye-multimodal kumele isetshenziswe: I-Bill of Lading (FBL), ukwazi ukuthi i-bill of lading futhi ngayo umuntu unolwazi lomthamo wezinto zokuhamba. ukuthatha indima yenkampani yenethiwekhi. Lo mbhalo usebenza kuzo zonke izithuthi.
Inhlangano Yezokuthutha Zamazwe Ngamazwe
Mayelana neNhlangano Yezokuthutha Zamazwe Ngamazwe noma a Ukuthutha kwe-Multimodal okusebenza ukuvikela uhambo ngokusebenza ukusuka endaweni kuze kufike lapho uya khona kube yinye edinga izinto zokuhamba ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezihlukene, ezizokwazi ukusebenza ezindaweni ezahlukene zomhlaba futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ezehlukene. kuzokhishwa izinkontileka Ukuthutha kwe-Multimodal kuya ngesisetshenziswa esisetshenziswayo.
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho okuthiwe ezokuthutha zihlanganisa isevisi egunyazwe ngokusemthethweni nge-Logistics Operator, i-ejensi noma umthumeli wempahla futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ophethe ukukwazi ukuhlanganisa impahla edayiswayo esuke iqala lapho ukuya endaweni yokugcina. .
Kulolu hambo, kuzochazwa izindlela ezahlukene zokuthutha noma, ngamanye amazwi, ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Kodwa-ke, lokho kuvame ukungaziwa ekhasimendeni, njengoba kungu-opharetha ophethe ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kwenkonzo futhi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kusetshenziswa izindlela ezehlukene phakathi nohambo, okumele kubhekwe njengo. Ukuthutha kwe-Multimodal kumele ihambisane nalokhu okulandelayo:
izimfuno a Ukuthutha kwe-Multimodal
Njengoba sike sasho esikhathini esedlule, nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi kunendlela yokuthutha engaphezu kweyodwa, ukuze kubhekwe njengendlela yokuthutha. Ukuthutha kwe-Multimodal Imininingwane embalwa ebalulekile kufanele inakwe. Kungakho zizoshiwo ngezansi ukuze ngale ndlela ukwazi ukuzigcina engqondweni:
- Kumelwe ube nedokhumenti yokuthutha eyodwa eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi i-FIATA Bill of Lading (FBL) futhi ngaphezu kwalokhu, ku-Intermodal Transport, uthe umbhalo usetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuthutha ezisetshenziswayo.
- Ngokuqondene nokuthengiswayo noma impahla, kufanele ihlale ihlangene kahle njengoba ilethwe ngesikhathi sokuqala, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuyihlukanisa ngamaqembu amancane. Ake sicabange ukuthi iloli eliphelele liyaziwa, kulokhu ngeke kwenzeke iqoqo emalolini amabili njengoba kungenakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa umthwalo.
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho incazelo evamile yalolu hlobo lwezokuthutha ingekho ngaphezu kwethuba lokufeza ukudluliswa kwempahla eningi, kanye nokwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokuthutha yasekhaya ye-multimodal.
Ngakho-ke, incazelo yomhlaba wonke ehambisana ne-multimodality ihlukaniswe ngezokuthutha ezihamba nge-intermodal (okuyilokhu lapho kusetshenziswa isilinganiso esisodwa somthwalo) kanye nezokuthutha ezihlanganisiwe (okuyilapho okuthengiswayo kuhanjiswa khona ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene kodwa njalo ngaphakathi kolayini wokuthutha).
Izici Zokuthutha
Uma usucabangele ngayinye yezidingo ezihambisana ne ezokuthutha eziningi, Isikhathi esifanele sokubheka isici ngasinye esihambisanayo, ukuze kube lula nakakhulu ukuhlonza lesi sigaba sezokuthutha. Okulandelayo, sizishiya ezandleni zakho:
- Kudingeka inkontileka eyodwa kuphela.
- Ukufinyelela kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe.
- Awukho umkhawulo webanga.
- Izindlela zokuthutha ezahlukene.
- Ukulandelela okuthengiswayo.
Yiziphi Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko kanye Nemibi yalolu hlobo Lwezokuthutha?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka yonke imininingwane edingekayo mayelana nalolu hlobo lwezokuthutha, yingakho ngemuva kokubheka lezi zici ezishiwo ngenhla, kufanele wazi zonke Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko kanye Nemibi Ukuthutha kwe-Multimodal.
Izinzuzo
- Okokuqala, kungenzeka ukusho ukuthi kunciphisa izindleko nezikhathi zokuhamba kusethi yokusebenza.
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsebenzisi othatha ingozi encane yokulahlekelwa noma ukwebiwa kokuthengiswayo, ngakho unomxhumanisi oyedwa kuphela.
- Ngokuqondene ne-FBL, ithanda kakhulu imali engenayo kanye nokuvunyelwa kwentela.
- Uma sibala uhlelo lomhlaba wonke lomzila kanye nezindleko zezomnotho zomuntu kanye nezokusebenza, zilula ngempela.
nebubi
- Naphezu kwakho konke, kungenzeka futhi ukuhlangabezana nemikhawulo esemthethweni nefanelekile ekusebenzeni kwezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe.
- Mayelana nokuphepha, kuhlala kuphezulu futhi ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene ezindaweni zokugcina kuqhubeka nokukhawulela ukusebenza.
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akukho mbono ophelele we ezokuthutha eziningi, Yingakho ingekho ingqalasizinda eguqula ukusebenza kwe-multimodal kube indlela elula yokuyenza.
- Ukukhuluma ngesakhiwo sesidingo, ukuntuleka kwesinxephezelo sokugeleza kusilela ngokuphelele, okuthinta ukungena okufanele kweziqukathi ngaphakathi.
Injani i-Multimodal Transport futhi uyini Umthelela wayo Wezomthetho?
Kuyaziwa ukuthi i- Ukuthutha kwe-Multimodal Isetshenzelwa ngokufanelekile ngenxa yezivumelwano ezihlukahlukene zamazwe ngamazwe, ngakho ziqondiswa ukuthi kuzoba yini ukuzibophezela kanye nemikhawulo enomthelela kumphathi wezokuthutha.
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho izivumelwano ezenziwayo mayelana nokuthuthwa kwezindlela ezihlukene zingaguquli ngempela noma yimaphi amaqembu, nokho-ke, isibopho senkampani yenethiwekhi sibuswa ngesikhathi kunokwephulwa kwenkontileka.
Izinhlobo Zokuhlanganisa
Kuyacatshangelwa ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zithuthwa kanjani, okungenani izinyunyana ezimbili zalezi zigaba zezokuthutha ezilandelayo ezibalwe ngezansi ziyohlala zisetshenziswa. Ngokuya ngebanga noma umzila, umhlinzeki wezokuthutha noma iklayenti, njalo ngokuya ngolwazi lwabo, bazokwazi ukukhetha inketho engcono kakhulu ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko kanye nesikhathi esilinganiselwe sokulethwa kokuthengiswayo.
Yilapho-ke ngezansi sizokushiya eduze Izinhlobo Zenhlanganisela ezokwaziwa uma usebenza ne Ukuthutha kwe-Multimodal nokuthi ngale ndlela, ukwazi ngokugcwele ukuzibona ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
#1 Ezokuthutha Ezweni
Kuyinto ezokuthutha efunwa kakhulu futhi esetshenziswa kakhulu kunazo zonke, lokhu-ke, kusekelwe ekuthuthweni kwephuzu kuya kwephuzu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimoto ezihamba phansi lapho kungenzeka khona ukusuka kumaveni amancane okulethwa kulawo ma-mega-truck noma ama-trailer. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, yizokuthutha ezihamba phansi, zona, zihlukaniswe zibe izincwadi, iqoqo kanye nokuthunyelwa kwemithwalo egcwele.
#2 I-Multimodal Transport: Ezokuthutha Zasolwandle
Ngokuqondene nezokuThutha Zasolwandle, yiyona ekhonjiswa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokwenza umzila omude, olungele ukuthunyelwa phakathi kwamazwekazi.
Yingakho lokhu kuyindlela yokuthutha esetshenziswa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekuhambeni kwamanye amazwe, ukuze kufezeke, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezikebhe zingasetshenziswa.
#3 Ezokuthutha Zomoya
Iyindlela ephumelela kakhulu kodwa futhi ebiza kakhulu, ngakho enye yezinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko ukuthi itholakala ngokushesha futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi sokuhamba sokulethwa sifushane. Kungenzeka ukuthumela noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuthengiswayo kunoma iyiphi indawo ngosuku olulodwa nje.
#4 I-Multimodal Transport: Ezokuthutha I-Ferroviario
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, baye babhekana nokwenyuka kwesidingo sabo, lokhu-ke kunciphise intengo yezokuthutha futhi kusheshisa kakhulu izikhathi ezihlukahlukene zokulethwa ngesikhathi lapho kuziwa ekuthuthweni kwamabanga amade kakhulu. .
Ukubaluleka kwe Ukuthutha kwe-Multimodal
Kuyaziwa ukuthi i- Ukuthutha kwe-Multimodal Inezinga elikhulu lokubaluleka, futhi hhayi nje ngoba inezindleko ezishibhile, kodwa ibaluleke ngempela njengoba umuntu oyiqashayo akudingeki abe nolwazi olubanzi oluhambisana nokusebenza kwayo.
Yingakho kwaziwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kuvumela, ezingeni lezohwebo, yonke inqubo ibe lula ngaphandle kokuthi kudingeke ngempela ukuthi iphendukele kubaxhumanisi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, yilapho-ke ukubaluleka okukhulu kulele kulolu hlobo lwezokuthutha.
Enye imininingwane evamile ye- Ukuthutha kwe-Multimodal ukuthi ngenxa yezindlela zabo zokudlulisa, kungenzeka ukuthi bajwayelane nomzila odingekayo kuye ngohlobo lokuthengiswayo okuphethwe kanye nokulethwa kokugcina.
Njengoba sike sasho ngaphambili, kunomehluko omkhulu ezimotweni nasezinhlotsheni zezokuthutha ukuze ukwazi ukwenza izinhlanganisela ezizuzisa kakhulu izinhlangothi zombili.
Imininingwane eminingi
Ngokufanayo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi namuhla abathumeli bempahla yibona abadlala indima enkulu kulolu hlobo lwezokuthutha, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bathwala umthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu phakathi kwendima yabathwali futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu lezokuthutha. abathwali basolwandle abakwazile ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi wabo kwezokuthutha ezihlukene ezikwazi ukunikeza amakhasimende abo insizakalo yokulethwa kwendlu ngendlu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, labo bathuthi basolwandle banekhono lokuhlinzeka ngezinto zokuhamba kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwezinsiza zomthengisi noma umthumeli wempahla edayiswayo kuze kufike iklayenti noma umthengi. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani ukuthunyelwa kweziqukathi ze-multimodal kubaluleke kakhulu.
Naphezu kwalokhu, akufanele kukhohlwe ukuthi i-multimodal ayaziwa njengendlela yokuthutha engahlomisa ukuthuthwa kweziqukathi futhi akukhona okushiwo ngenhla okudingekayo ukuze kusebenze.
I-Multimodal Transport Operator
Ngokuqondene nesihloko se-Multimodal Transport Operator noma eyaziwa nangokuthi i-OTM, yisona esinikezwa umuntu onquma ukwenza isihloko ngokwakhe noma intela yenkontileka Ezokuthutha Eziningi; umuntu uyakwazi ukuzethula njengengxenye eyinhloko futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, akasebenzi njenge-ejenti ngakho-ke akenzi izenzo egameni lomthumeli noma abathwali abanquma ukubamba iqhaza emisebenzini yezokuthutha.
Yingakho ngokuyisisekelo, i-OTM okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla yiyo ethatha ingxenye enkulu yesibopho sokuthuthukiswa kwenkontileka. Uma ulwazi olwabiwe kulesi sihloko lube lusizo olukhulu kuwe, sikumema ukuthi ubheke nalokhu okunye mayelana Indlela Yokuxoxisana Ngesikweletu? Imiyalo Ephakeme!