U-Thiomargarita ukhuliswe eduze kwe-dime [IPHOTOGRAPH NGU-TOMAS TYML]
ukuyiqhathanisa ngesilinganiso somuntu kunjengokungathi kukhona imidondoshiya kusukela ezinganekwaneni. Futhi angibhekiseli ezimdondoshiya ezingamakhulu amamitha ukuphakama, noma imidondoshiya emide njenge skyscraper (ngokwesibonelo, iBurj Khalifa elinganiselwa ku-820m) kodwa imidondoshiya elingana ne-Everest, imidondoshiya engaphezu kuka-8000m ukuphakama. Yilowo muzwa okufanele wonke amanye amagciwane abe nawo lapho ecabanga i-thiodaisy emangalisayo.
Usayizi we i-thiodaisy emangalisayo akusiyo yodwa into emangazayo ukuthi leli gciwane elinalo, kodwa ukuze siliqonde kahle, ake siqale ekuqaleni:
Yini amagciwane?
"Zingama-microorganisms angenayo i-nucleus ehlukene." Lena yindlela esingathola ngayo incazelo yamagciwane ku-RAE. Nokho, i i-thiodaisy emangalisayo kungabonakala ngeso lenyama, elingahambisani nencazelo yamagciwane eyaziwa kuze kube manje.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, baye batholakala ukuba khona "kwezingcezu" ze-DNA kulwelwesi lwalo, obungeke nalo lulingane nencazelo yebhaktheriya. Okuthile esizokhuluma ngakho kancane ngezansi.
Yatholakala kanjani? i-thiodaisy emangalisayo?
Sikhuluma ngokutholakala okusondele kakhulu ngesikhathi, kusukela ngo-2009. Kulo nyaka u-Olivier Gros, umcwaningi ongumFulentshi, wayesehlathini lomhlume esiqhingini saseGuadeloupe eCaribbean futhi waqaphela ukuba khona eminye imicu emhlophe emihle eyayisemaqabungeni abolayo exhaphozi lomhlume elibomvu. Nokho, kwakungeke kube ngalesi sikhathi lapho kwatholakala khona ukuthi kwakuyilezo zintambo ezincane.
Igama lakho
Ngo-2015, isazi sezinto eziphilayo saseMexico uSilvina González Rizzo ukwazile ukuhlaziya ngempumelelo le micu futhi wathola ukuthi kwakuyi-bacterium yesibabule. Kusukela kulo mzuzu yayizothola igama elithi "Thiomargarita" ngenxa yokubukeka kwamangqamuzana ayo kanye nokufana nalokho okwakubhekwa njengegciwane elikhulu kunawo wonke kuze kube manje: I-Thiomarguerite namibiensis. Le ngxenye yokuqala yegama isho "iparele lesulfure".
Ingxenye yesibili yegama laleli gciwane (enhle) Iza ukuze ibonise ubungqabavu bosayizi wayo futhi yaqanjwa isazi sezinto eziphilayo saseMexico.
Ubukhulu bayo obungavamile
Izifundo ngaleli gciwane zaqhubeka futhi kungaba ngumfundi oneziqu zobudokotela womcwaningi waseFrance ozophumelela ukulandelanisa i-genome yaleli gciwane elihlaba umxhwele. Usayizi weseli we i-thiodaisy emangalisayo Idlula kude konke obekwaziwa kakade. Iqiniso lokuthi ibhaktheriya lingabonwa ngeso lenyama liye lashintsha umhlaba wezinto ezincane futhi sekuyisikhathi sokucabangela ukuthi incazelo kufanele ishintshwe. Besikubona ngendlela efanayo esibona ngayo ithebhu.
Isikhathi eside kwakucatshangwa ukuthi amangqamuzana amagciwane awakwazi ukuba makhulu ngenxa yezidingo zabo. Okusho ukuthi, lapho ingqamuzana likhulu, kuthatha amandla engeziwe ukuze liqhubeke liphila kanye nokudla okwengeziwe. I i-thiodaisy emangalisayo Inenhlangano yamangqamuzana asuka kumagciwane (aziwa ngokuthi akudala), ifana kakhulu namaseli ezitshalo nezilwane asethuthuke kakhulu.
Ososayensi bayaqinisekisa ukuthi ukutholakala kanye nocwaningo mayelana naleli gciwane nakho kuzokwenza siza ukuthola isizathu sokuthi kungani ama-genome e-eukaryotic eba makhulu futhi aba makhulu.
Ukuqamba kwakho okusha ku-DNA
Ubukhulu akuwona kuphela into emangalisa ngaleli gciwane, linesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi enye i-bacterium eyaziwayo: hlukanisa i-DNA ibe uhlobo lwezingxenye ezibizwa ngokuthi ukhukhamba. Okusho ukuthi, igcina i-DNA yayo emaphaketheni amancane ahlanzekile.
Amagciwane angama-prokaryotes, okungukuthi, izinto eziphilayo ezingenayo i-nucleus yeseli, ngakho-ke i-DNA yabo ikhululekile noma ikhululekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-eukaryote ane-DNA yawo ezungezwe imvilophu. I i-thiodaisy emangalisayo I-bacterium ngakho-ke ingaphakathi kwama-prokaryotes. Nokho, iseli lakho linalawa "manuggets" ezihlanganisa i-DNA yeseli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-genome yayo ingenye yama-prokaryotes amakhulu kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ukutholakala kwaleli gciwane bekubalulekile ngoba kwenza cabanga kabusha imikhawulo yamagciwane.
Amagciwane awanayo inhlangano eyinkimbinkimbi yama-eukaryote, nakuba akufanele sicabange ngawo njengezinto eziphilayo ezilula noma. Amagciwane angasebenzisa ushukela, akhule kuma-substrates ahlukene, axhumane futhi aziphathe emphakathini, njll.
I-Thiomarguerite enhle kakhulu namuhla
Kuyi-bacterium isafundelwa nokuthi icabanga kabusha umhlaba wamabhaktheriya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuzosiza ukuqonda kangcono ezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-eukaryote, lapho thina bantu sizithola khona.
Okuthile okuthakazelisayo ngemvelo ukuthi kusazotholakala izigidi zezinto nokuthi lezi zinto zingaqeda lokho ebesikuqonda njengokujwayelekile. Kuyi-a isikhumbuzi esiqhubekayo sokuthi kufanele sivulekele izinguquko.