Ukuhleka - lokho kubonakaliswa kobungane ebusweni sonke esikubona ngeso lengqondo ngokuvusa igama - kuyinto sonke esicabanga ukuthi siyazi kahle. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwalesi nkulumo kunezimbangela eziningi ezingokomzwelo, ezenhlalakahle, ezingokwengqondo ngisho ne-pathological ezikhuthazayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayigcini nje kubantu, iyabonakala nakwezinye izilwane ezifana nezimfene, izinja ngisho namagundane.
Uhleko luyimpendulo engokomzimba ezisusa zangaphandle nezangaphakathi ezidala imizwa, okungadingeki ukuthi kube injabulo.. Ziningi ezinye izizathu zokuhleka, ngakho kulesi sihloko sizochaza ukuthi kungani sihleka nokuthi ziyini. Izinhlobo zokuhleka nencazelo yazo.
Kuyini ukuhleka?
Ukuhleka kuyimpendulo engokomzimba eqalwa izisusa zangaphandle nezangaphakathi ezidala imizwa.. Lowo mzwelo noma amandla adinga ukukhululwa ngumzimba futhi "ukuvuza" kwenzeka ngokuhleka.
Kuwukubonakaliswa kobuso okwenziwa lula yimisipha yobuso, lapho kuhileleka khona ukunyakaza okuningi futhi okudume kakhulu okomlomo, izihlathi namehlo. Iphakamisa ukukhishwa kochungechunge lwemisindo elandelanayo yethoni efanayo ephindwa njalo ngama-millisecond angama-210.
Ishintsha uhlelo lokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya) futhi lapho ukuhleka kuqotho kungashintsha nesimiso samathumbu (inkulumo edumile ethi "isisu sami sibuhlungu ngokuhleka"), okubangela ukubomvu kwezihlathi namehlo amanzi, konke okubuswa yi-autonomic. isimiso sezinzwa.
Izindawo zobuchopho ezihilelekile ekuhlekeni
Ukuhleka - njenganoma iyiphi impendulo yomzimba - kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi sikuthola njengento elula futhi ezenzakalelayo. Kuhilela ukusebenza kwezindawo eziningi zobuchopho, ukuguqulwa kwezinhlelo zokuphefumula ezishiwo kakade kanye ne-gastrointestinal, futhi kuhambisana nokukhululwa kwamahomoni ahlukene.
Izindlela zemizwa ezenziwa kusebenze ngesikhathi sokuhleka zihlukile kuye ngohlobo lokuhleka okwenzekayo.. Ngokuvamile, singasho ukuthi kunezindawo ezintathu zobuchopho eziyinhloko ezihilelekile ekuphumeni kokuhleka: Indawo ka-Wernicke, uhlelo lokuvuza, kanye ne-prefrontal cortex. Ukuxhumana kwalezi zindawo kudinga ukubamba iqhaza kwezinye izifunda, njenge-hippocampus, i-basal ganglia, ne-Nucleus Accumbens.
- El Lena indawo ka-Wernicke Yindawo eyinhloko yokuqonda ulimi, ukusebenza kwayo okuyisisekelo ekusebenzelaneni nabantu, okuzoba -phakathi kokunye- izimo ezikhuthaza ukuhleka.
- El indawo ye-prefrontal ibandakanyeka ekuthathweni kwezinqumo nasekuvinjweni ngokuzithandela kwezinye izimpendulo, njengokugwema ukuhleka ezimweni ezingafanele zenhlalo yomphakathi.
- El i-hippocampus kuyadingeka ukuthi siphendukele kwinkumbulo ye-biographical ezosenza sixhumanise inkumbulo nesikhuthazo esitholiwe futhi "sinqume" ukuthi kuyahlekisa noma cha.
- Futhi i i-basal ganglia y i-nucleus accumbens Ziyizifunda zesistimu ye-limbic ebandakanyeka ekucubungulweni nasekukhiqizeni imizwa, okuyisisekelo sokuvusa injabulo, ukunengeka, njll. lokho kungabangela ukuhleka (ngoba umuntu angaphinde ahleke ngenxa yokunengeka noma ukucasuka, njengoba sizobona emigqeni elandelayo).
- El uhlelo lokuvuza -njengoba igama layo lisho- iqoqo lezifunda ezihilelekile ekukhiqizeni impendulo egculisayo ekuvuseleleni ubuchopho obuhlola njengomvuzo wesidingo noma ukulangazelela, ngaleyo ndlela kukhiqiza umuzwa wenhlalakahle noma ububanzi. Icushwa yizo zombili izidingo zomzimba (njengokudla, ukuchama, njll.) kanye nemizwa (isisusa esihlekisayo esisenza sihleke, isibonelo) futhi kuzo zonke izimo lo muzwa wokwaneliseka nokuphila kahle ubangelwa amahomoni zikhishwa ngomphumela wokuqaliswa kwalolu hlelo, okuyilezi: the i-dopamine, i-endorphins y i-oxytocin.
Ezinye izilwane ezingezona abantu nazo ziyahleka
Ufunda kahle, ukuhleka akuyona impendulo yomuntu kuphela. Kuye kwabonakala ukuthi ezinye izilwane ezinamakhono omphakathi athuthukile nazo ziyahleka, njenge izimfene, Los izinja noma i amagundane Sonke emcabangweni ohlangene sinenkumbulo yalezi zilwane zihleka emakhoneni azo ezibonisa amazinyo azo, ngezinye izikhathi, ahlekisayo futhi inqwaba yama-meme alezi zilwane "ezihlekayo" ezijikelezayo kumanethiwekhi.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezilwaneni ukuhleka akuyona njalo ukubonakaliswa cordiality noma injabulo, kwezinye izimo (futhi lokhu kubonakale kakhulu kuza izinkawu) ukuhleka okubonisa amazinyo is a uphawu lolaka kanye nokumaka indawo. Kunoma ikuphi -kuhlanganise nabantu - ukuhleka kusebenza "njengeglue yomphakathi" njengoba kuyindlela yokuxhumana phakathi kwabantu eguqula amandla omphakathi.
Izinzuzo zokuhleka
Ukuhleka kuthuthukisa impilo, ngokungangabazeki. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukuhleka (okwangempela) kuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba futhi andise ukuphila. Ngokuphathelene nalokhu kwakamuva, kunezimpikiswano ezithile, kodwa okusobala ukuthi uma ukuhleka kuthuthukisa impilo, maningi amathuba okuba siphile isikhathi eside futhi sibe nempilo engcono.
Eqinisweni, ukuhleka kusetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokwelapha kanye ne ukwelapha ukuhleka ezimweni ezithile zomtholampilo ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo yeziguli. Sikubona kumayunithi omdlavuza wezingane avame ukwenziwa opopayi ama-clown, ezikhungweni zabantu abadala, njll. Ukuhleka kudala umoya wokujabula odambisa ukungezwani futhi kwenze idrama ingabi yidrama, ekufanelekele ukuphindiselwa emuva.
Kubonakale ukuthi kusiza ukulwa nokukhathazeka nokucindezeleka, kuvimbela izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, kuthuthukise ukujikeleza kwegazi, kusebenze ubuchopho futhi kuthuthukise ubudlelwano nabanye kanye nawe ngokwakho.
Ukuhleka kunomsebenzi womphakathi ovelele
Kokubili kubantu nakwezinye izilwane, ukuhleka kufeza umsebenzi oyinhloko futhi okungukuthi ukwenza njenge umgqugquzeli wobudlelwano bomphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ukuhleka sekufinyelele ezinsukwini zethu ngoba kuyindlela yokuzivumelanisa nomphakathi.
Kuyindlela yokuxhumana yokudlulisa ukuzwelana, ukunganaki noma inzondo, kanye nokudala ukukhangwa ngokocansi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhleka ezinemisebenzi eyahlukene kuye komongo futhi yingakho sizokucacisa ngezansi. izinhlobo zokuhleka nencazelo yazo
Izinhlobo zokuhleka nencazelo yazo
Okulandelayo sizobona ukuthi ukuhleka kungadalwa yizisusa ezinhle noma ezimbi, kungaba usizo (ngenhloso) futhi kungase kube umphumela we-pathology engaphansi.
Hleka kusukela esiswini noma oqotho
Kucatshangwa uhlobo oluqotho kakhulu lokuhleka. Kubuye kube nzima kakhulu ukukuzwa, njengoba kuthatha isikhuthazo esimnandi ngempela ukuqala ukuhleka kusuka esiswini nokuhefuzela, okuyikhona okuphawula lolu hlobo lokuhleka. Njengomphumela wokusabela okuhle ngokomzwelo, kunezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo.
ukuhleka
Kuwukubonakaliswa okukhulu kakhulu kokuhleka okuqotho. "Kuqhuma ukuhleka" ngoba isisusa "sisithinte ngokomzwelo" ngendlela enamandla kakhulu. Ukuduma kwalokhu kuhlekwa kungenxa yokuthi uma sihleka sikhipha umoya noma simunca ngamakhala. Itholakala cishe ngamaphesenti angama-25 abesifazane kanye nama-33% amadoda.
uhleko lwefatuous
Kuhlekwe akunalutho okuvela ngaphandle komongo futhi ngaphandle kwesisusa esikucasulayo. Ingabe ingane y ngokuyisisekelo, futhi kaningi engafanele. Kuhambisana nokuziphatha kwesici okusekelwe ekugubheni amahlombe, ukuvala umlomo nokuzama ukufihla. Ibonakaliswa ngabantu abanokulimala kobuchopho noma i-psychosis ebukhali.
Indlela yokuziphatha noma ukuhleka komphakathi
Kuyinto insini esebenza njengendlela yokuzivumelanisa nomphakathi. Kuvela emsebenzini noma ezimweni zobungane lapho ukuhleka kusebenza njenge-ejenti eqinisa ubudlelwano, hhayi ngokuphendula into ehlekisayo. Kuhlekwe nje ukungena eqenjini lokuxhumana.
Uhleko oluthelelanayo
Imizwa iyathathelana ngakho-ke ukuhleka nakho. I-Las isibuko se-neurons ingaphendula kulesi simo senhlalo lapho uhleko luqhutshekwa eqenjini kusukela ekuhlekeni kokuqala okukubangelayo. Kuyasihlekisa ukubona umuntu ehleka, sonke sike sabhekana nakho.
ukuhleka okungalawuleki
Kuwuhleko oluvuka ngokungalawuleki kumuntu olukhiphayo, ukuze kuthi uma seliqalile, lube Awukwazi ukuyeka. Ikhula kancane kancane ngomfutho futhi iholele esimweni esingavamile se "i-syncope yesimo".
Ukuhleka ukuqeda ingcindezi
Iqala ngokuzenzakalelayo kuhlekwe isisu kodwa ayiphenduli esivuselelweni esihlekisayo kodwa esimweni esicindezelayo. Kupsychology lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi "impumuzo yamahlaya" futhi umsebenzi kuleli cala ucacile: ukukhulula ukungezwani komzimba lapho kubhekene nobunzima obukhona.
Uhleko oluthukile
Kuvela ngesizathu esifanayo nesedlule, kuphela ukuthi kuwukuhleka okungalawuleki. Iphendula iziqephu zokukhathazeka futhi iphakamisa umzamo wokungazi kwethu ukunciphisa ingcindezi njengoba injalo.
athule ahleke
Kungacatshangwa ukuthi kuwuhlobo lokuhleka oluvela ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwakho endaweni lapho ukuhleka kungafaneleki khona. Kepha akukhona lokho okukhulunywa ngakho, "ukuhleka kwamahlaya", uhlobo lokuhleka olunikeza uhlobo lokuphumula olungamema ukukhishwa kokuhleka emphakathini. Isetshenziswa ngezikhathi ukwelapha ukuhleka futhi futhi emakilasini ukuhleka yoga.
ukuhleka kwe-sardonic
Kuhlekwe lokho Kuvela njengomphumela wokugedla kobuso futhi umuntu okubonisayo akahleki empeleni. Kwenzeka ezigulini ezithola inkontileka i-tetanus, lapho ukutheleleka nge-toxin ye-tetanus bacteria kubangela ukukhubazeka kwemisipha kuwo wonke umzimba, kuhlanganise nobuso, okuholela ekubonakaleni okubonakalayo. ukumamatheka okunomlomo obanzi.
hleka ijuba
Ukuhleka okushoyo uhleke ungawuvuli umlomo. Kuvame ukujwayezwa ku ukwelapha ukuhleka noma emakilasini ukuhleka yoga.
Ukuhleka okusemathinini noma okusemathinini
Impela sonke siyakukhumbula lokho kuhleka kwangemuva okuzwakala ochungechungeni lwamahlaya kamabonakude. Lokho uhleko olusemathinini noma olusemathinini: ukurekhodwa kokuhleka kwangempela okubekwa endaweni yamahlaya kungathuthukisa noma kusize umbukeli ukuhleka, ngoba -njengoba kushiwo emigqeni edlule- ukuhleka kuyathathelwana.
Ukuhleka okunonya noma okucasulayo
Ukuhleka enonya, ecasulayo o okubi, kuwuhleko olude-kude nokushukunyiswa umzwelo owakhayo– Umgomo wawo uwukugcona noma ukuhlekisa ngomunye umuntu, umshiye njengobufakazi ngalokho “kuhleka”.
ukuhleka kwe-spastic
Kuyinto a ukuhleka okungalawuleki okwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile - ngendlela yokuthi "ukuhleka kufanelana" - lapho kungekho ukukhuthazwa noma ngisho nasezimweni zokudabuka, lapho kubhekene nezindaba ezimbi, lapho kunikezwa khona ngokuthi "ukuhleka kobuhlungu".
Kunembangela ye-neurological futhi kwesinye isikhathi eyengqondo yalesi simo: isisho esijwayelekile se i-pseudobulbar syndrome (isifo se-neurodegenerative), I-pathology ye-"The Joker", umlingiswa oyinhloko wefilimu yakamuva enegama elifanayo elidlalwa u-Joaquin Phoenix.
Ukuhleka noma inkinga ye-gelastic
Kuyinto a uhleko olungaphenduli kumongo wesimo futhi kuwukusabela ku-a uhlobo olungavamile lwesithuthwane. Ukuhleka okungazelelwe okungahambisana nokuphazamiseka kwesimiso sezinzwa ezizimele, ngisho noshintsho esimweni sokwazi, okungase kufinyelele emqondweni. Ukuquleka.