Zimangaze ngomthelela odalwe yi-ICT emphakathini wangaleso sikhathi, ukwazi ukususa umsakazo nomabonakude endaweni yokuqala. Ngaphambi kokuqala, sikumema ukuthi ubone Busebenza Kanjani Ubuchwepheshe? futhi isetshenziselwa ini?
I-ICT Emphakathini
Bonke lobo buchwepheshe obubamba iqhaza ekuthathweni, ekukhiqizweni, ekugcinweni, ekukhwabaniseni, ekuxhumaneni, ekurekhodweni nasekwethulweni kolwazi, kungaba ngelezwi, izithombe kanye nedatha equkethwe kumasiginali, noma ngabe i-acoustic, i-optical noma i-electromagnetic kubizwa. Ubuchwepheshe Bolwazi Nokuxhumana.
Ngokujwayelekile, uma kubhekiselwa ku-Information and Communication Technologies, isifinyezo sayo se-ICT siyasetshenziswa. Nakuba, zingaphinde zibizwe nge-NTIC, okuvela esifushaneni senkulumo ethi Ulwazi Olusha Nobuchwepheshe Bokuxhumana.
Ubuchwepheshe bolwazi busekelwe ikakhulukazi ku-electronics, lapho izindawo zokuxhumana ngocingo kanye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi zingathuthukiswa. Lezi zindawo zibalulekile ekuphathweni nasekudlulisweni kolwazi nge-inthanethi, lapho ezokuxhumana kanye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi budlala indima ebalulekile.
I-ICT emphakathini: emndenini
Kunoma yimuphi umphakathi, i-nucleus iwumndeni njalo, futhi ubuchwepheshe bolwazi nezokuxhumana buguquguquka kangangokuthi bungasetshenziswa yila maqembu emindeni.
Ubuchwepheshe bolwazi nezokuxhumana noma ama-ICT emphakathini empeleni asetshenziswa cishe nsuku zonke emakhaya emindeni, njengalapho kusetshenziswa umabonakude, umsakazo, amakhompyutha nokunye.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu kusho ubungozi obuthile kwabancane abasendlini abakwazi ukufinyelela kulawa madivaysi futhi ngisho nangaphezulu lapho bexhumeke emhlabeni omkhulu we-Intanethi. Empeleni kunezingqungquthela ezikoleni zokuxwayisa abazali ukuze baqonde ukubaluleka kokufundisa izingane zabo ngokuphathwa ngendlela kwalezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe.
Namuhla, kunamadivayisi amaningi anezibuyekezo ezikuvumela ukuthi uvule inketho yokulawula kwabazali, ukuze ulawule ukuhlela noma okuqukethwe okusetshenziswa izingane zakho.
Ezikoleni
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, izikhungo ezihlukene zokufunda, ucwaningo nentuthuko zifuna ukuhlala zinolwazi lwakamuva, zithola ukuthuthuka kwakamuva kwezobuchwepheshe okusiza inqubo yokufunda yabafundi bazo. Lezi zikhungo zemfundo zihlanganisa izikole, amakolishi namanyuvesi, ukuze bahlale bephambili olwazini lwabo babone kunesidingo sokuthi basebenzise ubuchwepheshe bolwazi nokuxhumana, ukuze bangasali emuva kulokho okukhathazayo ukuze bathole amathuluzi olwazi amasha asiza ukufunda nokufundisa. ucwaningo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuqonda zonke izinqubo eziyingxenye yokukhiqiza, ukugcinwa, ukudluliswa kanye nokufinyelela olwazini nokuthi ubuchwepheshe obuyingxenye yalolu hlelo buvumela kanjani ukuthi le datha idluliselwe.
Nakuba mhlawumbe kuseyinkinga enzima ukulawula okuqukethwe abafundi abangafinyelela kukho, iqiniso liwukuthi ulwazi nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana buphenduka ithuluzi elibalulekile ohlelweni lokufundisa ngenxa yazo zonke izinzuzo nezinsiza ezihlinzekayo. Kungakho, kuzo zonke izikhungo zemfundo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zisiphi isigaba noma izinga lemfundo, zifuna ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe.
Ithuluzi le-ICT cognitive
Ubuchwepheshe bolwazi nokuxhumana, noma ama-ICT emphakathini, abonakala ngokukhuthaza nokuqinisekisa ukufinyelela okulula kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lolwazi.
Bonke ubuchwepheshe namathuluzi abamba iqhaza ku-ICT emphakathini anamandla okwenza noma iyiphi imodi yokucubungula idatha, ukuba nendawo enkulu yokugcina ivolumu yolwazi abasebenza ngayo, ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo imisebenzi nemisebenzi edingekayo, ukudala iziteshi zokuxhumana ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabasebenzisi, phakathi kokunye.
Manje, akunakuphikwa ukuthi kuzo zonke izinsiza ezibandakanya ubuchwepheshe bolwazi nezokuxhumana, noma i-ICT emphakathini, ebaluleke kakhulu i-inthanethi, evumela ukuxhumana nomhlaba obanzi wokuphathwa kolwazi kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo.
Inguquko yedijithali: I-ICT emphakathini
Akunakuphikwa ukuthi ukuvela kobuchwepheshe bolwazi nezokuxhumana, noma i-ICT emphakathini, kudale uguquko ekutholeni ulwazi olufana, isibonelo, ukusungulwa kokubhala noma umshini wokunyathelisa.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba lezi ziqalo ezinkulu zenziwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi zaphawula amaphuzu adlulele ekuguqukeni kwemiphakathi yangaleso sikhathi, iqiniso liwukuthi namuhla inqubekelaphambili eyenziwayo ingeyeqayo nemingcele ehlanganisa yonke imikhakha kusukela empilweni yansuku zonke kuya ezisekelweni ze umnotho wezwe.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ulwazi nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana, noma ama-ICT emphakathini, asekelwe ngokuqinile emikhakheni ye-electronics, ubuchwepheshe bolwazi noma i-digitization, kanye nezokuxhumana.
Isayensi ehilelekile
Ekuqaleni, izinto zikagesi zaziyimbangela yokuthuthukisa izinto ze-analog ezifana nocingo, umsakazo, umabonakude, amarekhodi omsindo kazibuthe, ividiyo, ifeksi, phakathi kokunye, ngaphezu kokubamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokudlulisela le datha. .
Ukwenza ikhompuyutha noma ukwenza idijithali yiyona ehlinzeke ngohlelo olungacacile nolwenziwayo lokumelwa kwedatha, kungaba ngombhalo, isithombe, umsindo noma ividiyo. Lolu hlelo luzuze intuthuko mayelana nokusebenzisana kwezinqubo ezinengqondo kanye nempahla ebandakanyekayo ezinqubweni zokugcinwa kwedatha, ukukhohlisa nokudluliswa kwedatha.
Okokugcina, indawo yezokuxhumana ihlinzeke ngohlu lwemithombo yezindaba ehlukene noma imigqa yokudlulisa imininingwane, kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-fiber optics, izintambo ezingama-coaxial, ama-waveguides noma ama-antenna, amasathelayithi, phakathi kokunye.
I-paradigm evela kubuchwepheshe obusha bolwazi nokuxhumana, noma ama-ICT emphakathini, amanethiwekhi amakhompyutha. Impela, ikhompuyutha ngokwayo isivele iyithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu elisiza inani elikhulu kodwa elilinganiselwe lemisebenzi, kodwa uma le khompyutha ixhunyiwe futhi iyingxenye yenethiwekhi, imisebenzi engayinikezayo ayifani.
Ngesikhathi sokwakha amanethiwekhi wekhompiyutha, amakhompyutha, ngaphezu kokwenza izinqubo zolwazi zanoma iyiphi ifomethi yedijithali etholakala ngaphakathi kwemishini yokugcina izinto efana nama-hard drive, ama-peni okushayela, izinkumbulo ze-SD, phakathi kokunye, futhi asebenza njengomthombo wokufinyelela ulwazi, izinsiza noma izinsiza ezabiwe ngamakhompyutha akude.
ngiyabonga inthanethi
Konke lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yobukhona be-inthanethi, kanye nokuxhumana okuvumela ukuthi kwenziwe phakathi kwezigidi zamadivayisi asebenzisa le ndlela. Njengoba kwaziwa, ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi sekusabalele cishe kuwo wonke amathuluzi akhona, okuhlanganisa ngisho nezinto zikagesi ezihlakaniphile, futhi imfundo ayikhululwa esidingweni sokuphendukela kulo mthombo obalulekile.
Intuthuko enkulu lokho Ama-ICT akhiqize emphakathini baguqula zonke izinhlelo eziyingxenye yezwe, okuhlanganisa nezinhlaka zalo zezomnotho, ezamasiko ngisho nezenhlalakahle.
Lokhu kuhle Umthelela we-ICT emphakathini Selikhona ezindaweni ezehlukene lapho lobu buchwepheshe bubandakanyeka khona, ngokunokwenzeka bushintsha unomphela indlela yethu yokwenza kahle ngaphandle kokubusebenzisa. Isibonelo, kuyinto engacabangeki ukucabangela ukwenza imisebenzi emhlabeni wemisebenzi, endaweni yezokwelapha, ukwenza ibhizinisi emakethe, ukusungula ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu, ukuba nempilo enhle, ukuthola ulwazi ngaphandle kwalobu buchwepheshe, ngisho ukuphatha ukuthuthukisa imfundo.ukungazinaki.
Umphakathi kanye ne-ICT
Ukusetshenziswa kolwazi nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana, noma i-ICT emphakathini, sekukhona kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemisebenzi eyenziwa nsuku zonke ngumuntu ngamunye, empeleni, okwamanje bambalwa abasebenzisi abangabutholi noma abangabusebenzisi lobu buchwepheshe. .
Ngokunjalo, ubuchwepheshe bolwazi nezokuxhumana, noma i-ICT emphakathini, bukhona ngokungangabazeki ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke, njengoba ziyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko lezobuchwepheshe, okunzima kakhulu ukungabi nalo, futhi lokho kusisiza ukuba sithuthukise ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo ngisho nenhlalo. amakhono.
Emcabangweni wolwazi nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana, noma i-ICT emphakathini, nakuba ikakhulukazi isekelwe ku-electronics, ikhompuyutha kanye nokuxhumana ngocingo, futhi inokusekelwa kwayo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, noma ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
Ulwazi Obsolescence
Emzamweni wokuhambisana nenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe nesayensi eqhubekayo ezingeni lomhlaba wonke ezinhlelweni ezehlukene ezifana nezomnotho nezamasiko, isikhathi solwazi sehlisiwe nokushabalala kwalo kwanda, ngenxa yokuthi kuphakama isidingo sokudala njalo. izakhiwo ezintsha ezivumela ukugcina ulwazi luvuselelwe.
Sikumema ukuthi ubukele le vidiyo emfushane mayelana ne-ICT:
Ukufakwa komphakathi: I-ICT emphakathini
Umphakathi usekelwe kakhulu emakhonweni; amakhono abanawo azoba usizo olubalulekile lokunquma ukuthi bangakwazi yini ukufinyelela izimo namathuba, ngakho-ke, ukwenza imisebenzi yendima yezenhlalo, engasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izici zokusebenza kanye nokugcina isikhathi kulokho okuhlobene. kubuchwepheshe bolwazi nokuxhumana, noma i-ICT emphakathini.
Ulwazi umuntu ngamunye oyingxenye yalowo mphakathi analo mayelana namathuluzi obuchwepheshe akamuva kakhulu luzochaza indlela yokufakwa noma, uma kungenjalo, ukukhishwa inyumbazane, futhi kubikezelwa ukuthi lesi simo sizoba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ucwaningo nentuthuko emikhakheni yolwazi nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana, noma i-ICT emphakathini, igxile kakhulu ekukhuthazeni ukusetshenziswa kwakho kanye nokwenza lula ukufinyelela kukho kubo bonke abasebenzisi abafisa ukwenza kanjalo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yalaba basebenzisi ngokusebenzisa izixhumanisi nokuvumelanisa okwenziwayo, ukuhlonipha ukuhlukahluka kokusebenza ukuze kuzanywe ukuzuza ukusebenza okuphezulu.
Izakhamizi kanye I-ICT emphakathini
Kodwa-ke, ukuvela kanye nokuthuthukiswa okulandelayo kolwazi nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana, noma i-ICT emphakathini, kuye kwabangela isidingo esisha sokuvela ezindaweni ezahlukene zokuthuthukiswa komuntu, lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi kube nesimo kuze kube yilapho kwenziwa ezinye izindima. ngokwezinga lokuphathwa kolwazi nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana.
Amadivayisi athile anesibopho sokuqinisekisa ukuxhumana kanye nokufinyelela kumasevisi ahlukene anikezwa ku-inthanethi. Lokhu kuvumela, isibonelo, ukuthi abantu abanokuhamba okulinganiselwe bangakwazi ukufinyelela ezinsizeni zomphakathi ngokwandisa iziteshi zokuxhumana, lokhu kuvumela ukuthi izinqubo zokukhiqiza zithuthukiswe, kanye nokunikezwa amandla kwezimo zokukhishwa inyumbazane ezitholakala emazingeni ahlukene.
Manje, kunezikhathi lapho ubuchwepheshe bolwazi nezokuxhumana, noma i-ICT emphakathini, iba yisithiyo kulezo zakhamuzi ezifisa ukufinyelela bese zikwazi ukufeza amalungelo nemisebenzi yazo.
Njengamanje, imisebenzi eminingi yansuku zonke yezakhamizi ihlobene eduze ne-inthanethi noma ukusetshenziswa kwesoftware. Isibonelo, uma isakhamuzi sifisa ukubhalisa ku-PSU, kuzoncika kulwazi nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana, ngokufanayo, ekukhishweni kwamathikithi e-elekthronikhi ku-SII noma, ukuze sikwazi ukuthobela ukubhaliswa komsebenzi eMineduc.
Izenzo okufanele uzithathe
Kuzo zonke izizathu ezishiwo ngenhla, kuyadingeka ukuthi iziphathimandla ezibhekele ukuqeqeshwa zibhekane nokuqeqeshwa kwezakhamizi ukuze zibe nokuphatha kahle lawa mathuluzi, ukuze kugwemeke ukuthi abanjwe isithiyo kanye nohlobo oluthile lomphakathi. ukukhishwa ngaphandle.
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi okunye ukufunda kufanele kwenziwe yizakhamuzi ngokwazo, ukuthi zivela ezidingweni zabantu ngokwazo futhi zandisiwe ngaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi akubona bonke abasebenzisi abakwaziyo, ngokwesibonelo, ukufinyelela ikhompuyutha, ngisho nasezigungwini zezemfundo nokufundisa ezisemthethweni ukuze bakwazi ukungena ku-inthanethi.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kuba ngumsebenzi kubo bonke abalingisi ababamba iqhaza maqondana nokuhlanganiswa komphakathi, ukunikeza isiqondiso esidingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe amakhono nekhono elivumela ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kolwazi nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana. ukusekela ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwalobu buchwepheshe.
Kuyoba ngale ndlela ukuthi inqubekelaphambili ohlelweni lokufakwa komphakathi ingaqinisekiswa ngendlela efanele ngokuvumelana nezici umphakathi owethulayo ngaleso sikhathi.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo komqondo womphakathi wolwazi
Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi umphakathi uqaphele ukuthi leli gama, elihlotshaniswa kakhulu nomqondo wolwazi nobuchwepheshe obusha, indima eyisisekelo oqhubeka uyidlala emisebenzini ngayinye engenzeka ezweni yi-inthanethi. . Lokhu kungabonakala kalula ngentuthuko ebabazekayo omakhalekhukhwini abake baba nayo, ngisho nasezintweni ezivelayo ukuthi akudingekile ukuba khona kukathisha noma okungenani kungabi khona ngqo ukuthi akwazi ukufunda isihloko esithile.
Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ulwazi nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana akufanele zididaniswe nesenzo esilula sokudlulisa inani elikhulu nelithuthukisiwe ledatha, kodwa kufanele buhlotshaniswe nomphakathi okhona ku-inthanethi abangaqhubana nawo ulwazi. ukudluliselwa.
Lo mphakathi owavela ku-inthanethi ubizwa ngokuthi "umphakathi wolwazi". Ukubaluleka kwalo mphakathi ukuthi ngenxa yokusabalalisa ulwazi olwenziwayo, kungenzeka ukuthi kuthathwe ulwazi nolwazi olutholakala ngedijithali futhi luguqule lube yinani lezomnotho nezenhlalakahle.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuqonda umqondo weqiniso kanye nesizathu somphakathi wolwazi. Inhloso yalo mphakathi ukuphatha yonke into ehlobene nokuphathwa kolwazi ngendlela ehlukile.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okwethulwe Ubuchwepheshe Bolwazi Nokuxhumana obusha kwenzeke ngendlela eshesha ngempela nangezinyathelo ezinkulu. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokuba khona kwensiza ebaluleke kakhulu lobu buchwepheshe obungaba nayo, okuwukuxhumana nomhlaba obanzi we-inthanethi.
Akungabazeki ukuthi lesi sigaba esisha sentuthuko sizoba nomthelela omkhulu ekuhleleni izinqubo zokufundisa nokufunda.